User:SomeGuyWhoRandomlyEdits/First dynasty of Ur
First dynasty of Ur ๐๐ ๐๐๐ Ur I | |
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Dynasty | |
Country | Sumer |
Current region | Mesopotamia |
Place of origin | Ur |
Founded | c. 2600 BCE |
Founder | A-Imdugud (reign: c. 2600 BCE) |
Final ruler | Elulu |
Final head | Balulu |
Titles | List
|
Dissolution | c. 2112 BCE |
Deposition | c. 2350 BCE |
The first dynasty of Ur (abbreviated Ur I) was a dynasty of rulers from the city of Ur who reign: c. 2600 โ c. 2112 BCE. Ur I is (primarily) part of the Early Dynastic III period (c. 2600 โ c. 2350 BCE) of ancient Mesopotamia. It was preceded by the first dynasty of Uruk on the Sumerian King List (SKL). Only four (out of a total of up to twelve) of the rulers from the first dynasty of Ur are mentioned on the SKL. Likewise on the SKL: the first dynasty of Ur was succeeded by an Elamite dynasty from Awan.
Rule
[edit]The first dynasty may have been preceded by one other dynasty of Ur unnamed on the SKL which had extensive influence over the area of Sumer, and apparently led a union of south Mesopotamian polities.
Governors
[edit]A-Imdugud (r. c. 2600 BCE) is the earliest archaeologically recorded ruler from Ur said to have held the Sumerian title for governor.
Kings
[edit]Ur-Pabilsag is the earliest archaeologically recorded ruler from Ur said to have held the Sumerian title for king. He was preceded by his father (A-Imdugud).
Great kings
[edit]Ur-Pabilsag may have succeeded by his son Meskalamdug (who r. c. 2600 โ c. 2550 BCE as a king). Mesannepada (r. c. 2500 BCE) is the first king of Ur listed on the SKL. Two other rulers earlier than Mesannepada are known from other sources, namely Puabi (probably r. c. 2550 BCE with the Sumerian title for queen) and Akalamdug (r. c. 2600 โ c. 2550, c. 2550 โ c. 2500 BCE as king). It would seem that both Akalamdug and Mesannepada may have been sons of Meskalamdug, according to an inscription found on a bead in Mari, and Meskalamdug may have been the true founder of the first dynasty.
Mesilim (r. c. 2550 โ c. 2500 BCE) may have enjoyed suzerainty over Ur and Adab. He is also mentioned in some of the earliest monuments as arbitrating a border dispute between Lagash and Umma. Mesilim's placement before, during, or after the reign of Mesannepada in Ur is uncertain, owing to the lack of other synchronous names in the inscriptions, and his absence from the SKL. Some have suggested that Mesilim and Mesannepada were in fact one and the same; however, others have disputed this theory. Both Mesilim and Mesannepada also seem to have subjected Kish, thereafter assuming the title king of Kish for themselves. The title king of Kish would be used by many kings of the preeminent dynasties for some time afterward.
High kings
[edit]List of rulers
[edit]# | Depiction or inscription | Ruler | Approximated date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Notes and references |
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Denotes a ruler described with the Sumero-Akkadian equivalent for the title of king[a] | |||||
Early Dynastic IIIa period (c. 2600 โ c. 2500 BCE) | |||||
First dynasty of Ur (r. c. 2700 โ c. 2112 BCE) | |||||
? | A-Imdugud | r. c. 2600 BCE | Unclear succession | ||
? | Mesilim | r. c. 2550 BCE | Unclear succession | ||
? | Ur-Pabilsag | r. c. 2550 BCE | He may have been the son of A-Imdugud He may have died c. 2550 BCE |
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? | Puabi | r. c. 2550 BCE | Unclear succession | ||
2nd | Meskiagnun I | Uncertain (36 years) |
He may have been the son of Mesannepada | ||
Early Dynastic IIIb period (c. 2500 โ c. 2350 BCE) | |||||
First dynasty of Ur (r. c. 2700 โ c. 2112 BCE) | |||||
? | Akalamdug | r. c. 2500 BCE | He may have been the father or son of Meskalamdug | ||
? | Meskalamdug | r. c. 2500 BCE | He may have been the father or son of Akalamdug | ||
First dynasty of Lagash (r. c. 2600 โ c. 2260 BCE) | |||||
? | Eannatum | r. c. 2455 BCE (690 years) |
Son of Urnanshe or Akurgal | ||
First dynasty of Ur (r. c. 2700 โ c. 2112 BCE) | |||||
1st | Mesannepada | Uncertain (80 years) |
He may have been the son of Meskalamdug | ||
? | A'annepada | Uncertain | Son of Mesannepada | ||
Second dynasty of Uruk (r. c. 2550 โ c. 2154 BCE) | |||||
? | Lugalkinishedudu | r. c. 2400 BCE (120 years) |
Unclear succession | ||
? | Lugal-kisalsi | Uncertain | Son of Lugalkinishedudu | ||
