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According to Schmithausen, three main positions held by scholars of Buddhism can be distinguished regarding the historicity and internal chronology of the earliest teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha :[1]

  1. "Stress on the fundamental homogeneity and substantial authenticity of at least a considerable part of the Nikayic materials;"[note 1]
  2. "Scepticism with regard to the possibility of retrieving the doctrine of earliest Buddhism;"[note 2]
  3. "Cautious optimism in this respect."[note 3]

Among scholars who believe it may be possible to reconstruct the historical teachings of the Buddha from the surviving sources, one method to obtain information on the oldest core of Buddhism is to compare the oldest extant versions of the Theravadin Pali Canon and other texts.[note 4] The reliability of these sources, and the possibility to draw out a core of oldest teachings, is a matter of dispute.[11][12][13][4] According to Vetter, inconsistencies remain, and other methods must be applied to resolve those inconsistencies.[9][note 5]

Within the Buddhist tradition, teachings attributed to the Buddha by traditional sources are referred to as Buddhavacana.

  1. ^ Bronkhorst 1993, p. vii.
  2. ^ a b Warder, 1999 & inside flap. Cite error: The named reference "FOOTNOTEWarder1999inside flap" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. ^ Bronkhorst 1997, p. viii.
  4. ^ a b c Gombrich 1997.
  5. ^ Davidson 2003, p. 147.
  6. ^ a b Jong 1993, p. 25.
  7. ^ Bronkhorst 1997, p. vii.
  8. ^ Lopez.
  9. ^ a b Vetter 1988, p. ix. Cite error: The named reference "FOOTNOTEVetter1988ix" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  10. ^ Warder 1999.
  11. ^ Bronkhorst 1993.
  12. ^ a b Vetter 1988.
  13. ^ Schmithausen 1990.
  14. ^ Schmithausen 1981.
  15. ^ Norman 1992.
  16. ^ Bronkhorst 1997.


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