User:Seryo93/Russia (1990-1993)

This article about Russian Federation durning reforms, and constitutional amendments of 1990-1993, that begins with declaration of sovereignty. You may be looking for Russian SFSR before that reforms, or for modern Russia. For other uses see Russia (disambiguation)

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic RSFSR Russia Russian Federation Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика РСФСР Россия Российская Федерация
1990-1993 1991-1993 (as successor to USSR)
Flag in 01.11.1991 - 11.12.1993 Coat of arms in 16.05.1992 - 30.11.1993
Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Translit.: Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!) English translation: Workers of the world, unite!
Anthem: National anthem of the Soviet Union (to November 23 1990) Patriotic Song (from November 23 1990)
Location of Russia in 1993
Status	Republic of Soviet Union (before December 26, 1991), Independent state (since December 26, 1991)
Capital	Moscow
Common languages	Russian
Government	Soviet Republic (before 12 June 1991) Parliamentary republic (12 June 1991 - 4 October 1993) Rule by decree (4 October - December 12 1993)
President (from 12 June 1991)
• 1991-1999	Boris Yeltsin
Chairman of Supreme Soviet
• 1990-1991	Boris Yeltsin
• 1991-1993	Ruslan Khasbulatov
Legislature	Congress of People's Deputies of Russia
• Upper house	Soviet of Republics
• Lower house	Soviet of Nationalities
Historical era	Post-Cold War era
• Russian legislative election, 1990	March 4, 1990
• Declaration of State Sovereignty of the RSFSR	June 12 1990 1990
• Russian presidential election, 1991	12 June, 1991
• 1991 Soviet coup d'etat attempt	19-22 August 1991
• Seccession from USSR	December 12, 1991
• Dissolution of the USSR	December 26 1991
• 1993 Russian constitutional crisis	21 September - 4 October 1993 1993
• Russian constitutional referendum, 1993	December 12, 1993
Currency	Ruble (RUR) Ruble (SUR) (before 7 August 1993)
Calling code	7
ISO 3166 code	RU
Internet TLD	.su
Preceded by Succeeded by User:Seryo93/RSFSR User:Seryo93/USSR User:Seryo93/Russia

History

Leaving USSR

Main articles: Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1991 Soviet coup d'etat attempt, and Belavezha Accords

On 29 May 1990 and on the third attempt, Boris Yeltsin was elected chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR.

12 June 1990 Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic has Declaration of State Sovereignty of the RSFSR, which was the beginning of «War of Laws» (Russian and Union law conflict).

17 March 1991 a all-Russian referendum, on the basis of which was introduced post of President of the RSFSR.

12 June 1991 Boris Yeltsin was elected President of the RSFSR by popular vote.

19 - 21 August 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, is the so-called August Putsch. President of Russia Yeltsin serves to protect the President of the USSR Gorbachev.

23 August, after the failure of Gang of Eight (Soviet Union), in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signs a decree to suspend the CP RSFSR in the territory of Russia.

28 October 1991, Ruslan Khasbulatov elected as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.

6 November 1991, a decree of the President of Russia Boris Yeltsin CPSU and CP RSFSR have been banned in the territory of the RSFSR.

8 December 1991 and Viskuly under Brest (Belarus), President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the heads of BSSR and Ukrainian SSR was signed «Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States» (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and 14 articles, that the Soviet Union ceased to exist as a subject of international law and geopolitical realities. However, based on the historical community of peoples, relations between them, given the bilateral treaties, the desire for a democratic rule of law, the intention to develop their relations based on mutual recognition and respect for state sovereignty, the parties agreed on the formation of Commonwealth of Independent States

12 December agreement was ratified by Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR (the Russian parliament ratified the document by an overwhelming majority: «for» - 188 votes, «against» - 6 votes, «abstain» - 7)

On the same day the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR but withdrew and Russian deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The legality of this act is the subject of formal discussions, as well as by the Constitution (Basic Law) of Russia 1978 and he had no right to do so.

