User:Sudhansu sekhar Rout

Name:-Sudhansu Sekhar Rout Son Of:-Dusasan Rout'

Working with :Macmillan Publishing Solution Home town:-Orissa'

My State

Main article: List of districts of Odisha

There are 30 districts in Odisha— Angul, Boudh, Bhadrak, Bolangir, Bargarh, Balasore, Cuttack (Kataka), Debagarh, Dhenkanal, Ganjam, Gajapati, Jharsuguda, Jajpur, Jagatsinghpur, Khordha, Keonjhar, Kalahandi, Kandhamal, Koraput, Kendrapara, Malkangiri, Mayurbhanj, Nabarangpur, Nuapada, Nayagarh, Puri, Rayagada, Sambalpur, Subarnapur, Sundargarh.

Each district is governed by a District Collector (District Magistrate), appointed either by the Indian Administrative Service or the Odisha Administrative Service. Each district is subdivided into Sub-Divisions, governed by a sub-divisional magistrate, and thereafter into Blocks. Blocks consists of Panchayats(village councils) and town municipalities.

The capital and largest city of the state is Bhubaneswar. Major cities in Odisha are Cuttack, Brahmapur, Puri, Rourkela, Sambalpur.

Religious beliefs and peace

"Peace of God" redirects here. For the medieval movement, see Peace and Truce of God.

Gari Melchers, Mural of Peace, 1896.

Religious beliefs often seek to identify and address the basic problems of human life, including the conflicts between, among, and within persons and societies.

Many Christians call Jesus of Nazareth the "Prince of Peace", and see him as a messiah (savior or deliverer), the "Christ", who manifested as the Son of God on Earth to establish God's Kingdom of Peace, wherein persons, societies, and all of Creation are to be healed of evil. For persons to enter this Kingdom and experience peace, Christians believe that one must develop a personal relationship with Jesus Christ, who stated: "Come to me, all you who labor and are burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am meek and humble of heart; and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden light." (Matthew 11:28–30) According to Pope Benedict XVI, "Peace is achieved by consciences that are open to the truth and to love". Elsewhere Benedict links peace to ecology: "humanity, if it truly desires peace, must be increasingly conscious of the links between natural ecology, or respect for nature, and human ecology. Experience shows that disregard for the environment always harms human coexistence, and vice versa. It becomes more and more evident that there is an inseparable link between peace with creation and peace among men. Both of these presuppose peace with God. The poem-prayer of Saint Francis, known as "the Canticle of Brother Sun", is a wonderful and ever timely example of this multifaceted ecology of peace".

Buddhists believe that peace can be attained once all suffering ends. They regard all suffering as stemming from cravings (in the extreme, greed), aversions (fears), or delusions. To eliminate such suffering and achieve personal peace, followers in the path of the Buddha adhere to a set of teachings called the Four Noble Truths — a central tenet in Buddhist philosophy.

Islam means submission. The title "Muslim"—etymologically directly related to salaam and the name Islam—means a person who submits to Allah in salaam. The submission to Allah (the Arabic proper noun for "The God", One and Only) is based on humility. An attitude of humility within one's own self cannot be accomplished without total rejection of violence, and a personal attitude and alignment toward peace.

See also: Catholic peace traditions and Peace in Islamic philosophy

Inner peace

Main article: Inner peace

Inner peace (or peace of mind) refers to a state of being mentally and spiritually at peace, with enough knowledge and understanding to keep oneself strong in the face of discord or stress. Being "at peace" is considered by many to be healthy homeostasis and the opposite of being stressed or anxious. Peace of mind is generally associated with bliss and happiness.

Peace of mind, serenity, and calmness are descriptions of a disposition free from the effects of stress. In some cultures, inner peace is considered a state of consciousness or enlightenment that may be cultivated by various forms of training, such as prayer, meditation, t'ai chi ch'uan (太极拳, tàijíquán) or yoga, for example. Many spiritual practices refer to this peace as an experience of knowing oneself. Finding inner peace is often associated with traditions such as Buddhism and Hinduism as well as the New Age movement. Inner peace is also the first of four concepts to living life in the rave culture acronym PLUR.

Satyagraha

Main article: Satyagraha

Satyagraha (Sanskrit: सत्याग्रह satyāgraha) is a philosophy and practice of nonviolent resistance developed by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (also known as "Mahatma" Gandhi). He deployed satyagraha techniques in campaigns for Indian independence and also during his earlier struggles in South Africa.

