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User:Shaddizal/Therapeutic ultrasound

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Medical uses

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Relatively high-energy ultrasound can break up stony deposits, ablate tissue, accelerate the effect of drugs in a targeted area, assist in the measurement of the elastic properties of tissue, and can be used to sort cells or small particles for research.

Calcium oxalate (a type of kidney stone) fragments collected after treatment with lithotripsy.

Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy

  • Extracorporeal shockwave therapy involves focused, high-energy ultrasound pulses that can be used to break solid masses into fragments.[1] This is often utilized to break up calculi such as kidney stones and gallstones into pieces small enough to be passed from the body without undue difficulty, a procedure known as lithotripsy. The success of lithotripsy depends on the size and location of the stone, and the patient's age.[1]
The top probe highlights the use of ultrasound for diagnostic purposes such as imaging tissue. The bottom probe demonstrates the use of ultrasound for therapeutic benefits, which often utilize high-energy, focused ultrasound beams.

Oncology

  • Ultrasound can ablate tumors or other tissue non-invasively.[2] This is accomplished using a technique known as high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), also called focused ultrasound surgery. This procedure uses generally lower frequencies than medical diagnostic ultrasound (250–2000 kHz), but significantly higher time-averaged intensities. The treatment is often guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); the combination is then referred to as magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound. In the clinical setting, HIFU techniques are currently being investigated to treat liver, kidney, and prostatic tumors.[3]

Ophthalmology

Enhanced drug uptake using acoustic targeted drug delivery

Drug Delivery

  • Delivering chemotherapy to brain cancer cells and various drugs to other tissues is called acoustic targeted drug delivery.[6] These procedures generally use high frequency ultrasound (1–10 MHz) and a range of intensities (0–20 W/cm2). The acoustic energy is focused on the tissue of interest to agitate the cellular matrix and make it more permeable for therapeutic drugs.[7]
  • Ultrasound has been used to trigger the release of anti-cancer drugs from delivery vectors including liposomes, polymeric microspheres and self-assembled polymeric.[8]
  • Phonophoresis is a form of soft tissue treatment that involves the use of ultrasound combined with medication gels to enhance drug delivery to the desired area.[9]
Shown in this picture are varicose veins that would be targeted with ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy.

Vascular Surgery

Plastic Surgery


[Move this section to Physical Therapy] There are three potential therapeutic mechanisms of ultrasound in physical therapy. The first is the increase in blood flow in the treated area.[13][14] The second is the decrease in pain from the reduction of swelling and edema.[14] The third is the gentle massage of muscle tendons and ligaments in the treated area because no strain is added and existing scar tissue may be softened with ultrasound.[14] These three benefits are achieved by two main effects of therapeutic ultrasound: thermal and non-thermal effects.[14] Thermal effects are due to the absorption of the sound waves and result in heating of biological tissue. Non-thermal effects are from cavitation, microstreaming and acoustic streaming.[15][14]

Cavitation is the main non-thermal effect of therapeutic ultrasound.[13][14] Cavitation results from the vibration of tissue causing microscopic bubbles to form. These microscopic bubbles may directly stimulate cell membranes and cause shockwaves within the tissue.[13] This physical stimulation appears to enhance the cell-repair effects of the inflammatory response.

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References

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  1. ^ a b Paonessa, Jessica E.; Lingeman, James E. (2014-02-14), Grasso, Michael; Goldfarb, David S. (eds.), "Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Generators and Treatment Techniques", Urinary Stones (1 ed.), Wiley, pp. 216–226, doi:10.1002/9781118405390.ch18, ISBN 978-1-118-40543-7, retrieved 2024-11-11
  2. ^ Matthews, Michael J.; Stretanski, Michael F. (2024), "Ultrasound Therapy", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 31613497, retrieved 2024-11-11
  3. ^ Sandilos, Georgianna; Butchy, Margaret Virginia; Koneru, Manisha; Gongalla, Shivsai; Sensenig, Richard; Hong, Young Ki (2024-08-01). "Histotripsy – hype or hope? Review of innovation and future implications". Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 28 (8): 1370–1375. doi:10.1016/j.gassur.2024.05.038. ISSN 1091-255X.
  4. ^ Yow, L.; Basti, S. (December 1997). "Physical and mechanical principles of phacoemulsification and their clinical relevance". Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 45 (4): 241–249. ISSN 0301-4738. PMID 9567023.
  5. ^ a b Silverman, Ronald H. (2016). "Focused ultrasound in ophthalmology". Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.). 10: 1865–1875. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S99535. ISSN 1177-5467. PMC 5053390. PMID 27757007.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ^ Lewis GK, Olbricht WL, Lewis GK (February 2008). "Acoustically enhanced Evans blue dye perfusion in neurological tissues". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2 (1): 20001–200017. doi:10.1121/1.2890703. PMC 3011869. PMID 21197390.
  7. ^ Lewis GK, Olbricht W (2007). "A phantom feasibility study of acoustic enhanced drug perfusion in neurological tissue". 2007 IEEE/NIH Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop. p. 67. doi:10.1109/LSSA.2007.4400886. ISBN 978-1-4244-1812-1. S2CID 31498698.
  8. ^ Mo S, Coussios CC, Seymour L, Carlisle R (December 2012). "Ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery for cancer". Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 9 (12): 1525–1538. doi:10.1517/17425247.2012.739603. PMID 23121385. S2CID 31178343.
  9. ^ Wu Y, Zhu S, Lv Z, Kan S, Wu Q, Song W, et al. (December 2019). "Effects of therapeutic ultrasound for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Clinical Rehabilitation. 33 (12): 1863–1875. doi:10.1177/0269215519866494. PMID 31382781. S2CID 199452082.
  10. ^ Davies, Huw OB; Popplewell, Matthew; Darvall, Katy; Bate, Gareth; Bradbury, Andrew W (May 2016). "A review of randomised controlled trials comparing ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy with endothermal ablation for the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins". Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease. 31 (4): 234–240. doi:10.1177/0268355515595194. ISSN 0268-3555.
  11. ^ Kim, Gun Ha; Kim, Pyeong Hwa; Shin, Ji Hoon; Nam, In Chul; Chu, Hee Ho; Ko, Heung-Kyu (2022-03-01). "Ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy for the treatment of ovarian endometrioma: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis". European Radiology. 32 (3): 1726–1737. doi:10.1007/s00330-021-08270-5. ISSN 1432-1084.
  12. ^ a b Shiffman, Melvin A.; Di Giuseppe, Alberto (2006). Liposuction: Principles and Practice. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/3-540-28043-x. ISBN 978-3-540-28042-2.
  13. ^ a b c Matthews, Michael J.; Stretanski, Michael F. (2024), "Ultrasound Therapy", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 31613497, retrieved 2024-11-11
  14. ^ a b c d e f Baker, Kerry G; Robertson, Valma J; Duck, Francis A (2001-07-01). "A Review of Therapeutic Ultrasound: Biophysical Effects". Physical Therapy. 81 (7): 1351–1358. doi:10.1093/ptj/81.7.1351. ISSN 0031-9023.
  15. ^ Mo S, Coussios CC, Seymour L, Carlisle R (December 2012). "Ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery for cancer". Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 9 (12): 1525–1538. doi:10.1517/17425247.2012.739603. PMID 23121385. S2CID 31178343.
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