24 December The President of the Russian Federation informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that the Russian Federation continues the membership of the Soviet Union in all organs UN (including membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be the original member of the UN (with 24 October 1945 a) along with Ukraine (Ukrainian SSR) and Belarus (BSSR).

25 December 1991 by special law RSFSR was renamed to Russian Federation . The Act came into force on the date of adoption, but was originally published by January 6 1992 a (Rossiyskaya Gazeta).</ref>. According to law, during the 1992 and were allowed to use the name of the RSFSR in the official business (forms, seals and stamps). Follow the laws became known as the laws of the Russian Federation (the order of numbering was maintained). 21 April 1992 and was amended in the constitution. The Act came into force following the publication of Russian newspaper 16 May 1992

Name «Russian Federation» as a reduction of the RSFSR and was used in Soviet times (such as the Transcaucasian Federation for TSFSR).

26 December 1991 and the Soviet Union officially ceased to exist, Russia became a Successor state to Soviet Union.

Parliamentary republic

On 31 March 1992 all federal subjects of the Russian Federation, with the exception of Tatarstan and Chechnya ( «Ichkeria»), and Ingushetia, signed the «Treaty on the Delimitation of reference and powers between the federal bodies of state power of the Russian Federation and the governments of sovereign republics within the Russian Federation». This was necessary to resolve the conflict between the national legislation and the Declaration on State Sovereignty of the Republic within the Russian Federation. Special protocol to the treaty stipulated that the republic should be represented in a chamber of the supreme legislative body of Russia no less than 50 percent of seats.

On the same day signed «the Treaty on the Delimitation of reference and powers between the federal bodies of state power of the Russian Federation and the authorities territories, regions, cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russian Federation» and the «Treaty on the Delimitation of reference and powers between the federal bodies of state authorities of the Russian Federation and the authorities, autonomous region, autonomous regions within the Russian Federation ».

All three instruments together referred to as Federal Treaty. It would be approved by the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia 10 April 1992 a «of a Federal Treaty». Law of the Russian Federation on 21 April 1992 and the number 2708-I «On amendments and additions the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic» Federal contract provision was included in the constitution. These provisions introduced the basic principles of federalism in Russia. <! - Fixed until its asymmetrical nature. If the idea of asymmetric federation is important, then it must be such as to formulate a clearer -> C 26 July to 7 August 1993 was carried out confiscation currency reform in which a Russia were seized banknotes of State Bank of USSR. The reform also faced the task of separation monetary systems of Russia and other countries, Commonwealth of Independent States, using the ruble as a means of payment in the domestic monetary circulation.

Constitutional crisis

Main article: 1993 Russian constitutional crisis

• December 1 1992 and - in Moscow, opened the seventh Congress of People's Deputies, throughout his work and leadership of the MPs criticized the Supreme Soviet of the Government of Yegor Gaidar
• 9 December 1992 a - the Congress of People's Deputies did not approve of the candidacy of Boris Yeltsin, Yegor Gaidar government to preside over
• 10 December 1992 a - President Boris Yeltsin made at the Congress, had sharply criticized his work, invited to discuss the idea of the all-Russian referendum and tried to disrupt his meeting with the meeting notice of their supporters from among the MPs
• 11 December 1992 and - on the initiative of the President of the Constitutional Court Valery Zorkin have been talks, President Boris Yeltsin and Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Ruslan Khasbulatov
• 12 December 1992 a - the Congress of People's Deputies passed a resolution on the stabilization of the constitutional order, which set to 11 April 1993 and the referendum on the main provisions of the Constitution
• 14 December 1992 and - on the basis of multi-voting Chairman of the Council of Ministers - the Government appointed the Viktor Chernomyrdin

