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Russafa
Ruzafa
Russafa; Ruzafa
District
	Valencia
	Coordinates: 39°27′45″N 0°22′19″O
Population	25.134
Website	www.ayto-valencia.es

Russafa
Ruzafa
Russafa; Ruzafa
District [LEX]
	Valencia
	Coordinates: 39°27′45″N 0°22′19″O
Population	25.134 [TIP]
Website	www.ayto-valencia.es

Russafa
Ruzafa
Russafa; Ruzafa
District
	Valencia
	Coordinates: 39°27′45″N 0°22′19″O
Population	25.134
Website	www.ayto-valencia.es

[LEX -the reason why we used this translation is set out below, because we couldn't add it in the table.-]

Ruzafa (Russafa in Valencian and it is the established name ^[1]) is a quarter of the city of Valencia, Spain, that belongs to the Eixample district and it was an independent town until 1877.^[2] In 2009 it had a population of 25,134 inhabitants, according to Valencia City Council.^[3]

Toponymy

The place name Ruzafa derives from the Valencian word Russafa, and this word derives in turn from the Arabic رصافة (Ruṣāfatu). In this language it means ‘garden’ and it might be a loanword from the Akkadian rasapa, 'a governor’s residence' ^[2] Hay constancia de hasta nueve lugares denominados Ruṣāfa en el mundo árabe, entre las que destacan las edificadas en las cercanías de Damasco, Basora y Bagdad.^[4] There is evidence of, at least, nine places named Ruṣāfa In the Arab world, among which stand out those build in the surrouning areas of Damascus, Basra y Baghdad ^[5] Alrededor de dichos jardines se originó una alquería, que es el núcleo del posterior poblado.^[5] .

Physical geography

Bordering neighbourhoods

	North: Sant Francesc
West: La Roqueta, Arrancapins		East: El Pla del Remei, Gran Via, Monteolivete
	South: En Corts, Malilla

History

Ruzafa was first originated from a playground built by Abd Allah al-Balansi in the ninth century 2 km away from the city of Valencia, following his father Abderraman I, who had built one in the vicinity of Córdoba. This property must have disappeared very soon because Al-Balansis' sons didn't continue living in Valencia but the garden area close to their residence was maintained and it was used as a place of entertainment and a public park, as evidenced by the poets al-Russafi, al-Saqundi, Ibn Amira or Ibn al-Abbar, inter alia. In the surroundings of such gardens, a farmstead was originated,which is the core for the subsequent town.

Ruzafa's territory represented one of the main positions for the occupation of Valencia, as proved by the fact that Álvar Fáñez camped there with his armed escort, when he joined the dethroned al-Qadir from Toledo to Valencia in 1085, or afterwards James I the Conqueror and his army in 1238, who besieged the city from this point. It is reported that in this place the king stayed during the whole campaign, and here the capitulation of the city took place between Zayyan ibn Mardanish and James I the Conqueror.

After the Christian conquest, the gardens were turned into arable land and the existing muslim buildings became farmsteads, occupied by the conquerors or their vassals. The subsequent expansion of the defensive wall of the city of Valencia, carried out in the 14th century, left this rural settlement outside, which kept maintaining its agricultural nature, even though it was turned into a suburb. Near the door of Ruzafa of the city of Valencia, the Plaza de toros de Valencia was built around 1860 and five years after its ending, the defensive walls were broken down, which would result in the overflowing of the city towards the south.

Ruzafa as an independent town

[SUP -it appears at the end of the phrase (in 1811)-] The town of Ruzafa (constituted by practically all of the current districts of Eixample, Quatre Carreres and Poblados del Sur) ^[6] was grouped together as an municipality independent of Valencia City Council in 1811. The jurist Pascual Madoz described Ruzafa in 1849 in the following way:

A municipality with Council City in the province of Valencia (10minutes); Located in level ground to the south-east of the capital; It has 340 houses that form the main body of the district; Council City, prison, 2 public schools for 200 children, 2 Churches (San Valero and Vicente Mártir) [...] a Convent of nuns (Santa Clara) and 11 hermitages distributed along the district [LEX -we used this translation (district) to refer to the Spanish word 'barrio' throughout the text and, in some occasions, this translation wasn't corrected by our copy editors, so we don't understand what is exactly wrong. After considering different translations for this word (borough, neigbourhood...) we decided to use 'district and municipality) becuase in many webpages they refer to Ruzafa in this way: https://www.visitvalencia.com/en/nightlife-ruzafa-valencias-most-exciting-district-] in each one of which there are schools for boys and girls that receive particular financial support. It is surrounded by the river Túria, sea and S. Sedaví and has many small villages such as Castellá, Torreta, Saler, Benimasot, Palmar, Pinedo y Lazareto [...]. The land is loose and of good quality, distributed in rice with vegetables that are fertilized with water of the river Túria, which drains into the sea. The roads are varied and poorly maintained that lead to Albufera and Ribera among others. PRODUCTION: rice, wheat, silk, hemp, fruits and vegetables; in Dehesa there is rabbit hunting. INDUSTRY agricultural and 6 windmills. POPULATION: 1,799 [TIP -Following the explanation that we found in this webpage: http://www.xn--nmeroseningls-mhb7v.org/p/separacion-por-coma-o-por-punto.html (Los angloparlantes utilizan estos símbolos al contrario de nosotros, en el caso de la coma, es utilizada para separar los miles (15,000) y el punto es utilizado para separar los decimales (10.5), we cannot accept the correction-] neighbours; 9,075 inhabitants [...] =Diccionario de Madoz^[7]

During the 19th century, the municipality suffered an important increase in population. According to Madoz, in 1849 there were 9,075 people living there (1,799 in the urban center, which corresponds to the today’s district). In 1860 it already had 13,013 inhabitants. In 1877 it had practically doubled its population, reaching 20,000 inhabitants.^[8]

Among the mayors who led the municipal politics in the 1860s we find Salvador Alexandre y Tarrasa, D. Salvador Alexandre y Pascual and D. Vicente Quiles y Esteve (they were involved in a school tragedy, in which Maestro Aguilar and many students died).^[9] In the 1870s we find D. Andrés Chisbert (the last known municipal leader).^[10] After the destitution of the head of government, by order of the civil governor of the Province of Valencia, on 16 December 1877 an extraordinary session of Ruzafa’s City Council was organized, agreeing its annexation to Valencia.^[8] Since then, Ruzafa would have a mayor of district, named directly by the mayor of Valencia, losing its autonomy.

For a long time, this district was known as "la terra del ganxo" (land of hooks), since a great part of its population worked collecting logs coming to Valencia from los Serranos through the river Turia [Vínculo mal puesto], for which they used hooks. Nowadays, this denomination is still patent in many of the names of shops and casales falleros (a building where falleros –people who participate in the most famous festival of Valencia, known as Fallas- meet throughout the year to have lunch, dinner or organise other activities) [AD -we added this explanation, because it is a cultural issue and there is no translation for this words into English. In this way, not every English reader has to understand it] of the municipality'.

Ruzafa nowadays

After suffering a period of population decline, the municipality is undergoing a process of gentrification.^[11] With the improvement of the sidewalks, the hotel pressure expels small businesses, and the rise in housing prices pushed by the increase in tourist apartments makes rents more expensive. In this way, the district loses the social fabric and multiculturalism that characterised it.^[12]

Heritage

Religious heritage

Parochial Church of Saint Valerius and Saint Vincent Martyr: The Parochial Church of Saint Valerius and Saint Vincent Martyr is distinguishable from the one built before, which burned in 1415. Its conception and the direction of the first phase of its construction is attributed to Tomás Leonardo Esteve, while Juan Bautista Pérez and his son Juan Pérez Castilla were attributed the baroque decoration, today almost disappeared, of the interior. It follows a Latin cross plan of a unique nave and 6 side chapels between the buttresses. The construction of the bell tower, possible work of José Mingues, ended in 1740. [TEXT It could have been written differently, but we believe it's coherent]Burned down in 1936, it was rebuilt in 1939 by Salvador and Manuel Pascual and José Luis Testor. It is also known as “Ruzafa’s Cathedral”.
Convento Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles (The Convent of Our Lady of the Angels [EST: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgen_de_los_Angeles this is the only source we have found for the translation, very often proper nous are kept as they are, but can be translated in brackets]): another religious monument with many historical nuances is the Convento Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles, which is found [LEX, ] in Calle [TEXT, incoherencia. I prefered keeping the name of the street in Spanish, as it is a proper noun] General Prim. The 22nd of April of 1238, James I the Conqueror installed his encampment [LEX: It is synonym of camp, but different from campsite which refers more to camping. We don't see what else could correspond] in Ruzafa, wanting to lay siege to the town of Valencia. The 14th of September he began a conversation with Zayán, Moorish king of Valencia, culminating with [GR, preposición. We don't know how else we could translate it] the surrender of Valencia the 29th of the same month, signing this surrender in the actual [LEX] location of the convent. The king James I and his armed forces made their entrance [LEX] in Valencia the 9th of October. You can see on the principal [LEX: façade is the technical term https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/facade] façade a commemorative plaque of this historic event.

