User:Ssp5762/sandbox

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Draft

History

In 1850 Charles Sédillot, a French military physician, was the first to suggest that an infectious agent caused the blue-green discoloration of surgical bandages. The blue pigment, pyocyanin, was successfully extracted in 1860 by a French pharmacist named Mathurin-Joseph Fordos. Two years later in 1862, Lucke observed blue-green pus under a microscope and discovered rod-shaped microorganisms. P. aeruginosa was not isolated and grown in pure culture until 1882 by Carle Gessard.

Existing Cellular cooperation subheading

Humans and many other vertebrates are able to store biousable iron in a process called iron sequestration.

The siderophores P. aeruginosa secretes to acquire iron are pyoverdine and pyochelin. Pyoverdine has a high affinity for iron whereas pyochelin has a low affinity for iron. The bacterium can also acquire iron through the use of two different heme uptake systems.

Existing Pathogenesis subheading

P. aeruginosa can cause infections of the cornea called acute ulcerative keratitis. The infection is acquired through prolonged use of contaminated soft contact lenses. It also causes bacteremia in traumatic burn patients as well as chronic infections of the lung in cystic fibrosis patients.

Existing Identification subheading

"P. aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, aerobic (and at times facultatively anaerobic), bacillus with unipolar motility. [It possesses a polar flagellum]."

Grammatical Corrections

1. The word Pseudomonas means "false unit", from the Greek pseudo (Greek: ψευδο, false) and the Latin monas (Greek: μονος, a single unit).
2. The stem word mon was used early in the history of microbiology to refer to germs, e.g. kingdom Monera.
3. The names pyocyanin and pyoverdine are from the Greek words pyo-, meaning "pus", cyanin, meaning "blue", and verdine, meaning "green".
4. It is the most common cause of infections associated with burn injuries and the outer ear (otitis externa), and is the most frequent colonizer of medical devices (e.g., catheters).
5. The isolation of P. aeruginosa from nonsterile specimens should, therefore, be interpreted cautiously, and the advice of a microbiologist or infectious disease physician/pharmacist should be sought prior to starting treatment.
6. As fluoroquinolone is one of the few antibiotics widely effective against P. aeruginosa. In some hospitals, its use is severely restricted to avoid the development of resistant strains. 
7. In addition to this intrinsic resistance, P. aeruginosa easily develops acquired resistance either by mutation in chromosomally encoded genes or by the horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistant determinants.
8. However, even the best hygiene practices cannot totally protect an individual against P. aeruginosa, given how common P. aeruginosa is in the environment.

Article Critiques

Pseudomonas aeruginosa article:

• Nomenclature section can go under the lead section.
• Missing a section on the history of the organism.
• Missing a section on the cellular structure of the bacterium.
• Some grammatical errors.
• Adding more information on the genome section. It seems incomplete and it doesn't tie in what a large genome entails about the bacterium's antibiotic resistance and why we should care about it.
• Subsection order seems disorganized. It could be reorganized for better flow of information.
• Many sections can be combined.
• Links to sources are working.
• Lead section missing many citations.

Article Draft Plans

My plans are to add a section on the history, epidemiology, and transmission of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The article focuses heavily on the biological and clinical aspects of the bacterium. I'd like to add information on who discovered the bacterium and how, epidemiology, and how it's transmitted. Below are some sources I found relevant.

References

Lister PD, Wolter DJ, Hanson ND. Antibacterial-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Clinical Impact and Complex Regulation of Chromosomally Encoded Resistance Mechanisms. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2009;22(4):582-610. doi:10.1128/CMR.00040-09.

Blanc D., Francioli P, Zanetti G. Molecular Epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Intensive Care Units – A Review. The Open Microbiology Journal. 2007;1:8-11. doi:10.2174/1874285800701010008.

Cornelis P, Dingemans J. Pseudomonas aeruginosa adapts its iron uptake strategies in function of the type of infections. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 2013;3:75. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2013.00075.