• 12 March 1993 a - the Congress of People's Deputies repealed ordinance «on the stabilization of the constitutional system»
• 20 March 1993 a - President Boris Yeltsin made a television address to the nation, which announced the suspension of the Constitution and the introduction of «special order management», but as it turned out, only a few days actually signed was a completely different ordinance
• 23 March 1993 a - The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, still not having signed the decree of the President, admitted his actions related to the televised, unconstitutional, and found the existence of grounds for removal from office
• 26 March 1993 and - in Moscow, met the Ninth Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies
• 28 March 1993 a - the Congress of People's Deputies rejected the draft decree on the appointment of early elections, and President of People's Deputies and voted on the impeachment of Yeltsin from office of the President (at the same time voted on the dismissal of the chairman of Supreme Soviet Ruslan Khasbulatov). Attempting impeachment failed because at that time came this text decree does not contain gross violations of the Constitution. During the impeachment vote of 617 deputies in the 689 (ie, 2 / 3 of the 1033 registered members), against - 268.
• 29 March 1993 and - after the failure of attempts to impeach Yeltsin, the Congress of People's Deputies assigned to 25 April All-Russian referendum
• 21 April 1993 and - The Constitutional Court issued a ruling on the order of counting the votes in the referendum
• 25 April 1993 and - the All-Russian referendum, many Russians will remember for the ad slogan «yes-no-yes». It consisted of 4 questions:

1. Do you trust the President of the Russian Federation B. Yeltsin? ('58, 7% for the ')
2. Do you approve of the socio-economic policies undertaken by the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation since 1992?('53, 0% for the ')
3. Do you think it is necessary to hold early elections, President of the Russian Federation?('49, 5% for the ')
4. Do you think it is necessary to hold early elections of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation?('67, 2% for the ')

In the referendum was attended 64.05% of the voters. 5 May, 1993 All-Russian Central Referendum Commission established its legality on the basis of the district committees and in accordance with Art. 35 of the Law «On Referendum Russia» All-Russian referendum April 25, 1993 he was recognized as completed. Its Official results were as follows: On the first and second issues of decision taken because of them more than half of the citizens who took part in the referendum. On the third and fourth issues are not taken the decision because they had voted, less than half of citizens eligible to participate in the referendum (in accordance with prevailing legislation, to decide on the latter two issues, it was necessary to gain a majority vote of thetotalnumber of voters) .

It should be noted that the results were very controversial. For example, in the voting lists had been made 107 310 174 party, and ballot papers issued nearly half - 69 222 858 . Specific results of the April 1993 referendum, he is also not quite clear: vote Boris Yeltsin, added the executive power or clarity of objectives in the economic program. However, conflicting results of the referendum was interpreted by Yeltsin and his entourage in their favor. However, despite the legal uncertainty for third and fourth issues, the victory of Yeltsin's team in the battle for the minds of citizens, directly followed by the results of the vote.

• 30 April 1993 and - in the The News issued a presidential draft new Constitution of the Russian Federation (significantly different from the actual version of December)
• May 1 1993 and - in the Moscow demonstration opposing President, dispersed OMON om. There were casualties, including one OMON'ovets (Vladimir Tolokneev)
• May 20 1993 and - the President has announced the convening of the Constitutional Council in Moscow
• 5 June 1993 and - the Constitutional Council has started
• September 1 1993 and - the President of the decree number 1328 temporarily suspended from his duties as Vice-President Alexander Rutskoi, who recently has made a tough criticism of President and Government, «in connection with ongoing investigation, as well as in the absence of instructions to Vice-President ». Acted Constitution and legislation of the possibility of dismissal of the Vice-President, the President did not contain. Accusations of corruption at a later date is not confirmed (signed Rutskoi compromising on his documents was false).
• September 3 - Supreme Soviet has decided to send a petition to the Constitutional Court to verify compliance with the Basic Law of the Russian Federation Presidential Decree of 1 September, in part, on temporary suspension from his duties as vice-president Alexander Rutskoi. According to the parliamentarians, issuing this decree, Boris Yeltsin invaded the authority of the judicial bodies of state power. Prior to the determination of the case in the Constitutional Court to the decree suspended.