Civil heritage

Municipal Market of Ruzafa: Another very characteristic monument of this Valencian quarter is the Municipal Market of Ruzafa. It was planned by Julio Bellot Senet, according to the (city) Council of 1954 and the construction began by the end of May,[TIP. We are not sure in this case, but dates can be written starting by the month, year: http://www.thepunctuationguide.com/comma.html#numbers ] 1957. It is located [LEX] in the heart of the Ruzafa area, facing the baroque Church of Saint Valerius and Saint Vincent Martyr.
Sculptural Plaque of Sir Bernardino Landete Aragó: Sculptural relief in profile with the facial characteristics of the Father of Spanish oral medicine [ORT+TIP: we forgot "at" in stomatology, which is also oral medicine, and it doesn't exist in every dictionary so we changed it] installed on the Plaza del doctor Landete [TEXT, incoherencia: to be coherent with Calle General Prim, we have changed it back to the Spanish proper noun]. This relief was mainly defrayed by the collective of Valencian dentists.

Culture

Ruzafa's Municipal Archive

Funds belonging to Ruzafa's city council as such, before annexing to Valencia, have been preserved in the Municipal Historical Archive.

Libraries

Al-Russafí's Municipal Library: located in 5-7 Matías Perelló sreet, provided with computers with Internet connection and WiFi zone. Its funds were transferred to Al-Russafí's New Municipal Library so now this space is used as a study room, reading room or exhibition hall.
Al-Russafí's New Municipal Library: located in 2 Poeta Al-Russafí street, provided with computers with Internet connection, a wide bibliographic fund, audio-visual material (VHS, DVD) to lend and WiFi zone.

You can look up for both libraries funds in the Catalogue of the Municipal Public Libraries Network of Valencia.

Festivities

San Blas [no es una festividad demasiado conocida, por tanto no tiene una traducción oficial al inglés como "Acción de gracias" y "Thanksgiving"]: a popular festivity takes place the 3rd February in honour of Saint Blaise. The image of the saint is exhibited during the whole day along the Saint Valero church's façade. There are long queues to venerate the saint and buy the traditional blessed cookies and to conclude the festivity, a procession which goes through every street of the quarter on the evening.
San Jose [misma justificación que con "San Blas"]: Ruzafa has the Fallas spirit very present [no se puede traducir la palabra "Fallas", por tanto, no hemos encontrado otra manera de escribirlo para que la idea general quedase clara], standing out the amount of delegations that comprise the "Agrupación de Fallas de Ruzafa". During Fallas' festivities, Ruzafa transforms itself: many streets are closed to traffic and it turns into a pedestrian area for a few days, so you can also enjoy one of the most traditional places in Fallas in the city.