The word satyagraha itself was coined through a public contest that Gandhi sponsored through the newspaper he published in South Africa, 'Indian Opinion', when he realized that neither the common, contemporary Hindu language nor the English language contained a word which fully expressed his own meanings and intentions when he talked about his nonviolent approaches to conflict. According to Gandhi's autobiography, the contest winner was Maganlal Gandhi (presumably no relation), who submitted the entry 'sadagraha', which Gandhi then modified to 'satyagraha'. Etymologically, this Hindic word means 'truth-firmness', and is commonly translated as 'steadfastness in the truth' or 'truth-force'.

Satyagraha theory also influenced Martin Luther King, Jr. during the campaigns he led during the civil rights movement in the United States. The theory of satyagraha sees means and ends as inseparable. Therefore, it is contradictory to try to use violence to obtain peace. As Gandhi wrote: "They say, 'means are, after all, means'. I would say, 'means are, after all, everything'. As the means so the end..." A contemporary quote sometimes attributed to Gandhi, but also to A. J. Muste, sums it up: 'There is no way to peace; peace is the way.'

My State-tourism

One of Odisha's major attractions is its 500 km long coastline and beaches and natural scenery such as Chilka Lake, Asia's largest brackish water lake. There is an important bird sanctuary for millions of birds, and is also noted for its population of Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris), the only known population of Irrawaddy dolphins in India It is one of only two lagoons in the world that are home to this species.

Dolphin tourism provides an important alternative source of income for many local residents. There are four tourist associations in Satapada employing three hundred and sixty 9-HP long-tail motor boats taking tourists to a 25 km² (9.7 sq mi) area of the lake for dolphin watching. About 500 fishing families are involved in this business. The Odisha Tourism Department and the Dolphin Motorboat Association, an NGO at Satpada, report about 40,000 tourists visit Chilika every year for dolphin Watching. October–January and May–June are the peak season for tourists at Chilika, with a maximum 600-700 per day during December–January. The Dolphin Motorboat Association has 75 8-passenger motorboats for dolphin watching. Tourists pay Rs. 250 for 60–90 minutes per trip. According to the Association, most tourists see dolphins. Only 5% return disappointed. Besides the Association, the Odisha Tourism Department organises "dolphin-watch" for tourists. Even during monsoon, about 100 tourists/day visit the lake. Major beaches in Odisha include Gopalpur, Puri, Chandipur and Chandrabhaga and the waterfalls of Barehipani and Joranda, Badaghagra, Sanaghagra and Khandadhar are common attractions. The hot springs at Atri, Deulajhari, Taptapani and Tarabalo also attract tourists.

The state has rich flora and fauna inhabited the lush green forest and is home to the Royal Bengal Tiger. Eco-tourism is important in Odisha and notable wildlife sanctuaries include Bhitar Kanika, Chandaka, Chilika, Simlipal, Tikarpada, Gahirmatha and Nandan Kanan. Locations which attract tourists because of their natural scenery include Darjeeng, Daringbadi, Barunei, Dhamra, Chandbali, Tensa, Narayani and Saptasajya.

Eco-tourism provides a degree of alternate employment to the local community and generates environmental awareness, among local residents as well as visitors, about the conservation and sensible use of the lake’s natural resources. Notable locations within the lake are:

Beach in Odisha

• Ramba Bay at the southern end of the lake with the group of islands including:
  • The Becon Island, with an architectural conical pillar (to put a light on the top) built by Mr. Snodgrass, the then collector of Ganjam of the East India Company, on a mass of rock in the Rambha Bay near Ghantasila hill. It is surrounded by the Eastern Ghat.
  • The Breakfast Island, pear shaped, known as "Sankuda island", with remnants of a dilapidated bungalow constructed by the King of Kalikote, has rare plants and is full of greenery with appealing flora.
  • Honeymoon Island, 5 km (3.1 mi) from Rambha Jetty, known as Barkuda Island, with clear waters has abundant red and green macro algae in the bed is also known for the limbless lizard, an endemic species found here.
• Somolo and Dumkudi islands, located in the Central and Southern sectors of the lake, in the backdrop of scenic Khalikote hill range, are inundated remnants of the Eastern Ghats with rich flora and fauna and also known for sighting of Irrawaddy Dolphins.
• Birds' island, located in the southern sector of the lake has huge exposed hanging rocks, are painted white due to folic acid of the droppings of the birds and is known for rich algal communities and few mangrove species and also migratory birds in winter.
• Parikud is a group of composite islands in the Garh Krishnaprasad Block for nature lovers and provides an avian spectacle during winter season
• Kalijai Temple located on an island is considered to be the abode of the Goddess Kalijai
• Satapada village, at the new mouth of the lake, provides a beautiful view of the Lake and also views of the Dolphins. Hundreds of boats here provide tours of the lake for tourists.
• Barunkuda, a small island situated near Magarmukh, mouth of the lake, has a temple of Lord Varuna.
• Nabagraha is an ancient deity located along the outer channel.
• Chourbar Shiva Temple is located near Alupatna village, along the outer channel.
• 'Koraput Jagannath mandir is located in the top area of koraput city.

