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Esri CityEngine is a three-dimensional (3D) modeling software application developed by Esri R&D Center Zurich (formerly Procedural Inc.) and is specialized in the generation of 3D urban environments. With the procedural modeling approach, CityEngine supports the creation of detailed large-scale 3D city models. CityEngine works with architectural object placement and arrangement in the same manner that VUE manages terrain, ecosystems and atmosphere mapping. Unlike the traditional 3D modeling methodology which is using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools, CityEngine improves the shape generation via the rule-based system and data sets--similar as the Geographic Information System (GIS).[1] Due to this dominant feature, CityEngine has been broadly used in academic research or building virtual environments, e.g., urban planning, architecture, visualization, game development, entertainment, GIS, archeology, and cultural heritage. After being integrated with the Building Information Model (BIM), CityEngine can visualize the data of buildings in a larger urban context, enhancing its working scenario toward real construction projects.[2]
Product History
[edit]Developer
[edit]In 2007, Procedural Inc. was founded and separated from ETH Zurich, the top-ranking technology university in Switzerland. In the summer of 2011, Procedural Inc. was acquired by Esri and became Esri R&D Center Zurich, continually studying in the fields of computer graphics, computer vision, software engineering, finance, marketing, and business. [3]
Software
[edit]CityEngine was developed at ETH Zurich by the original author Pascal Mueller, co-founder and CEO of Procedural Inc. During his Ph.D research at ETH Computer Vision Lab, Mueller invented a number of techniques for procedural modeling of 3D architectural content which make up the foundation of CityEngine. Since CityEngine's public debut in the 2001 Siggraph conference,[4] additional research papers have contributed to featuring CityEngine. In 2008, the first commercial version of CityEngine was released by the Swiss company Procedural Inc and was used by professionals in urban planning, architecture, visualization, game development, entertainment, GIS, archeology, and cultural heritage.
| Date | Version |
|---|---|
| July 21, 2008 | CityEngine 2008 |
| Nov 20, 2008 | CityEngine 2008.2 |
| Dec 17, 2008 | CityEngine 2008.3 |
| May 19, 2009 | CityEngine 2009 |
| Sept 15, 2009 | CityEngine 2009.2 |
| Dec 10, 2009 | CityEngine 2009.3 |
| June 23, 2010 | CityEngine 2010 |
| Oct 12, 2010 | CityEngine 2010.2 |
| Dec 9, 2010 | CityEngine 2010.3 |
| Oct 26, 2011 | Esri CityEngine 2011.1 |
| Feb 23, 2012 | Esri CityEngine 2011.2 |
| Oct 3, 2012 | Esri CityEngine 2012.1 |
| Nov 13, 2013 | Esri CityEngine 2013.1 |
| June 1, 2014 | Esri CityEngine 2014 |
| Sept 15, 2014 | Esri CityEngine 2014.1 |
| ----,---- | Esri CityEngine 2015.0 |
| ----,---- | Esri CityEngine 2015.1 |
| ----,---- | Esri CityEngine 2015.2 |
| ----,---- | Esri CityEngine 2016.0 |
| ----,---- | Esri CityEngine 2016.1 |
| ----,---- | Esri CityEngine 2017.0 |
| ----,---- | Esri CityEngine 2017.1 |
Basic and Advanced license
[edit]| CityEngine Basic | CityEngine Advanced | |
|---|---|---|
| Price* | $500 | $4,000 |
| Licence type | one license on a local computer | one license on a local computer or a concurrent server |
| Features | Parametric City Design Tools, Get Map Data, City Wizard, Procedural Modeling Core, Terrain and Map Support, Custom Report Generation, 3D Web Scene Export, SDK | All basic features are included; Facade Wizard, 3D Format Support for Game Engines (VR/AR) and Visualization Pipelines, Python Scripting Interface, Script-based Export, 3D Mouse Support, File Geodatabase Support |
(*These prices are only valid in the U.S. and they may vary in different regions and dealers; some research universities provide the limited educational license to their faculties and students.)
Features
[edit]Procedural Modeling Core (CGA Shape Grammar Language): CGA (computer generated architecture) rules allow to control mass, geometry assets, proportions, or texturing of buildings or streets on a citywide scale. (More details can be seen in the "Procedural Modeling" section.)
Get Map Data: Users can create a 3D urban environment in few minutes via the download helper; Users can select a target location and import geo-referenced satellite imagery and 3D terrain of that place. If they are available in the OpenStreetMap (OSM), the data of street and building footprint can be easily retrieved to build 3D models via default CGA rules.[5]
GIS/CAD Data Support: Support for industry-standard formats such as Esri Shapefile, File Geodatabase and OpenStreetMap which allow to import/export any geo-spatial/vector data.
