User:Switchercat/Sandbox/Transgender youth

As you can tell, I am really trying to get this thing off the ground. I want it to be a good article, even featured. It's hardly close.

Articles for sourcing

• The Atlantic: A boy's life

"From the earliest signs of puberty, doctors have about 18 months to start the blockers for ideal results." ... "The Dutch clinic has given them to about 70 children since it started the treatment, in 2000; clinics in the United States and Canada have given them to dozens more." Dr. Peggy Cohen-Kettenis. "doctors at the clinic in the Netherlands ask parents not to let young children live as the other gender until they are about to go on blockers." The Sissy Boy syndrome study.

• ABC: Born with the wrong body

"They feel like their body has gone completely out of control, and I've heard genetic males, who assume a female identity, say please, please, please don't let me grow a beard, like daddy, or a voice like my big brother." — Spack. States of kids on blockers described as a hormonal limbo.

• Time: The gender conundrum

"two to three times more likely to attempt suicide." GnRH treatments not approved by the FDA. "Although some U.S. studies show that interrupting puberty can weaken bone density, preliminary findings by the medical center of the Free University in Amsterdam, which has prescribed hormone blockers for about 80 children since 1987, don't suggest any such problems. The blocker treatment is also easily reversible: puberty begins as soon as drug use is discontinued."

• NPR: Q&A, Parents consider treatment.
• SF Weekly: Girl/boy interrupted

Opposition: Lupron "a modern form of child abuse," says Paul McHugh. ... "Dr. Henriette Delemarre-van de Waal at the Free University Medical Center in Amsterdam in 1986." Marvin Belzer, Children's Hospital Los Angeles. "Gender Identity Development Service at the Tavistock Clinic in London" -- apparently doesn't give hormones until late.

• Gender identity disorders in children and adolescents

apparently "more fluidity in outcome." Delusional beliefs may occur but are indicative of childlike thinking, not psychosis. Commoner in assigned males.

• Gender identity disorder in children

Says that treatment of kids w/ GID is controversial, that one type of treatment aims to integrate kid socially in birth-assigned sex + prevent homo/transsexuality. Behavior therapy: restrictions on activities, punishment for behaviors, encouraging "same-sex" socialization and play. "Homosexuality is the most common post pubertal psychosexual outcome of gender identity disorder." This statement supported by Zucker, apparently.

• New Scientist: Puberty blockers recommended for transsexual teens
• ditto Delaying puberty could help gender-confused teens
• Boston Globe: Methuen school faces parents' queries on student's gender issue
• Toronto Star: When Matt became Jade. This being produced for TV or something?
• The "Aurora archive"
• Salon: Teen transsexuals

"The treatment protocol of the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, the standard-bearing organization for transgender medicine, allows exceptions in cases of 'clear maturity.'"

• Transsexual teens in the Netherlands
• New York Times: About a boy who isn't
• Doctors refine therapies
• Learn to recognize gender identity disorder
• same again (same article?)
• The diagnosis and care of transsexual children and adolescents: a pediatric endocrinologists' perspective.
• New York Times: Supporting boys or girls when the line isn't clear
• Transgender youth: invisible and vulnerable
• When is it OK for boys to be girls, and girls to be boys?
• The Guardian: Growing up in chiaroscuro
• Denver Post: Douglas County child, 8, wants to live as a girl
• Rocky Mountain News: "It's me in a different way"
• [x]press: Child's choice
• Advocate: Life without puberty<---BROKEN LINK********
• Citypages: How young is too young for a sex change

Books

• Gender Identity Disorder and Psychosexual Problems in Children and Adolescents

"'Normal' preschoolers" (p3) have a strong, consistent, and serious sense of gender identity

p49 kids w/ newborn siblings assigned opposite sex may have brief periods of gender role mixing??

Interview w/ a 4-year-old kid assigned male:

Interviewer. Are you a boy or a girl?
Kid. Boy.
Interviewer. Are you a girl?
Kid. Yes.

Interviewer. Do you ever feel more like a girl than a boy?
Kid. It's too late. Because I'm already a girl.
...
Interviewer. Do you ever think that you are really a girl?
Kid. Yes.

• The Transgender Child
• Transgenderism and Intersexuality in Childhood and Adolescence

identification not congruent w/ assigned sex can appear as early as 2

kids diagnosed w/ GID have more difficulty distinguishing b/w male and female in others, when talking abt stability of gender, etc.

teens w/ "extreme" GID usually have been children w/ GID (p59). Some do not adjust their behavior and others try to conform to their assigned sex.

p63. of 99 assigned males, 6% IDed as transsexual later on, though Peggy Tine thinks this is an underestimation. 14% of 45 prepubertal kids seen @ the Clarke later desired sex reassignment. On the other hand, Cohen-Kettenis at Utrecht reported that 23% of 73 of kids she'd seen still wanted to transition as adolescents.

majority of kids seen for GID were assigned male at birth

TV stuff (how do I source?)

• The View
• Oprah
• Barbara Walters
• Discovery Health

A rough outline of headings

Transgender youth is an umbrella term that describes children and adolescents whose gender identities vary from the sex that was assigned to them at birth. Because transgender youth are usually dependent on their guardians for care, shelter, financial support, and other needs, and because most doctors are reluctant to provide medical treatments to them,^{[citation needed]} transgender youth face different challenges related to their condition than adults do. Recent articles on the subject have focused on their day-to-day social issues,^[2][3][4] the communities and support networks that their parents have created,^[5][6] and the controversy over pre-pubertal hormone therapy. The youngest of them will also receive a specialized diagnosis, gender identity disorder in children, as opposed to the adolescent and adult gender identity disorder.

Transgenderism and transsexuality manifest at different times in life in different individuals. In most cases, the condition is often apparent from toddlerhood,^{[citation needed]} when such children may express behavior incongruent with — and/or dissatisfaction related to — their assigned sexes. According to the DSM-IV, most children diagnosed with gender identity disorder will establish an identity as a member of their assigned sex in adolescence or adulthood.^[9] However, it is known that many transgender and transsexual youth retain their trans identity in adulthood^{[citation needed]} and the factual accuracy of the DSM, in regard to this matter, has been questioned.^{[by who?]}

References

Transgender youth
— two-paragraph or so intro goes here

Characteristics

— behavior, assertions, sense of self as distinguishable from that of cis kids

Diagnosis

— brief history and description of 302.6; linkage to Gender identity disorder in children

Treatment

— overview 2 main types of treatment: that which has the goal of making kids grow up non-trans (Zucker and Co.), and that which allows them to live in their preferred gender/sex (Netherlands, Spack and Co.). Talk about how the first approach is based around counseling and behavior, etc., and the second has counseling but not behavior modification + also involves hormones, etc.

Mental health care

Social transition

Hormone therapy

Before natural puberty

— puberty blockers, doctors who do them

After natural puberty

— T and E, etc.

Surgery

— state that SRS is not performed on prepubertal nonintersex kids (FIND SOURCE), but cite times when it has been done for teens