User:SethAllen623/Vital articles/Level/5/Language

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Language is the term used to refer to a structured communication system based on speech, gesture, writing, and sign. The structure and free components of a language are grammar and vocabulary, respectively. Languages generally include writing systems that enable sounds or signs to be recorded for later reactivation. Human language is unique among systems of animal communication in that it does not depend on a single means of transmission, is highly variable among cultures and across time, and affords a much wider range of expression than other systems. Language also refers to the cognitive ability to learn and use such a communication system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics.

This user-made vital articles sublist includes 1,260 subjects related to language for which I personally believe the English Wikipedia should have corresponding articles. Articles are labeled based on their quality as outlined below.

• Featured articles
• Former featured articles
• A-class articles
• Good articles
• Delisted good articles
• B-class articles
• C-class articles
• Start-class articles
• Stub-class articles
• List-class articles
• Unassessed
• A full list is at Template:Icon/doc.

Language (quota: 1,180 articles)

General (quota: 430 articles)

1. Language
   1. Origin of language
2. Artificial language
3. First language
4. Constructed language
5. Cultural emphasis
6. Escagraph
7. Fluency
8. Intensifier
9. Interpretive discussion
10. Language complexity
11. Language game
12. Language preservation
13. Lingua franca
14. Literacy
    1. Reading
15. Metafunction
16. Natural language
17. Philology
18. Pidgin
19. Pronunciation
20. Second language
21. Speech
    1. Origin of speech
    2. Speech processing
22. Standard language
23. Translation
    1. Language interpretation
24. Visual language
25. World language
26. Writing
    1. Alphabet
    2. Diacritic
    3. Letter
    4. Orthography
    5. Syllabary
    6. Transliteration
    7. Writing system

Language acquisition (13 articles)

1. Language acquisition
2. Babbling
3. Cluttering
4. Crib talk
5. Extensive reading
6. Input hypothesis
7. Interlanguage
8. Language development
9. Phonological development
10. Second-language acquisition
11. Sequential bilingualism
12. Speech repetition
13. Vocabulary development

Language mechanics (57 articles)

Grammar (49 articles)

1. Grammar
2. Syntax
   1. Theta role
3. Sentence
4. Clause
5. Phrase
   1. Proverb
   2. Idiom
6. Affirmation and negation
7. Comparison
   1. Comparative
8. Declension
9. Description
10. Determiner
11. Final clause
12. Formal grammar
13. Function word
14. Grammatical aspect
15. Grammatical case
16. Grammatical category
17. Grammatical conjugation
18. Grammatical mood
19. Grammatical number
20. Grammatical tense
21. Inflection
22. Nominalization
23. Possessive
24. Punctuation
    1. Apostrophe
    2. Bracket
    3. Colon
    4. Comma
       1. Serial comma
    5. Dash
    6. Ellipsis
    7. Exclamation mark
    8. Full stop
    9. Guillemet
    10. Hyphen
    11. Question mark
    12. Quotation mark
    13. Semicolon
    14. Interpunct
    15. Slash
        1. Backslash
    16. Space
25. Reduplication
26. Speech act
27. Systemic functional linguistics

Spelling (8 articles)

1. Spelling
2. Cacography
3. Official script
4. Phonemic orthography
5. Silent letter
6. Spelling pronunciation
7. Spelling reform
8. Typographical error

Linguistics (72 articles)

1. Linguistics
2. Lexicology
3. Linguistic typology

Applied linguistics (8 articles)

1. Applied linguistics
2. Computational linguistics
3. Contrastive linguistics
4. Evolutionary linguistics
5. Forensic linguistics
6. Internet linguistics
7. Neurolinguistics
8. Psycholinguistics

Descriptive linguistics (29 articles)

1. Anthropological linguistics
2. Comparative linguistics
3. Graphetics
4. Historical linguistics
   1. Etymology
   2. Language change
      1. Semantic change
      2. Sound change
         1. Grimm's law
         2. Phonological change
      3. Syntactic change
5. Linguistic description
6. Phonetics
   1. Consonant
      1. Rhotic consonant
   2. International Phonetic Alphabet
   3. Prosody
   4. Vowel
      1. Schwa
7. Sociolinguistics
   1. Accent
   2. Code-switching
   3. Dialect
   4. Diglossia
   5. Endangered language
   6. Language death
   7. Multilingualism
      1. Bilingual education
   8. Slang

Theoretical linguistics (32 articles)

1. Theoretical linguistics
2. Cognitive linguistics
3. Functional linguistics
4. Generative grammar
   1. Lexis
5. Graphemics
6. Morphology
   1. Abbreviation
      1. Acronym
   2. Contraction
   3. Hypocorism
   4. Morpheme
7. Morphophonology
8. Phonology
   1. Phoneme
   2. Syllable
9. Quantitative linguistics
10. Semantics
    1. Euphemism
    2. Profanity
    3. Reference
11. Semiotics
    1. Pragmatics
    2. Sign
       1. Symbol
    3. Ideogram
       1. Pictogram
       2. Emoticon
       3. Emoji
       4. Heart symbol
       5. Human skull symbolism
       6. Smiley

