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Lemminkäinen Suite
Tone poems by Jean Sibelius
The young composer (c. 1896)
CatalogueOp. 22
Composed1893–96 (r. 1897, 1900, 1939)
PublisherBreitkopf & Härtel
DurationApprox. 45–50 minutes
Movements4
Premiere
Date13 April 1896 (1896-04-13)
LocationHelsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland
ConductorJean Sibelius
PerformersHelsinki Orchestral Society

The Lemminkäinen Suite (Finnish title: Lemminkäis-sarjaan; subtitled Four Legends from the Kalevala; sometimes referred to as the Lemminkäinen Legends), Op. 22, is a four-movement symphonic work for orchestra written from 1893–96 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius.

suite of four tone poems for orchestra written from 1893–96 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. The suite, which emerged from the remnants of the composer's discarded, mythological opera The Building of the Boat, premiered on 13 April 1896 in Helsinki with Sibelius conducting the Helsinki Orchestral Society. Each tone poem depicts a different episode from the life of Lemminkäinen, a hero from the Kalevala, Finland's national epic.

The second tone poem, The Swan of Tuonela, is the most popular of the four legends and is often performed as a stand-alone piece.

History

[edit]
Robert Kajanus (left) only liked two of the four movements; an ad from Uusi Suometar [fi] (right) announcing Lemminkäinen's 1896 premiere.
Cartoon by Alex Federley of the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius; it references his Op. 22/2 tone poem.

Composition

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Premiere

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Withdrawal and early revisions

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Later revisions and reunification

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Scoring

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Scores:

Structure

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I. Lemminkäinen and the Maidens of the Island

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The Departure of Lemminkäinen from the Island (1899), by the Finnish painter Pekka Halonen

The first tone poem (Finnish title: Lemminkäinen ja saaren neidot)

  • 1895; r. 1897, 1939
  • first version is extant, second version is lost[1]
  • occasionally mistranslated as Lemminkäinen and the Maidens of Saari[2]

II. The Swan of Tuonela

[edit]

The second tone poem (Finnish title: Tuonelan joutsen)

  • 1893–95;[3] r. 1897, 1900
  • originally No. 3 of Lemminkäinen[4][1]
  • first and second versions are lost
  • often performed as a stand-alone concert piece

III. Lemminkäinen in Tuonela

[edit]
Lemminkäinen's Mother at Tuonela (1862), by the Finnish painter Robert Wilhelm Ekman
Lemminkäinen's Mother, an 1897 painting by Akseli Gallen-Kallela: She is shown having just gathered the broken body of her son from the dark river of Tuonela.

The third tone poem (Finnish title: Lemminkäinen Tuonelassa)

  • 1895; r.&nbsp1897, 1939
  • originally No. 2 of Lemminkäinen[4]
  • first version is extant, second version is lost[1]

IV. Lemminkäinen's Return

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The Finnish conductor Robert Kajanus (c. 1910), who encouraged Sibelius publish Nos. 2, 4

The fourth tone poem (Finnish title: Lemminkäinen palaa kotitienoille)

  • 1895; r.&nbsp1897, 1900
  • first version is extant, second version is lost
  • also translated as Lemminkäinen's Homeward Journey

Reception

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Analysis

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Piecemeal publication

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Categorizing Lemminkäinen – Is it a symphony?

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Discography

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The sortable table below lists commercially available recordings of Lemminkäinen Suite:

No. Conductor Orchestra Rec.[a] Time Recording venue Label Ref. Link
1 Eugene Ormandy (1) Philadelphia Orchestra (1) 1951 44:40 Philadelphia Academy of Music CBS (Columbia), Forgotten Records
[5]
2 Thomas Jensen Danish State Radio Symphony Orchestra 1953 ??:?? [Unknown], Copenhagen Decca
[6]
3 Tauno Hannikainen USSR Radio Symphony Orchestra Melodiya
[7]
4 Sixten Ehrling Stockholm Radio Symphony Orchestra (1) ???? ??:?? ???? Capitol
[8]
5 Lukas Foss Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra 1968 43:43 Kleinhans Music Hall Nonesuch
[9]
6 Jussi Jalas Hungarian State Symphony Orchestra 1973 44:29 [Unknown], Budapest Records
[10]
7 Sir Charles Groves Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra 1973 to 75 ??:?? Liverpool Philharmonic Hall EMI Classics
[11]
8 Okko Kamu Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra (1) 1975 45:10† "Helsinki Concert Hall" Deutsche Grammophon
[12]
9 Eugene Ormandy (2) Philadelphia Orchestra (2) 1978 ??:?? Philadelphia Metropolitan Opera House EMI Classics
[13]
 [1][2][3]
10 Sir Alexander Gibson (1) Scottish National Orchestra 1978 44:51 Usher Hall Chandos
[14]
 [4]
11 Horst Stein Orchestre de la Suisse Romande 1980 43:05 Victoria Hall Decca
[15]
 [5]
12 Neemi Järvi (1) Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra (1) 1985 49:40 Gothenburg Concert Hall BIS
[16]
 [6]
13 Sir Alexander Gibson (2) Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 1989 43:59 St John's, Smith Square Collins Classics
[17]
 [7]
14 Jukka-Pekka Saraste (1) Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra (2) 1989 47:09 Kulttuuritalo RCA Red Seal
[18]
 [8]
15 Esa-Pekka Salonen Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra 1991 45:07† Royce Hall Sony Classical
[19]
 [9]
16 Vassily Sinaisky Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra 1991 48:18 Mosfilm Studios Brilliant Classics
[20]
 [10]
17 Pierre Bartholomée Orchestre Philharmonique de Liège 1995 41:32 Royal Conservatory of Liège Auvidis
[21]
 [11]
18 Leif Segerstam Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra 1995 50:04† Järvenpää Hall [fi] Ondine
[22]
 [12]
19 Paavo Järvi Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra (2) 1996 49:23 Stockholm Concert Hall Virgin Classics
[23]
 [13]
20 Neemi Järvi (2) Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra (2) 1996 43:28 Gothenburg Concert Hall Deutsche Grammophon
[24]
 [14]
21 Petri Sakari [fi] Iceland Symphony Orchestra 1997 48:36† University Hall, Reykjavik Naxos
[25]
 [15]
22 Jukka-Pekka Saraste (2) Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra (3) 1998 45:58† Vienna Concert Hall Classica
[26]
 [16]
23 Jukka-Pekka Saraste (3) Toronto Symphony Orchestra 1998 46:01† Massey Hall Finlandia
[27]
 [17]
24 Osmo Vänskä (1) Lahti Symphony Orchestra (1) 1999 49:08 Ristinkirkko BIS
[28]
 [18]
25 Mikko Franck Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra 1999 53:48 Berwald Hall Ondine
[29]
 [19]
26 Sir Colin Davis London Symphony Orchestra 2000 51:47 Watford Colosseum RCA Red Seal
[30]
 [20]
27 Osmo Vänskä (2) Lahti Symphony Orchestra (2) 2007 47:06 Sibelius Hall BIS
[31]
 [21]
28 Hannu Lintu Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra (4) 2014 47:44 Helsinki Music Centre Ondine
[32]
 [22]
29 Sakari Oramo BBC Symphony Orchestra 2018 46:19† Watford Colosseum Chandos
[33]
 [23]
30 Susanna Mälkki Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra 2023 49:36 Helsinki Music Centre BIS
[34]
 [24]

† This recording utilizes the original ordering of movements, placing The Swan of Tuonela third and Lemminkäinen in Tuonela second.