First dynasty of Ur (r. c. 2700 โ c. 2112 BCE) | |||||
3rd | Elulu | Uncertain (25 years) |
Unclear succession | ||
4th | Balulu | Uncertain (36 years) |
Unclear succession | ||
Proto-Imperial period (c. 2350 โ c. 2334 BCE) | |||||
Second dynasty of Uruk (r. c. 2550 โ c. 2154 BCE) | |||||
? | Enshakushanna | r. c. 2350 BCE (60 years) |
He may have been the son of Elulu | ||
First dynasty of Umma (r. c. 2900 โ c. 2154 BCE) | |||||
? | Lugalzagesi | r. c. 2340 โ c. 2316 BCE (25 or 34 years) |
Son of Ukush | ||
Akkadian period (c. 2334 โ c. 2154 BCE) | |||||
Sargonic dynasty (r. c. 2334 โ c. 2154 BCE) | |||||
? | Sargon | r. c. 2334 โ c. 2279 BCE (37, 40, 50, 54, 55, or 56 years) |
Son of La'ibum | ||
First dynasty of Ur (r. c. 2700 โ c. 2112 BCE) | |||||
? | Lunanna | Uncertain | Unclear succession | ||
Sargonic dynasty (r. c. 2334 โ c. 2154 BCE) | |||||
? | Rimush | r. c. 2278 โ c. 2270 BCE (7, 9, or 15 years) |
Son of Sargon | ||
? | Manishtushu | r. c. 2269 โ c. 2255 BCE (7 or 15 years) |
Son of Sargon | ||
? | Naram-Suen | r. c. 2254 โ c. 2218 BCE (36 or 56 years) |
Son of Manishtushu |
International trade
[edit]The Ur I dynasty had enormous wealth as shown by the lavishness of its tombs. This was probably due to the fact that Ur acted as the main harbour for trade with India, which put her in a strategic position to import and trade vast quantities of gold, carnelian or lapis lazuli. In comparison, the burials of the kings of Kish were much less lavish. High-prowed Summerian ships may have traveled as far as Meluhha, thought to be the Indus region, for trade.
Exports
[edit]Imports
[edit]Royal cemetery at Ur
[edit]The Royal Cemetery at Ur held the tombs of several rulers of the first dynasty of Ur. The tombs are particularly lavish, and testify to the wealth of the first dynasty. One of the most famous tombs is that of Puabi. The artifacts found in the royal tombs of the dynasty show that foreign trade was particularly active during this period, with many materials coming from foreign lands, such as carnelian likely coming from the Indus or Iran, lapis Lazuli from the Badakhshan area of Afghanistan, silver from Turkey, copper from Oman, and gold from several locations such as Egypt, Nubia, Turkey or Iran. Carnelian beads from the Indus were found in Ur tombs dating to 2600-2450, in an example of Indus-Mesopotamia relations. In particular, carnelian beads with an etched design in white were probably imported from the Indus Valley, and made according to a technique developed by the Harappans. These materials were used into the manufacture of beautiful objects in the workshops of Ur.
Demise
[edit]Genealogy
[edit]A-Imdugud | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ur-Pabilsag | |||||||||||||||||||||
Akalamdug | |||||||||||||||||||||
Puabi | Meskalamdug | Ninbanda | |||||||||||||||||||
Mesannepada | |||||||||||||||||||||
A'annepada | |||||||||||||||||||||
Gallery
[edit]-
The Ram in a Thicket from the Royal Cemetery at Ur. Currently located in the British Museum.
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The Standard of Ur from the Royal Cemetery at Ur. Currently located in the British Museum.
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Reconstructed Sumerian headgear necklaces found in the tomb of Puabi from the Royal Cemetery at Ur. Currently located in the British Museum.
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Scepter from tomb PG 1236.
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Weapons from tomb PG 789.
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Copper alloy axe.
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Silver model of a boat from tomb PG 789.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Sumerian: ๐, romanized: lugal; transliterated: lรบ.gal; lugal; lit. 'big man'.
- ^ The Sumerian king list (SKL) is a regnal list that records up to 139 kings said to have held the kingship (Sumerian: ๐๐, romanized: nam-lugal) over all of Sumer (Sumerian: ๐ ๐๐, romanized: kiรฉn-gฬi(-r)).
- ^ Sumerian: ๐บ๐ผ๐, romanized: lugal kiลกki; transliterated: lugal kiลกki.
- ^ Sumerian: ๐๐ฆ๐ , romanized: lugal kalam-ma; transliterated: lugal kalam.ma.
- ^ Sumerian: ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ฆ, romanized: รฉn kiรฉn-gฬi(-r) lugal kalam
- ^ Sumerian: ๐บ๐ผ๐, lit. 'รฉnsรญ'; transliterated: pa.te.si; ensiโ; lit. 'lord of the plowland'.
- ^ [] Error: [undefined] Error: {{Langx}}: missing language tag (help): no text (help)