Parametric Modeling Interface: An interface to interactively control specific street or building parameters, such as the height or age (defined by the CGA rules)
Dynamic City Layouts: Interactive design, editing and modification of urban layouts consisting of (curved) streets, blocks and parcels.
Map-Controlled City Modeling: Global control of buildings and street parameters through image maps (for example the building heights or the landuse-mix).
Street Networks Patterns: Street grow tools to design and construct urban layouts.
Industry-Standard 3D Formats: CityEngine supports Collada, Autodesk FBX, 3DS, Wavefront OBJ, RenderMan RIB, mental ray MI and e-on software's Vue.
Custom Report Generation: Users can script and generate rule-based reports to show social-economic figures (e.g., Gross Floor Area (GFA), Floor Area Ratio (FAR)) and to analyze their urban design proposals.
3D Web Scene Export: The model built in CityEngine can be directly exported and then used to create a WebGL scene in a browser. The 3D environment in the web scene can be rotated, explored, compared and commented online by multiple users.
360 VR Experience: The scenarios of urban environments can be used to generate a series of panoramic photos for publishing them online. Users can look around by turning their heads in virtual reality (VR) headsets. (Currently, it only supports Samsung Oculus Gear)[7]
Python Scripting Interface: CityEngine provides ce.py as a built-in library.
Facade Wizard: Rule creator and visual facade authoring tool.
3D Format Support for Game Engines (VR/AR): Now the model built in CityEngine can be directly exported to Unreal Engine, with the loading capacity of tens of millions of polygons and tens of thousands of objects, as well as non-limited material textures. Meanwhile, exporting to Unity3D still requires users to use Autodesk Maya as a transfer station.
Available for All Platforms: Available for Windows (64bit only), Mac OS X (64bit), and Linux (32/64bit).
Procedural Modeling (CGA Shape Grammar)
[edit]As a core function, CityEngine uses a procedural modeling approach to automatically generate models through a predefined rule set. The rules are defined through a CGA shape grammar system enabling the creation of complex parametric models. Users can change or add the shape grammar as much as needed providing room for new designs.
Modeling an urban environment within CityEngine can start out with creating a street network either with the street drawing tool or with data imported from openstreetmap.org or from Esri data formats such as Shapefiles or File Geodatabase. The next step is to subdivide all the lots as many times as specified resulting in a map of lots and streets.[8] By selecting all or some of the lots CityEngine can be instructed to start generating the buildings. Due to the procedural modeling technology, all buildings can be made to vary from one another to achieve an urban aesthetic. At this point the city model can be re-designed and adjusted by changing parameters or the shape grammar itself.
CGA Shape Grammar system can read Esri-Oracle format datasets directly, and it operates as a top-bottom generation tree: it generates complex components from simple Shapefiles polygons/poly-lines/points whereas each branch and leaf of the generation tree cannot interact with others. It is different than main-stream shape grammars like Grasshopper in Rhinoceros 3D and Dynamo in Autodesk Revit.
Relevant applications
[edit]Traditionally, building a 3D urban environment is very time-consuming resulted from numerous buildings and details of a city. Designers used CAD software to create shapes one by one, and researchers analyzed cities by computing 2D information in GIS (GIS only supports limited 3D shape generation like extrusion.) CityEngine's Procedural Modeling system makes it possible to generate complex 3D models via information massively, bringing a large number of relevant applications. It not only enhances the workflow of urban design/study/planning and merges to a new field of study called Geodesign (means using geospatial information to design a city), but also lowers the threshold of making city environments in game and movie industry.