The Swan of Tuonela Discography

[edit]
No. Conductor Orchestra Cor anglais Rec.[b] Time Recording venue Label Ref.
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[e]
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[f]
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[k]
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[l]
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[m]
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[n]
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[o]
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[p]
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[q]
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[r]
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[s]
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[t]
28 Pierre Bartholomée Orchestre Philharmonique de Liège can't find CD notes 1995 7:13 † Royal Conservatory of Liège Auvidis
[u]
29 Leif Segerstam Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra Sanna Niemikunnas 1995 9:56 † Järvenpää Hall [fi] Ondine
[v]
30 Paavo Järvi Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra Jesper Harryson 1996 9:49 † Stockholm Concert Hall Virgin Classics / Erato
[w]
31 Sir Andrew Davis (1) Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra can't find CD notes 1996 8:17 Stockholm Concert Hall Finlandia
[x]
32 Neemi Järvi (2) Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra (2) Björn Bohlin 1996 7:37 † Gothenburg Concert Hall Deutsche Grammophon
[y]
33 Ole Schmidt Royal Philharmonic Orchestra Geoffrey Browne 1996 8:18 Cine-Tele Sound (CTS) Studios Intersound
[z]
34 Petri Sakari [fi] Iceland Symphony Orchestra Daði Kolbeinsson 1997 9:07 † University Hall, Reykjavik Naxos
[aa]
35 Jukka-Pekka Saraste (2) Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra (3) Päivi Kärkäs 1998 L 8:26 † Vienna Concert Hall Classica
[ab]
36 Jukka-Pekka Saraste (3) Toronto Symphony Orchestra can't find CD notes 1998 9:02 † Massey Hall Finlandia
[ac]
37 Osmo Vänskä (1) Lahti Symphony Orchestra (1) Jukka Hirvikangas (1) 1999 9:27 † Ristinkirkko BIS
[ad]
38 Mikko Franck Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra Bo Eriksson 1999 10:11 † Berwald Hall Ondine
[ae]
39 Sir Colin Davis London Symphony Orchestra [uncredited] 2000 10:53 † Watford Colosseum RCA Red Seal
[af]
40 Anu Tali Estonian-Finnish Symphony Orchestra Pirjo Leppänen 2001 9:02 Estonia Concert Hall, Tallin Finlandia
[ag]
41 Eiji Oue Minnesota Orchestra Marni Hougham 2002 9:30 Orchestral Hall, Minneapolis Reference Recordings
[ah]
. Esa Heikkilä [fi] Potentia Sinfonica [fi] Saara Kemppi 2004 8:27 Ristinkirkko Potentia Sinfonica
[ai]
42 Paavo Berglund London Philharmonic Orchestra Sue Böhling 2006 L 9:12 Queen Elizabeth Hall LPO
[aj]
43 Vladimir Ashkenazy Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra Andreas Lemke 2007 8:45 Stockholm Concert Hall Exton [ja]
[ak]
44 Osmo Vänskä (2) Lahti Symphony Orchestra (2) Jukka Hirvikangas (2) 2007 9:10 † Sibelius Hall BIS
[al]
45 John Storgårds BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra James Horan 2009 L 8:45 Glasgow City Halls BBC Music Magazine
[am]
46 Sir Andrew Davis (2) Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra Hege Sellevåg 2013 8:16 Grieg Hall Chandos
[an]
47 Hannu Lintu Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra [uncredited] 2014 9:07 † Helsinki Music Centre Ondine
[ao]
48 Sir Simon Rattle Berlin Philharmonic Dominik Wollenweber [ru] 2014 L 8:57 Great Hall, Berliner Philharmonie Supraphon
[ap]
49 Sakari Oramo BBC Symphony Orchestra Alison Teale 2018 8:52 † Watford Colosseum Chandos
[aq]
50 Thomas Søndergård BBC National Orchestra of Wales Sarah-Jayne Porsmoguer 2018 9:12 BBC Hoddinott Hall Linn
[ar]
. Bernard Heinze Melbourne Symphony Orchestra Nancy Simona 1973 8:34 vvvv ABC Classics
[as]