it is 2400 meter from koraput railway station.it is most popular jagannath temple in koraput district.

• Gupteswer templeis famous for lord shiv .it is situated
• Manikpatna, located on the outer channel has historical evidence of a port which was used for trade with Far East and also has the Bhabakundeswar temple of Lord Shiva, an old Mosque whose entrance door is made of the jaws of the whale.
• Sand-Bar and Mouth of the Lake is a striking and un-explored stretch of 30 km (18.6 mi) of empty beach across the sand bar which separates the Lake from the Sea.

Temples and monuments

Konark Sun Temple

Odisha's history dates back to 2000 BC and the state features many ancient monuments ranging from the ruins of Sisupalgarh, Lingaraj Temple and Jagannath Temple, to the World Heritage Site of the Konark Sun Temple. There is also the carved Mukteswar Temple and other such temples, the 64 Yogini Shrine and Rajarani. A number of these sites in Odisha have been subject to important archaeological finds, especially at Ratnagiri, Lalitgiri and Udaigiri which attracts tourists. Buddhist sites are also visited in Odisha, such as the Buddhist monuments of Dhauli, Lalitgiri, Ratnagiri, and Udaygiri.

My State

On 4 November 2011, the English rendering of the name Odisha was officially changed from Orissa to Odisha. The change required minor amendments to the Orissa (the Alteration of Name) Bill and the Constitution (113th) Amendment Bill which were approved by both houses of parliament. The Oriya language is now officially rendered "Odia" in English. These spellings reflect different transcriptions of the same Oriya names. ଓଡ଼ିଶା Oṛiśā is pronounced [oˑɽisaˑ] in Oriya. The letter ଡ଼ ṛ is a flapped [ɽ] sound resembling the r in most languages, but closer to the d in American English ladder than it is to English r. It is an allophone of ଡ ḍ [ɖ ], and may have been pronounced ḍ centuries ago. The letter ଶ ś is commonly transcribed sh, reflecting the pronunciation of the ancestral letter in Prakrit; however, in modern Oriya it is pronounced the same as ସ s. Thus the name Orissa is closer to the actual Oriya pronunciation of the name, whereas Odisha is an intentionally archaising transcription.

The name Odisha is derived from Pali or Sanskrit words Ora (Ura) or Odra Desa or Sumera or Odra Visaya. The earliest epigraphic reference to Odras is found in the Soro copper plate grant of Somadatta, from which it is clear that Uttara Tosali, with its visaya Sarepahara identified with Soro of Balasore (Baleswar) district, was part of Odra Visaya. Both Pali and Sanskrit literatures mention the Odra people as Oddaka and Odrah, respectively. Ancient writers like Pliny the Elder and Ptolemy described the Odra people as Oretes. In the Mahabharata the Odras are mentioned along with the Paundras, Utkals, Mekalas, Kalingas and Andhras, while according to Manu the Odras are associated with the Paundrakas, Dravidas, Kambojas, Yavanas, Sakas, Paradas, Pallavas, Chinas, Kiratas and Khasas. The location of the Odra territory has been given in the Natural History of Pliny, in which it is mentioned that the Oretes were inhabiting the country where the mount Maleus stood. The Greek Oretes is probably the Sanskrit Odra, and the Mount Maleus has been identified with Malayagiri near Pala Lahara. Pliny associates the mount Maleus with the people called Monedes and Sharis, who were probably the same as the Mundas and the Savaras respectively, inhabiting the upland regions of Odisha.

