User:Susie Lee GT/sandbox
Some philosophers, such as Jeremy Bentham, Baruch Spinoza, and Descartes, have hypothesized that the sensations of pain and pleasure are part of a continuum.
There is strong evidence for biological connections between the neurochemical pathways used for the perception of pain and those involved in the perception of pleasure and other psychological rewards.
Perception of pain
[edit]Sensory input systems
[edit]- Nociceptors, anterolateral and spinothalamic tract system
Neural coding
[edit]- Cortical regions
Perception of pleasure
[edit]- Definition- pleasure v.s. alleviation of pain
Sensory input systems
[edit]- Taste, olfaction, auditory (musical), visual (art), sexual
Dopamine system
[edit]Opioid system
[edit]Neural coding
[edit]- Nucleus accumbens, VTA, amygdala, other cortical and subcortical regions
Psychology of pleasure
[edit]
Pain and pleasure on a continuum
[edit]Arguments for pain and pleasure on a continuum
[edit]Common neuroanatomy
[edit]- amygdala, pallidum, nucleus accumbens [1]
Placebo analgesia
[edit]Arguments against pain and pleasure on a continuum
[edit]Asymmetry between pain and pleasure
[edit]- Dr. Kringelbach's quote (Dr.Morten L. Kringelbach, personal communication, October 24, 2011)
Evolutionary hypotheses
[edit]- Leknes and Tracey's view
- Dr. Kringelbach's quote (Dr.Morten L. Kringelbach, personal communication, October 24, 2011)
Motivation-decision model
[edit]Opponent process theory
[edit]Leknes and Tracey's explanation of this theory [2]
Clinical applications
[edit]Related diseases
[edit]Animal trials
[edit]Deep brain stimulation
[edit]- Dr. Kringelbach's quote (Dr.Morten L. Kringelbach, personal communication, October 24, 2011)
Drugs and medication
[edit]
References
[edit]1. Almeida, T. F., Roizenblatt, S., & Tufik, S. (2004). "Afferent pain pathways: a neuroanatomical review." Brain Research, 1000(1-2), 40-56.
2. Apkarian, A. V., Bushnell, M. C., Treede, R. D., & Zubieta, J. K. (2005). "Human brain mechanisms of pain perception and regulation in health and disease." European Journal of Pain, 9(4), 463-484.
3. Berridge, K. C., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2008). "Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals." Psychopharmacology, 199(3), 457-480.
4. Braithwaite, V. A., & Boulcott, P. (2007). "Pain perception, aversion and fear in fish." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 75(2), 131-138.
5. Cavanna, A. E., Cauda, F., D'Agata, F., Sacco, K., Duca, S., & Geminiani, G. (2011). "Mapping Pleasure Pathways: The Functional Connectivity of the Nucleus Accumbens." Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 23(2), 30-30.
6. Esch, T., & Stefano, G. B. (2004). "The neurobiology of pleasure, reward processes, addiction and their health implications." Neuroendocrinology Letters, 25(4), 235-251.
7. [1]Kringelbach, M. L., & Berridge, K. C. (2010). Pleasures of the Brain. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.
8. Kringelbach, M. L., & Berridge, K. C. (2009). "Towards a functional neuroanatomy of pleasure and happiness." Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(11), 479-487.
9. Kumazawa, T. (1998). "Primitivism and plasticity of pain - implication of polymodal receptors." Neuroscience Research, 32(1), 9-31.
10. Lamm, C., Decety, J., & Singer, T. (2011). "Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain." Neuroimage, 54(3), 2492-2502.
11. [2]Leknes, S., Brooks, J. C. W., Wiech, K., & Tracey, I. (2008). "Pain relief as an opponent process: a psychophysical investigation." European Journal of Neuroscience, 28(4), 794-801.
12. Leknes, S., & Tracey, I. (2008). "Science & society - A common neurobiology for pain and pleasure." Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9(4), 314-320. Web of Science, Pain and Pleasure.
13. Lieberman, M. D., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2009). "NEUROSCIENCE Pains and Pleasures of Social Life." Science, 323(5916), 890-891.
14. Ploner, M., Lee, M. C., Wiech, K., Bingel, U., & Tracey, I. (2011). "Flexible Cerebral Connectivity Patterns Subserve Contextual Modulations of Pain." Cerebral Cortex, 21(3), 719-726.
15. Rolls, E. T., O'Doherty, J., Kringelbach, M. L., Francis, S., Bowtell, R., & McGlone, F. (2003). "Representations of pleasant and painful touch in the human orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices." Cerebral Cortex, 13(3), 308-317.
16. Sukel, K. (2011). "The pathways of pleasure." New Scientist, 210(2812), 6-+.
See also
[edit]External links
[edit]- BBC News report: Brain links pain with pleasure
- White JM (September 2004). "Pleasure into pain: the consequences of long-term opioid use". Addict Behav. 29 (7): 1311–24. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.06.007. PMID 15345267.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Pain and pleasure in philosophy
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NEG_Lq2-1w&feature=related
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6HNk1c-Xdk
Category:Pain Category:Neurology Category:Perception
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