Dissolving of Supreme Soviet

21 September 1993 and - the President signed the Decree № 1400 «On the phase of constitutional reform in the Russian Federation», ordering the Supreme Soviet of Russian Federation and the Congress of People's Deputies to stop their activities, in giving effect to a temporary system of government, on 11-12 December, appointed election in the State Duma

Article 121⁶ Constitution of the Russian Federation - Russia, 1978 (as amended on 10 December 1992):
The powers of the President of Russian Federation cannot be used to change national and state organization of Russian Federation,
to dissolve or to interfere with the functioning of any elected organs of state power. In this case, his powers cease immediately.

• 21-22 September 1993 a - The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation shall finally, the unconstitutionality of the President of Action, the Supreme Council decides to terminate authority of President Yeltsin and the passage of the Constitution, the Vice-President Alexander V. Rutskoi, announces the convening of X (Extraordinary) Congress of People's Deputies. To the White House contractor supporters Supreme Council and the Congress.
• 23 September 1993 a - President Boris Yeltsin announces early presidential elections in June 1994 and (later this decision was revoked). There was an attack on the headquarters of the armed forces of the CIS, the two victims. The media and supporters accuse the president of the deputies of the Supreme Council of the incident. A X (Extraordinary) Congress of People's Deputies, which, in compliance with all legal procedures and with the required quorum, the Supreme Council Approves Ordinance to end presidential term of Yeltsin and moving them to the vice president Rutskoi, and Yeltsin's action qualifies as an attempt to «coup attempt».
• 30 September 1993 and - the President forms the Central Electoral Commission for elections to the State Duma and appoints its chairman Nikolai Ryabov
• 3-4 October 1993 - after the capture by the Supreme Soviet of the Moscow City Hall in the Novy Arbat, attempted armed seizure of Ostankino television center in, the president enters a state of emergency in Moscow, the White House stormed with the use of armor, which, combined with the lack of action forces , resulting in numerous casualties, including among random people. The head of the Supreme Soviet, vice-president and several other leaders of the Anti-Yeltsin coalition arrested and placed in SIZO Lefortovo.

Rule by decree and new constitution

See also: Russian constitutional referendum, 1993

• October 5 - dissolved Mossovet and raisoviets (several deputies arrested), dismissed Prosecutor General B. Stepankov, in his appointed place of A. Kazannik, removed from their positions as heads of administrations, opposed the decree number 1400: Victor Berestovo (Belgorod Oblast), Yuri Lodkin (Bryansk Oblast, withdrawn yet 25 September), Vitaly Mukha (Novosibirsk Region), Pyotr Sumin (Chelyabinsk Oblast), Alexander Surat (Amur Oblast).
• October 7 1993 and - the President takes an order «On legal regulation in the phase of constitutional reform», which in effect assumes the powers of the legislature. President of the Constitutional Court V. Zorkin threatened prosecution on charges «towards the legality of the constitutional coup» forced to resign (while retaining the judge). The judges, under pressure from President entourage are forced to step down the power to review regulations of the authorities and international treaties. (The new Constitution has been included for the complete replacement of Constitutional Court judges, but at the last moment, mistakenly, that provision of the published draft fell)
• October 9 - The President terminates the powers of the Soviets at all levels.
• 11 October - President rejects the idea of forming the Federation Council and appoints the election in the Federation Council of Russia
• 15 October - The President shall appoint a public vote on the Constitution on 12 December
• 22 October - President accepts the decree on the fundamental principles of state power in Russian Federation
• 26 October - President Takes a decree on the reform of local government
• 10 November - the Russian Vest published a draft constitution proposed to vote
• 12 December - took place on Russian constitutional referendum, 1993, which voted for the constitutional referendum, 58 per cent of the participants, as well as elections to the Council of Federation and State Duma of the first convocation
• 24 December - The President has signed several decrees aimed at bringing the laws of the Russian Federation in accordance with the new Constitution
• 25 December 1993 and - A new Constitution of the Russian Federation published in «Rossiyskaya Gazeta» and came into force on the entire territory of Russia

See also

• Russia
• Russian SFSR
• Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR
• Russian constitutional crisis of 1993
• 1991 Soviet coup d'etat attempt
• Dissolution of the Soviet Union
• Constitution of Russia