Visitors also called the Odisha with different names. The Chinese pilgrim Hiuen-Tsang who visited Odisha in about 636 CE gives an account of the territory named Wu-Che, which is very likely the same as Odra. The pilgrim states that the Wu-Cha (Wu-tu) country was above 7,000 li in circuit and its capital was above 20 li in circuit. The area of the territory, which was 7,000 li or (2,253 kilometres (1,400 miles)) in circuit, was very extensive. The Muslim geographer Ibn Khurdadhbin, who wrote his geography in 846 CE, refers to a territory called Ursfin, which is identified by the Russian scholar V. Minorsky with Odra Desa. In another Persian geography, called Hudad-al Alam, written towards the close of the 10th century CE, mention has been made of a territory called Urshin (Odra Desa), which has been associated with the territories called N. Myas, Harkand, Smnder and Andhras, which were more or less contiguous. The territory called N. Myas may be Mahismati and Harkand is suggested to be Akarakhand (eastern Malwa). Urshin may be the same as Odra Desa and Smnder may be the territory bordering the sea. Andhras is without doubt the same as Andhra Desa. Alberuni has referred to a territory called Udra Vishau, located 50 forsakhs towards the sea in the south from the Tree of Prayaga. Fifty forsakhs is equal to about 200 miles (322 kilometres). So Udra Vishau may be the same as Odra Desa.

In the medieval Muslim chronicles like Tabaquat-I-Nasiri, Tabaquat-I-Akbari, Riyadus-Salatin, Tarkh-I-Firuzsahi, etc., the Odra territory has been referred to as Jajnagar, probably after the capital Jajatinagar or Jajatinagar. The territory of Jajnagar very probably denotes to the Ganga empire during the period from Chodagangadeva to Anangabhimdeva III, when Jajatinagar (modern Jagati on the Mahanadi) was the capital of that empire. It was Anangabhimadeva III who transferred the capital from Jajatinagar to Baranasi Kataka. Even after the change of capital, some Muslim chroniclers continued to call this territory as Jajnagar. Shams-I-Seraj-Afif called this territory as Jajnagar-Udisa with its capital city Banaras on the right bank of the Mahanadi. The word ‘Udisa’ added to Jajnagar appears very significant. It is a developed form of the word Ursfin or Urshin used by earlier Muslim writers of the 9th and 10th centuries CE. In Buddhist literature this word is expressed as Odivisa or Udivisa, as found in the works of Lama Taranath and the author of Pag-Sam-Jon-Zang. In the Tantric literature of the mediaeval period, the word Udisa has been frequently used, and in Tantrasara, Jagannath has been referred to as Udisanatha. Poet Sarala Das mentions both the words Odra Rastra and Odisha in his famous treatise Mahabharata, while Gajapati Kapileswaradeva (1435–1467 CE) in his proclamation inscribed on the temple walls of Jagannath calls his territory as Odisha Rajya or Odisha Rastra. Thus, from the 15th century CE onwards, the land of the Oriya people was called Odisha.

My home is 1 KM far from NH-5. It is a small village name "Baransh".

Place

• • 1989 to 1991 Malkangiri Odisha India

Malkangiri

This district was carved out as district from the undivided Koraput district on 2nd Oct, 1992. The administrative headquarters of this district is Malkangiri town.

Malkangiri is the new home of the Bangladeshi refugees, who were rehabilitated since 1965 under the Dandakaranya project. Also some Sri Lankan Tamil refugees were rehabilitated in Malkangiri town, following the armed struggle of LTTE in the early 90's (most of them have returned, baring a couple of house holds). Currently it is one of the most naxalite-affected areas of the state.

• • 1991 to 1995 koraput odisha India

koraput

Koraput district was ruled by several dynasities such as Satavahans, Ikshvakus, Nalas, Ganga kings and kings of Surya vansha. It was a part of the erstwhile Madras Presidency and became a district of Odisha state on 1 April 1936 [1].

In October, 1992, Koraput district was divided, resulting in the creation of Malkangiri, Rayagada and Nabarangpur district.

It is currently a part of the Red Corridor.

• • 1995 to 1998 Keonjhar odisha India

History

The district of Keonjhar presents a panorama of millennia, both from the geographical and anthropological point of view. It is as varied as the whole of Orissa with water-falls roaring gorges, mountains and minerals. The manifold expressions of nature in this district are unique in Orissa.