Vocabulary (18 articles)

1. Vocabulary
   1. Word
2. Part of speech
   1. Noun
      1. Name
         1. Middle name
         2. Nickname
         3. Personal name
         4. Surname
      2. Proper noun and common noun
   2. Verb
   3. Adjective
   4. Article
   5. Adverb
   6. Conjunction
   7. Interjection
   8. Pronoun
   9. Preposition and postposition

Sound change and alternation (10 articles)

1. Alternation
2. Assimilation
3. Dissimilation
4. Elision
5. Epenthesis
6. Fortition
7. Lenition
8. Metathesis
9. Sandhi
10. Transphonologization

Language families (quota: 80 articles)

1. Language family
2. Afroasiatic languages
   1. Semitic languages
3. Algic languages
4. Altaic languages
5. Austroasiatic languages
6. Austronesian languages
   1. Oceanic languages
      1. Polynesian languages
7. Creole language
8. Dravidian languages
9. Eskimo–Aleut languages
10. Indo-European languages
    1. Celtic languages
    2. Indo-Aryan languages
    3. Romance languages
    4. Germanic languages
       1. Frisian languages
       2. North Germanic languages
    5. Iranian languages
    6. Slavic languages
11. Japonic languages
12. Kartvelian languages
13. Khoisan languages
14. Koreanic languages
15. Kra–Dai languages
16. Language isolate
17. Niger–Congo languages
    1. Bantu languages
18. Nilo-Saharan languages
19. Mayan languages
20. North Caucasian languages
21. Quechuan languages
22. Sign language
23. Sino-Tibetan languages
24. Trans–New Guinea languages
25. Tungusic languages
26. Turkic languages
27. Uralic languages
28. Uto-Aztecan languages

Alphabets and writing systems (quota: 100 articles)

1. Braille
2. Arabic script
   1. Arabic alphabet
   2. Persian alphabet
3. Brahmic scripts
4. Chinese characters
   1. Simplified Chinese characters
   2. Traditional Chinese characters
5. Cuneiform
6. Cyrillic script
   1. Cyrillic alphabets
7. Devanagari
8. Egyptian hieroglyphs
9. Georgian scripts
10. Greek alphabet
11. Hangul
12. Hebrew alphabet
13. Indus script
14. Japanese writing system
    1. Hiragana
    2. Kanji
    3. Katakana
15. Latin script
    1. Latin alphabet
16. Linear A
17. Linear B
18. Maya script
19. Mongolian script
20. Morse code
21. Phoenician alphabet
22. Rosetta Stone
23. Romanization
    1. Romanization of Arabic
    2. Romanization of Chinese
       1. Pinyin
    3. Romanization of Japanese
24. Runes
25. Thai script
26. Tibetan script

Specific languages (quota: 540 articles)

General (17 articles)

1. Abkhaz language
2. Avar language
3. Aymara language
4. Chechen language
5. Cherokee language
6. Cree language
7. Georgian language
8. Greenlandic language
9. Guarani language
10. Hmong language
11. Inuktitut
12. Inupiaq language
13. Kanuri language
14. Mongolian language
15. Nahuatl
16. Navajo language
17. Ojibwe language

Afroasiatic languages (24 articles)

1. Afar language
2. Akkadian language
3. Amharic
4. Arabic
   1. Classical Arabic
   2. Egyptian Arabic
   3. Levantine Arabic
   4. Maghrebi Arabic
   5. Modern Standard Arabic
   6. Moroccan Arabic
   7. Peninsular Arabic
   8. Maltese language
   9. Tunisian Arabic
5. Aramaic
   1. Syriac language
6. Berber languages
7. Egyptian language
   1. Coptic language
8. Hebrew language
   1. Modern Hebrew
9. Hausa language
10. Oromo language
11. Somali language
12. Tigrinya language

Austronesian languages (22 articles)

1. Cebuano language
2. Chamorro language
3. Fijian language
4. Gilbertese language
5. Hawaiian language
6. Hiri Motu
7. Indonesian language
8. Javanese language
9. Madurese language
10. Malagasy language
11. Malay language
12. Māori language
13. Marshallese language
14. Nauruan language
15. Samoan language
16. Sundanese language
17. Tagalog language
    1. Filipino language
18. Tahitian language
19. Tolai language
20. Tongan language
21. Tuvaluan language

Austro-Asiatic languages (2 articles)

1. Khmer language
2. Vietnamese language

Constructed languages (9 articles)

1. Esperanto
2. Ido
3. Interlingua
4. Interlingue
5. Interslavic language
6. Klingon language
7. Lojban
8. Toki Pona
9. Volapük

Creole languages (6 articles)

1. Bislama
2. Chavacano
3. Haitian Creole
4. Jamaican Patois
5. Sango language
6. Tok Pisin

Dravidian languages (4 articles)

1. Kannada
2. Malayalam
3. Tamil language
4. Telugu language

Indo-European languages (108 articles)

General (5 articles)