Geodesign
[edit]Discussions on geodesign often mention the use of Esri CityEngine,[9] although it is not an analytical tool like GIS. As a crucial tool to enhance 3D shape generation in ArcGIS, Esri CityEngine is the critical product to improve the applicability of GeoDesign, using geospatial information to design or analyze a city.[10]
Urban Design and Planning
[edit]HOK Architects used CityEngine in their sizable urban planning projects. Before using that, it took them numerous work hours on creating interactive visualizations of hundred thousands of buildings. With CityEngine, the designers and clients of projects can communicate via craft fluid, data-rich, and real-time rendered experiences.[11]
Urban Study
[edit]Due to its dominant feature in building informative city models, urban researchers are using CityEngine to compare land-use planning schemes, starting from the densest global cities such as Hong Kong and Seoul.[12] When urban designers/planners enjoy the quantitive analyst, environmental scientists also like the instant 3D model generation in CityEngine, leading to more convenient informative research out of the time-consumption on creating a city from each building.[13][14]
Game Development
[edit]Triple-A Games require detailed 3D environments to assign interactive scripts, causing CityEngine's participation in the creation of game scene.[15] Currently, game scenes become larger than that of old video games ten years ago. Large sandbox or open-world games such as GTA series or Assassin Creeds series need millions of distinguished 3D buildings in their virtual world. Designing these games with instantly testing and editing can reduce workloads and increase the rationality of a game scene in the gameplay.[16]
Movie Industry
[edit]Zootopia, which won the 2016 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature Film, used CityEngine to establish an impressive metropolis where humans don’t exist. From giraffes to shrews, animals own diverse scales in the system of transportation, houses, and amenities. To build up a multi-scaling city, the designers used CityEngine due to its rule-based system. Before Zootopia, CityEngine was also used to create the Japanese-style city--San Fransokyo--in Big Hero 6 .[17]
Official Publications
[edit]- ACM Siggraph 2001: Procedural Modeling of Cities - Yoav Parish and Pascal Mueller
- ACM Siggraph 2006: Procedural Modeling of Buildings - Pascal Mueller, Peter Wonka, Simon Haegler, Andreas Ulmer and Luc Van Gool
- ACM Siggraph 2007: Image-based Procedural Modeling of Facades - Pascal Mueller, Gang Zeng, Peter Wonka and Luc Van Gool
- ACM Siggraph 2008: Interactive Procedural Street Modeling - Guoning Chen, Gregory Esch, Peter Wonka, Pascal Mueller and Eugene Zhang
- Eurographics 2009: Interactive Geometric Simulation of 4D Cities - Basil Weber, Pascal Mueller, Peter Wonka and Markus Gross
- Eurographics Symposium VAST 2006: Procedural 3D Reconstruction of Puuc Buildings in Xkipché - Pascal Mueller, Tijl Vereenooghe, Peter Wonka, Iken Paap and Luc Van Gool
- Eurographics Symposium VAST 2007: Populating Ancient Pompeii with Crowds of Virtual Romans - Jonathan Maïm, Simon Haegler, Barbara Yersin, Pascal Mueller, Daniel Thalmann and Luc Van Gool
References
[edit]- ^ Nae-Young, Choei (April 1, 2016). "Procedural Modeling of a Residential Site Using the Interoperability between the GIS and CityEngine". GSTF Journal of Engineering Technology. 3 (4): 4–10 – via Applied Science & Technology Source.
- ^ "BIM-GIS Integration with IFC".
- ^ "Procedural Inc. LinkedIn Home Page". linkedin.
- ^ Procedural Modeling of Cities - Yoav Parish and Pascal Mueller (PDF)
- ^ a b "CityEngine 2016.0 release notes—Esri CityEngine | ArcGIS Desktop". desktop.arcgis.com. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
- ^ "Purchase CityEngine". esri.com.
- ^ "360 VR Experience Helper page". Esri.com.
- ^ New York example
- ^ http://video.esri.com/watch/2116/the-instant-citygeodesign-and-urban-planning
- ^ "GeoDesign Overview | Esri". Esri.com.
- ^ Zoog, Christopher. "Visibility Analysis tools for planners". Esri.com.
- ^ Guo, Jian (July 2017). "A study of plot ratio/building height restrictions in high density cities using 3D spatial analysis technology: A case in Hong Kong". Habitat International. 65: 13–31. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2017.04.012. hdl:10397/69923 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- ^ Choei, Nae-Young (April 2016). "Procedural Modeling of a Residential Site Using the Interoperability between the GIS and CityEngine An Adaptation of the Radburn Type Cul-de-sac Roadsystem and Housing". Journal of Engineering Technology (JET). 3: 4 – via GSTF.
- ^ Zhu, Qing (July 2017). "Robust point cloud classification based on multi-level semantic relationships for urban scenes". Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 129: 86–102. doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.04.022 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- ^ Klein, Bernhard (2016). "Managing the Scalability of Visual Exploration Using Game Engines to Analyse UHI Scenarios". Procedia Engineering. 169: 272–279. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.10.033 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- ^ Cooper, David (May 20, 2016). Literary Mapping in the Digital Age. Routledge.
- ^ Tracy, Cozzens (July 10, 2017). "Esri UC: How CityEngine powered Disney's Zootopia". GPS World.