Anthropologically, its two main tribes, namely the Juangs and the Bhuyans carry a distinct and primitive past. The Juang claims themselves to be the most ancient tribe of the world. In spite of their modern ways of living, many aboriginal practices are still prevalent among them.

After the integration of the feudatory states with Orissa on 1 January 1948 the state of Keonjhar emerged as one of its districts of Orissa, with its headquarters at Keonjhar. Since then the name has been changed to Kendujhar District.

The whole district of Keonjhar was a princely state before its merger with Orissa. The early history of the State is not adequately known. It was most probably a part of the old Khijjinga territory with headquarters at Khijjinga Kota, identified with modern Khiching. It became a separate state with Jyoti Bhanja as its ruling chief sometime during the first half of the 12th century A.D. The then State of Keonjhar comprised only the northern half of the modern district for a long time prior to the installation of Jyoti Bhanja as King. During the latter part of the 15th century the southern half was occupied by King Govinda Bhanja under whose rule Keonjhar was extended from Singhbhum in the north to Sukinda (a Zamindari in Cuttack district) in the South and from Mayurbhanj in the East to the borders of the States of Bonai, Pallahara and Anugul in the West. During the rule of Pratap Balabhadra Bhanja (1764–1792 A.D.) two small areas of Tillo and Jujhpada were purchased from the Zamindar of Kantajhari and were added to the State. These were recognised as parts of Keonjhar in the Sanad granted by the East India Company to Raja Janardan Bhanj in 1804. Since then there had been no territorial changes of the State till its merger with the Province of Orissa. But after merger largely for the reasons of administrative expediency the areas of Tillo (7.51 km²) and Jujhpada (9.06sq.km.) were transferred to the districts of Baleshwar and Cuttack respectively, while a number of villages called Ambo group (14.84 km².) of Balasore district were added to Keonjhar district.

The district is currently a part of the Red Corridor.

• • 1998 to 2006 Jajpur odisha India

Jajpur

Biraja Khetra: This is the ancient name of its district headquarter Jajpur town.  Jajpur town also  known as Biraja Kshetra, the place sacred to Goddess Biraja, the symbol of Sakti(Power).  It is a small city surrounded by the river Baitarani in semicircle and a high level canal at the other end.  Jajpur town is believed to be the capital of Jajati Keshari the then king of  Kalinga Empire during 11th-12th. century AD.

• Chhatia Batta: Chhatia is famous for Lord Jagannath Temple. It is situated at a distance of 25 km from Cuttack. It is believed as the second Shreekhetra of Odisha according to the facts described in Malika. The accommodation facility can be availed at Chandikhol and Cuttack by hiring Hotels and Lodges. For financial purpose, the nearest bank located to this tourist place is S.B.I Chatia. The common languages spoken in the area are Oriya, Hindi and English. PHC, Chatia is nearer to the spot for accessing medical facilities. People wear light cotton in summer and woolen in winter.
• Chandikhol: Chandikhol, which is at a distance of 40 km from Cuttack, is an attractive picnic spot with natural springs and scenerY.
• Dasaswamedha Ghat is situated on the bank of river Baitarani. This famous holy spot was built during the rule of Jajati Kesari.Baruni Snana is a significant occasion when many pilgrims visit the place for holy bath, which is celebrated during the month of February and March. It is believed that you are blessed if you take bath at Dasaswamedha Ghat in any holy day of Hindu calendar. The accommodation facility can be availed at Jajpur Road and Jajpur Town by hiring Hotels and Lodges. For financial purpose, the nearest banks located to this tourist place are S.B.I Chandikhol and a few nationalized banks. The common languages spoken in the area are Oriya, Hindi and English. District Head Quarter hospital, Jajpur is nearer to the spot for accessing medical facilities. People wear light cotton in summer and woolen in winter.
• Mahabinayak: At a distance of 2 km from Chandikhol to the west, is situated the Mahabinayak. Tourists can enjoy its natural surroundings and the temples of Lord Binayak.
• Lalitgiri, Ratnagiri and Udayagiri: These three Buddhist monasteries (viharas) are between 60 km and 65 km northeast of Cuttack. They are said to be the ancient seat of Puspagiri, the Buddhist university of 7th century A.D. Recently a statue of emperor Ashok was excavated at Langudi hill. A new Buddha Vihar at Hatikhal village was discovered in 2012
• Duburi: At a distance of 38 km from Chandikhol towards the Daitari mines on the Express Highway, Duburi is home to a number of steel plants.
• Korai: Korai is a Block of Jajpur district, having a Primary Health Centre, a college, a few high schools, a 125-year-old minor school, and one of the oldest Police Station of the erstwhile Cuttack district. This is an Assembly constituency of Orissa State. It is situated on the Calcutta Madras railway Line of Indian Railway having a railway station named Jajpur keonjhar road and about 9 km away from National highway No.5 linking Calcutta.