† = Belongs to a recording of the entire Lemminkäinen Suite

  1. ^ Refers to the year in which the performers recorded the work; this may not be the same as the year in which the recording was first released to the general public.
  2. ^ Refers to the year in which the performers recorded the work; this may not be the same as the year in which the recording was first released to the general public.
  3. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  4. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  5. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  6. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  7. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  8. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  9. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  10. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  11. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  12. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  13. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  14. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  15. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  16. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  17. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  18. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  19. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  20. ^ [ N. Name—Label () yyyy]
  21. ^ P. Bartholomée—Auvidis (V 4746) 1995
  22. ^ L. Segerstam—Ondine (ODE 852–2) 1996
  23. ^ P. Järvi—Erato (5220552) 1996
  24. ^ A. Davis—Finlandia (0630–15242–2) 1997
  25. ^ N. Järvi—DG (453 426–2) 1997
  26. ^ O. Schmidt—Intersound (2891) 2000
  27. ^ [ P. Sakari—Naxos (8.554265) 1999]
  28. ^ J. Saraste—Classica (CL 138) 1999
  29. ^ [ J. Saraste—Finlandia (3984–27890–2) 2000]
  30. ^ O. Vänskä—BIS (CD–1015) 1999
  31. ^ M. Franck—Ondine (ODE 953–2) 2000
  32. ^ C. Davis—RCA Red Seal (82876–55706–2) 2003
  33. ^ A. Tali—Finlandia (8573–89876–2) 2001
  34. ^ E. Oue—Reference Recordings (RR99–CD) 2002
  35. ^ E. Heikkilä—Potentia Sinfonica (PSCD–05) 2004
  36. ^ P. Berglund—LPO (LPO–0065) 2012
  37. ^ V. Ashkenazy—Exton (OVCL–00292) 2007
  38. ^ O. Vänskä—BIS (SACD–1745) 2014
  39. ^ J. Storgårds—BBC Music Magazine (BBCMM380) 2015
  40. ^ A. Davis—Chandos (CHSA 5134) 2014
  41. ^ H. Lintu—Ondine (ODE 1262–5) 2015
  42. ^ S. Rattle—Supraphon (SU 4303–2) 2021
  43. ^ S. Oramo—Chandos (CHAN–20136) 2019
  44. ^ T. Søndergård—Linn (CKD 566) 2019
  45. ^ B. Heinze—ABC Classics (ABC4766450) 2008
  1. ^ a b c Barnett 2007, p. 375.
  2. ^ Johnson 1959, p. 71–72.
  3. ^ Goss 1996, p. 342.
  4. ^ a b Tawaststjerna 1976, p. 166.
  5. ^ E. Ormandy—???? ().
  6. ^ T. Jensen—Decca (442 948–7) & ????.
  7. ^ T. Hannikainen—Melodiya ().
  8. ^ S. Ehrling—Capitol (P8226) & ????.
  9. ^ L. Foss—Nonesuch (H–71203) 1968.
  10. ^ J. Jalas—Decca (482 331–1).
  11. ^ C. Groves—EMI (7243 5 85532 2 2).
  12. ^ O. Kamu—DG (480 329–7) & ????.
  13. ^ E. Ormandy—EMI Classics (0946 3 88679 2 0) 2007.
  14. ^ A. Gibson—Chandos (CHAN 6586) 2004.
  15. ^ H. Stein—Decca (466 687–2) 2000.
  16. ^ N. Järvi—BIS (CD–294) 1985.
  17. ^ A. Gibson—Collins (30132) 1992.
  18. ^ J. Saraste—RCA (09026 60575 2) 1992.
  19. ^ E. Salonen—Sony (SK 48 067) 1992.
  20. ^ V. Sinaisky—Brilliant (BC 9212) 2010.
  21. ^ P. Bartholomée—Auvidis (V 4746) 1995.
  22. ^ L. Segerstam—Ondine (ODE 852–2) & ????.
  23. ^ P. Järvi—Virgin (7243 5 45213 2 4) 1996.
  24. ^ N. Järvi—DG (453 426–2) 1997.
  25. ^ P. Sakari—Naxos (8.554265) 1999.
  26. ^ J. Saraste—Classica (CL 138) 1999.
  27. ^ J. Saraste—Finlandia (3984–27890–2) 2000.
  28. ^ O. Vänskä—BIS (CD–1015) 1999.
  29. ^ M. Franck—Ondine (ODE 953–2) 2000.
  30. ^ C. Davis—RCA Red Seal (82876–55706–2) 2003.
  31. ^ O. Vänskä—BIS (SACD–1745) 2014.
  32. ^ H. Lintu—Ondine (ODE 1262–5) 2015.
  33. ^ S. Oramo—Chandos (CHAN–20136) 2019.
  34. ^ S. Mälkki—BIS (BIS–2638) 2023.
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