User:Sherwall15/sandbox

Found credible source to input as a citation for facts presented at the opening of the article:

http://www.wsspc.org/resources-reports/tsunami-center/significant-tsunami-events/1946-aleutians-tsunami/

Identified plagiarism in the statement: "The tsunami obliterated the Scotch Cap Lighthouse on Unimak Island, Alaska among others, and killed all five lighthouse keepers"; added credible source as citation.

Added more information from a live science article and connected that information to outside links, including areas in California and Chile:

http://www.livescience.com/3732-mystery-deadly-1946-tsunami-deepens.html

Brown Ocean Effect

Searched for plagiarism throughout the article, but found that there was not anything in need of correction. All of the references included by the original editor stand.

Located more detailed information about the NASA study and added it into the article to clarify the research

A 2013 NASA study found that, from 1979-2008, 45 of 227 tropical storms either gained or maintained strength after making landfall.

http://www.foxnews.com/us/2015/06/15/abundant-soil-moisture-could-trigger-brown-ocean-effect-strengthen-storm-as-it.html

Added outside link to NASAs hurricane and tropical storm research cite as an additional reference with more detailed information concerning the study applied to the article

Entered more detailed information about the origination of TCMIs and a link to extratropical storms

Originally, countless research devoted to extratropical cyclones, storms that first derive energy from the warm ocean waters and later from the conjecture of various air masses, explained the intensification of storms after landfall. However, as research into these storm persists, Anderson and Shepherd, the two leading scientists behind the NASA study, discovered that some of these storms were not transitioning from warm-core to cold-core but were actually maintaining their warm-core dynamics, while ultimately outputting a greater measure of rainfall

Anderson states "Until events like Erin in 2007, there was not much focus on post-landfall tropical cyclones unless they transitioned. Erin really brought attention to the inland intensification of tropical cyclones."

In order for the brown ocean effect to take place, three land conditions must be met: " First, the lower level of the atmosphere mimics a tropical atmosphere with minimal variation in temperature. Second, soils in the vicinity of the storms need to contain ample moisture. Finally, evaporation of the soil moisture releases latent heat, which the team found must measure at least 70 watts averaged per square meter."

Anderson and Shepherd are also examining the effects of climate change on TCMIs, looking into the potential intensification of these storms due to increase or decrease in the degree of wetness and dryness in areas susceptible to these systems.

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/main/index.html

Added more information about the example storms listed from a new scientific journal source

Tropical Storm Erin of 2007 is an example of the effect, when the storm intensified over Central Texas, eventually forming an eye over Oklahoma. Tropical Storm Erin gained even more traction as it travelled across the plains, a rare feat as most tropical storms weaken as they go farther inland

added information regarding location

While these systems are highly common in the United States and China, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) names Australia the most conducive environment after 30 years of research

added link to NOAA

http://www.livescience.com/38239-brown-oceans-fuel-hurricanes-tropical-cyclones.html

1999 Duzce Earthquake https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_D%C3%BCzce_earthquake

Checked article for plagiarism, found credible source to tailor existing information to and cite

Source: The November 1999 Duzce Earthquake: Post-Earthquake Investigation of the Structures on the TEM

5,000 injuries, 894 deaths recorded along with damages, substantial damage to viaducts and a tunnel

causing severe material damage as well as 894 fatalities and 5,000 injuries in Duzce, Turkey, located in the Bolu province

Added another name for reference to find more information about the August 17, 1999 Earthquake (Kocaeli Earthquake)

Seismologists attribute the November 12 earthquake to the stress induced after the August 17 earthquake

added information about PGA and added link to Wikipedia article about PGA

"A 1.0g Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) was measured at the epicenter, however, there were very few instruments in this region and they failed when acceleration exceeded 1.0g"

"Seismologists attribute the event on November 12 to the stress exerted on the fault after the Kocaeli earthquake three months prior."

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/structures/00146.pdf

Source: Strong Motion Acceleration Records by KOERI Earthquake Engineering Department

Bolu province Wikipedia link

rupture classification- right-lateral strike-slip along the Duzce-Bolu segment of the North Anatolian Faut

information about detection system, few instruments located in the area

External links to Ankara and Istanbul, information about damages

"The majority of the damage caused by the Duzce event was concentrated in the town of Kaynasli, located along the span of higway connecting Istanbul and Ankara. A landslide prompted by the earthquake led to the collaps of two lanes of this four lane highway."

http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/depremmuh/eski/eqspecials/duzce/duzceq.htm

Pneumococcal Pneumonia The original article presented information without any sources. Cited: "Pneumococcal pneumonia is a type of bacterial pneumonia that is specifically caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae is also called pneumococcus." with Pneumococcal Pneumonia, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, U.S. Department of Health. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/pneumonia/Pages/default.aspx Identified plagiarism in the statements: "Simple, uncomplicated cases of pneumococcal pneumonia will begin to respond to antibiotics in 48 to 72 hours. Full recovery from pneumonia, however, is greatly dependent on the age and overall health of the individual. Normally, healthy and younger patients can recover in only a few days, while the elderly or otherwise weakened individuals may not recover for several weeks. Complications may develop which give a poorer prognosis. Even when promptly and properly diagnosed, such weakened patients may die of their pneumonia." from the Free Dictionary by Farlex. Cited the sentence: "It is the most common bacterial pneumonia in adults" with Pneumonia Causes, The Mayo Clinic http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/basics/causes/CON-20020032 Corrected uncited material by creating a "Symptoms" section including the following information from a reliable source: "The symptoms of pneumococcal pneumonia can occur suddenly, typically presenting as a severe chill, later including a severe fever, cough, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and chest pains. Other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue, and muscle aches could also accompany the original symptoms." http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/pneumonia/Pages/default.aspx To correct the plagiarized material and expound upon existing information, I added a "Treatment and Prevention" section: "In most cases, once pneumococcal pneumonia has been identified, doctors will prescribe antibiotics. These antibiotic usually help alleviate and eliminate symptoms between 12 and 36 hours after being taken. Despite most antibiotics' effectiveness in treating the disease, sometimes the bacteria can resist the antibiotics, causing symptoms to worsen. Additionally, age an health of the infected patient can contribute to the effectiveness of the antibiotics. A vaccine has also been developed for the prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia, recommended to children under age five as well as adults over the age of 65." http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/pneumonia/Pages/default.aspx Added general information from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention: "The estimated number of Americans with pneumococcal pneumonia is 900,000 annually, with almost 400,000 cases hospitalized and fatalities accounting for 5-7% of these cases" http://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/about/facts.html Added information from My Health News Daily, "Flu Infection Needed for the Spread of Pneumonia or Meningitis" by Amanda Chan: "While it has been commonly known that the influenza virus increases one's chances of contracting pneumonia or meningitis caused by the streptocoocus pneumonaie bacteria, new medical research in mice indicates that the flu is actually a necessary component for the transmission of the disease. Researcher Dimitri Diavatopoulo from the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre in the Netherlands describes his observations in mice, stating that in these animals, the spread of the bacteria only occurs between animals already infected with the influenza virus, not between those without it. He says that these findings have only been inclusive in mice, however, he believes that the same could be true for humans." http://www.livescience.com/13665-pneumonia-meningitis-flu-spread.html Added Wikipedia link to Influenza Virus as well as Meningitis. Added external link to the University Medical Centre.