♦Baruneswar Temple: Situated in the village of Arei. It is a famous spot for devotees and tourists during Rain and winter season. Makar Mela/Baruneswar Mela is one of the biggest fair in Odisha. Every year It takes place from 14th to 28th January. This is the right time for a visitor to visit this holy place. This place is at a distance of 15 KM from Jajpur Town.

• • 2006 to 2007 Bhubaneswar odisha India

Bhubaneswar

See also: History of Odisha

Hathigumpha inscriptions at the Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves

The history of Bhubaneswar may be viewed in terms of ancient and modern eras. The ancient city has a history of more than 2,000 years, while the modern city emerged in 1948.

Bhubaneswar's first mention was during the Kalinga War, which took place near Dhauli (now in the south of the city) in the 3rd century BCE. Later Emperor Kharavela established his capital at Sisupalgarh, on the outskirts of the modern city. The Hathigumpha inscriptions at the Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves by Kharavela give a good account of that period, which is estimated as 1st–2nd century BCE. Temples built throughout the ancient and medieval periods chronicle the city's history.

Jain and Buddhist shrines portray the settlements around Bhubaneswar in the first two centuries BCE. One of the most complete edicts of the Mauryan emperor, Ashoka, dating from between 272-236 BCE, remains carved in rock 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the southwest of the modern city.

The remains of the ancient city of Sisupalgarh, on the outskirts of Bhubaneswar, are claimed to be at least 2,500 years old

The city was the ancient capital of the Kalinga Empire and the architectural legacy of the period is manifest. Historical sites in the city testify to the importance of the region during the 7th to 11th centuries CE, when the Kalinga kings ruled Odisha and beyond. The Ananta Vasudeva Temple and Bindusagar Tank is the only temple of Vishnu in the city. The temples in Bhubaneswar are regarded as having been built from the 8th to 12th centuries under Shaiva influence.

On 1 April 1936, Odisha, then known as Orissa, became a separate province in British India with Cuttack as its capital. This date is celebrated as Utkal Divas. Cuttack had been Odisha's capital since the 12th century. With independence in 1947, Odisha became a state. Because of Cuttack's vulnerability to floods and space constraints, the capital was moved to Bhubaneswar, which was formally inaugurated on 13 April 1948. The new capital was built as a modern city, designed by German architect Otto Königsberger with wide roads, gardens and parks. Though part of the city followed the plan, it has grown rapidly over the last few decades, outstripping the planning process.

• • 2007 to 2010 Saltlake Kolkata India

Saltlake

The earliest known reference of Bidhannagar in history is that on 17 June 1756, Siraj ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, camped at this place to chalk out the strategy for attacking the British East India Company at Fort William. The said attack led to the infamous massacre in Black Hole Prison that occurred on 20 June. After the death of Siraj ud-Daulah in 1757 in the Battle of Plassey, the right and title of these swampy salt water lakes remained with Mir Jafar and his descendants, who were supported by the Company who had won in that battle. Gradually, the right of the lakes went to the hands of local landlords and there happened a spurt in the pisciculture in the area. In 1865, the British officially started reclaiming these salt water bodies by connecting it with Mahratta Ditch (canal). In 1878, the Government leased out the right of the place to Nandalal Das and Durgacharan Kundu till 1887. On 30 April 1890, the Government again advertised in the newspaper and gave the leasehold right to the highest bidder, Bhabanath Sen, who offered INR 3400 for the rights. The said right ended in 1899. In 1906, the Government again leased out the lakes for 10 years to the highest bidder against INR 9750.