1. Albanian language
2. Armenian language
3. Greek language
   1. Ancient Greek
4. Hittite language

Celtic languages (6 articles)

1. Breton language
2. Cornish language
3. Irish language
4. Manx language
5. Scottish Gaelic
6. Welsh language

Indo-Aryan languages (18 articles)

1. Assamese language
2. Bengali language
3. Bihari languages
4. Bhojpuri language
5. Gujarati language
6. Hindustani language
   1. Hindi
   2. Urdu
7. Kashmiri language
8. Maldivian language
9. Marathi language
10. Nepali language
11. Odia language
12. Pali
13. Sanskrit
14. Sindhi language
15. Sinhala language
16. Punjabi language

Romance languages (24 articles)

1. Aragonese language
2. Catalan language
3. Corsican language
4. French language
   1. Middle French
   2. Old French
   3. Quebec French
   4. Standard French
5. Galician language
6. Italian language
   1. Regional Italian
7. Latin
   1. Classical Latin
   2. Latin grammar
   3. Medieval Latin
   4. Vulgar Latin
8. Occitan language
9. Portuguese language
10. Romanian language
    1. Moldovan language
11. Romansh language
12. Sardinian language
13. Spanish language
14. Walloon language

Germanic languages (33 articles)

1. Afrikaans
2. Danish language
3. Dutch language
4. English language
   1. Basic English
   2. Old English
   3. Middle English
   4. Early Modern English
   5. Modern English
      1. American English
         1. African-American Vernacular English
      2. Australian English
      3. British English
      4. Canadian English
      5. Indian English
      6. South African English
   6. Scots language
5. Faroese language
6. German language
   1. High German languages
      1. Pennsylvania German language
      2. Swiss German
   2. Low German
7. Gothic language
8. Icelandic language
9. Limburgish
10. Luxembourgish
11. Norwegian language
    1. Bokmål
    2. Nynorsk
12. Swedish language
13. West Frisian language
14. Yiddish

Iranian languages (6 articles)

1. Avestan
2. Kurdish languages
3. Ossetian language
4. Pashto
5. Persian language
   1. Tajik language

Baltic languages (2 articles)

1. Latvian language
2. Lithuanian language

Slavic languages (14 articles)

1. Belarusian language
2. Bulgarian language
3. Czech language
4. Macedonian language
5. Old Church Slavonic
6. Polish language
7. Russian language
8. Serbo-Croatian
   1. Bosnian language
   2. Croatian language
   3. Serbian language
9. Slovak language
10. Slovene language
11. Ukrainian language

Japonic languages (3 articles)

1. Hachijō language
2. Japanese language
3. Ryukyuan languages

Koreanic languages (2 articles)

1. Korean language
2. Jeju language

Kra–Dai languages (3 articles)

1. Lao language
2. Thai language
3. Zhuang languages

Language isolates (3 articles)

1. Basque language
2. Elamite language
3. Sumerian language

Niger–Congo languages (32 articles)

1. Akan language
2. Bambara language
3. Chewa language
4. Ewe language
5. Fula language
6. Igbo language
7. Kikuyu language
8. Kongo language
9. Lingala
10. Luba-Katanga language
11. Luganda
12. Herero language
13. Kinyarwanda
14. Kirundi
15. Mossi language
16. Northern Ndebele language
17. Ovambo language
    1. Ndonga dialect
    2. Kwanyama dialect
18. Shona language
19. Sotho language
20. Southern Ndebele language
21. Swahili language
22. Swazi language
23. Tsonga language
24. Tswana language
25. Twi
26. Venda language
27. Wolof language
28. Xhosa language
29. Yoruba language
30. Zulu language

Sign language (1 article)

1. American Sign Language

Sino-Tibetan languages (20 articles)

1. Burmese language
2. Chinese language
   1. Classical Chinese
   2. Gan Chinese
   3. Hakka Chinese
   4. Huizhou Chinese
   5. Mandarin Chinese
   6. Min Chinese
      1. Fuzhou dialect
      2. Southern Min
      3. Taiwanese Hokkien
   7. Wu Chinese
      1. Shanghainese
      2. Suzhou dialect
   8. Xiang Chinese
   9. Yue Chinese
      1. Cantonese
3. Dzongkha
4. Nuosu language
5. Standard Tibetan

Turkic languages (11 articles)

1. Azerbaijani language
2. Bashkir language
3. Chuvash language
4. Kazakh language
5. Kyrgyz language
6. Tatar language
7. Turkish language
8. Turkmen language
9. Tuvan language
10. Uyghur language
11. Uzbek language

Uralic languages (5 articles)

1. Estonian language
2. Finnish language
3. Hungarian language
4. Komi language
5. Northern Sami

The English language (quota: 30 articles)

1. English alphabet
   1. English Braille
2. English grammar
   1. English clause syntax
   2. English personal pronouns
   3. English verbs
3. English orthography
4. English phonology
   1. Phonological history of English
      1. Great Vowel Shift
   2. Rhoticity in English
5. History of English
6. Rhyming slang
7. Received Pronunciation