Development

Now in 2012, it is a very highly developed part of Kolkata and even whole West Bengal. Finally, on 16 May 1955, Calcutta Gazettee Government notification was published, which stated that the Governor of West Bengal has been pleased to acquire 8,760.50 acres (35.4525 km²) of Bheries (pisciculture area) under the Sec1.(4) of Land Acquisition Act, 1884. The basic area included the mauzas, that is, Hadia, Nayabad, Karimpur, Jagatipota, Mukundapur, Pargachhia, Tentulbari, Panchpota and a few minor others. In 1958, the Chief Minister Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy put his steps in the area for the first time. The global tender, for the reclamation of salt water lakes was floated in 1959, which was won by M/s. "Invest Import" Company of erstwhile Yugoslavia. These marshy, shallow salt water lakes were chosen as the site for developing the auxiliary township of Kolkata. Salt Lake City, later renamed as Bidhannagar, as a mark of recognition to one of its founders, Dr. Roy.

In fact, the area was a conglomerate of several salt lakes, a low-lying saucer shaped area, which was lower than the adjoining drainage channels. The only available method of development was to fill these salt lakes to a higher level which would permit gravity drainage through the nearby channels. The Hooghly river, lying in the western fringe of Kolkata, needed dredging to maintain the minimum draught for ships. By May 19, 1956, the Government had taken over the lands and then gradually Salt Lake started taking shape. The erstwhile Yugoslav firm "Invest Import" (selected by a global tender) was entrusted with the reclamation work of the swampy land area. Pipes were laid down from Chitpur lockgate in the north of Kolkata to Salt Lake for bringing silt from the bed of Hooghly river to Salt Lake via a number of pumping stations. It took nearly 7 years to fill up the 12.35 km² of land with dredged silt, which was once a very fertile fishing zone. On 16 April 1962, the Salt Lake City was officially born.The original planner of Bidhannagar was a Yugoslav named Dobrivoje Tošković.His master plan was approved by the Government on 9 April 1964.He revisited his planned city in 2007.

The development of the area was done in "Sectors". The plots were classified as residential, residential (shop-allowable), commercial, institutional and industrial. By 1965, Sector-I was complete and by 1969, Sector-II and Sector-III were ready for occupancy. Then came up the industrial Sectors IV and V (the location of the IT industries). The Sector IV contains Nicco Park (erstwhile Jhilmill) — the first amusement park of eastern India with 40 acres (160,000 m²) of land and the Nalban Boating Complex and so also the under-privileged area of Sukantanagar, the space apparently created for the rehabilitation of the displaced persons of Duttabad due to the construction of the Salt Lake Stadium in consultation with the Lutheran World Service. The 12.35 km² area of the town, initially composed of 12873 plots of land apart from 87 housing estates and blocks, got built up. Recently, the land area of this township has almost doubled to 33.5 km² due to the incorporation of Duttabad, Sukantanagar, Nayapatti, Dhapa-Manpur and Mahishbathan areas. The whole of Duttabad remains as an underdeveloped area till date.

• • from 2010 New Delhi India

=New delhi

Establishment

Lord Curzon and Lady Curzon arriving at the Delhi Durbar, 1903.

The Delhi Durbar of 1911, with King George V and Queen Mary seated upon the dais.

Calcutta (now Kolkata) was the capital of India during the British Raj until December 1911. However, Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire (as it was officially called) from Calcutta to Delhi. Unlike Calcutta, which was located on the eastern coast of India, Delhi was located in northern India and the Government of British India felt that it would be easier to administer India from Delhi rather than from Calcutta.

On 12 December 1911, during the Delhi Durbar, George V, the then Emperor of India, along with Queen Mary, his Consort, made the announcement that the capital of the Raj was to be shifted from Calcutta to Delhi, while laying the foundation stone for the Viceroy's residence in the Coronation Park, Kingsway Camp. The foundation stone of New Delhi was laid by King George V and Queen Mary at the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911 at Kingsway Camp on 15 December 1911, during their imperial visit. Large parts of New Delhi were planned by Edwin Lutyens (Sir Edwin from 1918), who first visited Delhi in 1912, and Herbert Baker (Sir Herbert from 1926), both leading 20th-century British architects. The contract was given to Sobha Singh (later Sir Sobha Singh). Construction really began after World War I and was completed by 1931. The city that was later dubbed "Lutyens' Delhi" was inaugurated on 13 February 1931 by Lord Irwin, the Viceroy. Lutyens designed the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's imperial aspirations.

The 1931 series celebrated the inauguration of New Delhi as the seat of government. The one rupee stamp shows George V with the "Secretariat Building" and Dominion Columns.

Soon Lutyens started considering other places. Indeed, the Delhi Town Planning Committee, set up to plan the new imperial capital, with George Swinton as chairman and John A. Brodie and Lutyens as members, submitted reports for both North and South sites. However, it was rejected by the Viceroy when the cost of acquiring the necessary properties was found to be too high. The central axis of New Delhi, which today faces east at India Gate, was previously meant to be a north-south axis linking the Viceroy's House at one end with Paharganj at the other. During the project's early years, many tourists believed it was a gate from Earth to Heaven itself. Eventually, owing to space constraints and the presence of a large number of heritage sites in the North side, the committee settled on the South site. A site atop the Raisina Hill, formerly Raisina Village, a Meo village, was chosen for the Rashtrapati Bhawan, then known as the Viceroy's House. The reason for this choice was that the hill lay directly opposite the Dinapanah citadel, which was also considered the site of Indraprastha, the ancient region of Delhi. Subsequently, the foundation stone was shifted from the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911–1912, where the Coronation Pillar stood, and embedded in the walls of the forecourt of the Secretariat. The Rajpath, also known as King's Way, stretched from the India Gate to the Rashtrapati Bhawan. The Secretariat building, the two blocks of which flank the Rashtrapati Bhawan and house various ministries of the Government of India, and the Parliament House, both designed by Herbert Baker, are located at the Sansad Marg and run parallel to the Rajpath.

In the south, land up to Safdarjung's Tomb was acquired in order to create what is today known as Lutyens' Bungalow Zone. Before construction could begin on the rocky ridge of Raisina Hill, a circular railway line around the Council House (now Parliament House), called the 'Imperial Delhi Railway', was built to transport construction material and workers for the next twenty years. The last stumbling block was the Agra-Delhi railway line that cut right through the site earmarked for the hexagonal All-India War Memorial (India Gate) and Kingsway (Rajpath), which was a problem because the Old Delhi Railway Station served the entire city at that time. The line was shifted to run along Yamuna river, and it began operating in 1924. The New Delhi Railway Station opened in 1926 with a single platform at Ajmeri Gate near Paharganj and was completed in time for the city's inauguration in 1931. As construction of the Viceroy's House (the present Rashtrapati Bhavan), Central Secretariat, Parliament House, and All-India War Memorial (India Gate) was winding down, the construction of a shopping district and a new plaza, Connaught Place, began in 1929, and was completed by 1933. Named after Prince Arthur, 1st Duke of Connaught (1850–1942), it was designed by Robert Tor Russell, chief architect to the Public Works Department (PWD).

After the capital of India moved to Delhi, a temporary secretariat building was constructed in a few months in 1912 in North Delhi. Most of the government offices of the new capital moved here from the 'Old secretariat' in Old Delhi (the building now houses the Delhi Legislative Assembly), a decade before the new capital was inaugurated in 1931. Many employees were brought into the new capital from distant parts of India, including the Bengal Presidency and Madras Presidency. Subsequently housing for them was developed around Gole Market area in 1920s. Built in 1940s, to house government employees, with bungalows for senior officials in the nearby Lodhi Estate area, Lodhi colony near historic Lodhi Gardens, was the last residential areas built by the British Raj.

My District

Etymologically the place derives its name from Yajna or Yagna.It is the place where Brahma did Ashwamedha Yajna. Later King Yajati Keshari did 10 Ashwamedha near Baitarani River bank. The apabramsa or local dialect has changed the name Yajanapura to Jajanapura and then to Jajapura or Jajipur in due course of time. A historic site for pilgrimages, it has shrines dedicated to Biraja Temple, Yajna Varaha Temple and Saptamatruka Temple among others, and at one time was intended to be the home of Lord Jagannath. It is also believed to have once been the capital of the Kalinga Kingdom empire. Jajpur also has an ancient pillar of Ashokan times called the Shubha Stambha.

Temple of Goddess Biraja is about 35 kilometres from its nearest railway station Jajpur Keonjhar Road (JJKR) or Byasanagar.My village is only 12 km from Biraja Jajpur town. Several express trains stop here. Road is good for a car.

Jajpur K Road railway station itself formed into a town. It has separate STD code, PIN code, several hotels (to stay) and bus stand. This station area is also known as Kalinganagar and Byasanagar.

Hobbies

I like to play cricket and kabbadi. I love nature

Job Details

• • Worked with Aegis BPO From 2006 to 2010

• • Worked With Omniglobe International from 2010 to 2011

• • Worked with Sterling Holidays from 2011 to 2012

• • Working with Macmillan from 2012.