Illustrious and prominent personalities

Poet Al-Russafí (Abu Abd Allah Muhammed ben Gualib): Abu Abd Muhammed ben Gualib was born at the beginning of the 12th Century in Ruzafa. He spent part of his life in Granada [ORT], where he died in 1177. He sang with tenderness and nostalgy of his homeland [GR]. He was a courteous poet and praised the Almohad caliph Abd al-Munin. He was one of the most appreciated poets of the Almohad dynasty [ORT] and his name made part of the anthology of Arabian poetry. The two municipal libraries that we can find in the district of Ruzafa are named after him, Biblioteca Al-Russafí and Biblioteca Nova Al-Russafí.
Benito Pereira: Spanish philosopher and writer. He was born in Ruzafa in 1535 and died in Rome the 6th of March 1610 [GR].
Diego Miró: First rector of Colegio San Pablo de Valencia de la Compañia de Jesús, created in 1544. His main work is Regulae communes or Constitutionum Societatis Jesu.
Nicolás Pascual Roig: Augustinian monk, he was born in Ruzafa and died in 1787 in the convent he was in charge of in Alcoy [FS]. Musician and composer, one of his best [AD+SS] compositions is “Sonata de primer tono” [TIP This is the name of the composition].
Matías Perelló Jáudenes: Philosopher [ORT TIP more than ORT] and literate, he was born in Ruzafa in 1734, and studied Philosophy and Law at the University of Valencia. He was the representative ad litem of Valencia [FS legal representative], from whose position he intervened in the discrediting of the Grammar of Gregorio Mayans. The street that bears his name was designed in the first plan of the urban widening of the city of Valencia, in 1977, by Matías Perelló himself. He died in 1793.
Francisco Javier Aguilar Solaz: school teacher, he died in 1863 saving his students during the collapse of the boy's branch of Ruzafa’s school. What used to be the street of the city´s cemetery now bears his name (Maestro Aguilar).
Julio Aparicio Pascual "Fabrilo": born in Ruzafa, Valencia, on 1 November 1866. From a very young age, he stood out as a bullfighter in Levante's square, on 3 October 1885, before he was 19 years old. He was gored in Valencia's bullring. His brother Francisco Aparicio, also a bullfighter, died for the same reason two years later.
Enrique Castellón Vargas, "The gipsy prince": was born in Ruzafa in 1928. He wanted to be a bullfighter but he was soon convinced that with his voice and charm, he should be a "copla" singer instead.
Salvador Castro Prades: painter who was born in Valencia (Ruzafa) in 1866 and died in Burjasot on 30 May 1932.
Maria Jesús Coves: writer born in Ruzafa. Founding member of the Valencian Language Writers' Association (Asociación de Escritores en Lengua Valenciana) and awarded with "Escritor de l'Any" prize in 2005.
Juan de Dios Montañés: he was a priest and a pedagogue. He founded a school with his name in Ruzafa, in Painter Salvador Dali street. He dedicated all his time to help his students to stand out in their own skills while they were receiving a proper education. He was named adoptive son of Ruzafa's Villa. This educational institution was created in the second half of the 20th century.
Anfós Ramon: born in 1924 in Ruzafa. He was a poet and writer, mainly in Valencian. He was awarded with the National Literature Award in Valencian Language (Premio Nacional de Literatura en Lengua Valenciana) and he also was an honourable Member from the Royal Valencian Culture Academy. He died in Valencia in 2014.
Paula Bonet: she was an illustrator and a painter. She started her professional career in Ruzafa and painted a lot of art pieces in the quarter.
Cayetano Ripoll: he worked as a teacher until he was sentenced to death accused of heretic in Valencia and hanged on 31 July 1826. The process and the execution made a fuss in all over Europe.

Ruzafa (Russafa in Valencian and officially[EST]) is a quarter of the city of Valencia, Spain, that belongs/belonging [TEXT] to the Eixample district and it was an independent town until 1877. In 2009 it had a population of 25,134 [TIP] inhabitants, according to Valencia City Council.

Toponymy

The place name Ruzafa derives from the Valencian word Russafa, and this word derives in turn from the Arabic رصافة (Ruṣāfatu). In this language it means ‘garden’ and it might be a loanword from the Akkadian rasapa, 'a governor’s residence'. There is evidence of, at least, nine places named Ruṣāfa In the Arab world, among which stand out those build in the surrouning [ORT] áreas of Damascus, Basra y Baghdad.

Physical geography

Bordering neighbourhoods

	North: Sant Francesc
West: La Roqueta, Arrancapins		East: El Pla del Remei, Gran Via, Monteolivete
	South: En Corts, Malilla

History

Ruzafa was first originated from a playground/schoolyard [TEXT] built by Abd Allah al-Balansi in the ninth century 2 km away from the city of Valencia, following/copying [TEXT] his father Abderraman I, who had built one in the vicinity of Córdoba. Thi [ORT] property must have disappeared very soon because Al-Balansis' sons didn't continue living in Valencia but the garden area close to their residence was maintained and it was used as a place of entertainment and a public park, as evidenced [GR] the poets al-Russafi, al-Saqundi, Ibn Amira or Ibn al-Abbar, inter alia.5 [EST] In the surroundings of such gardens, a farmstead was originated,which is the core for the subsequent town.5 [EST]

Ruzafa's territory represented one of the main positions for the occupation of Valencia, as showed by [EST] the fact that Álvar Fáñez camped there with his armed escort, when he joined the dethroned al-Qadir from Toledo to Valencia in 1085, or afterwards James I the Conqueror and his army in 1238, who besieged the city from this point. It is reported that in this place the king stayed during the whole campaign, and here the capitulation of the city took place between Zayyan ibn Mardanish y [LEX] James I the Conqueror.5 [EST]

After the Christian conquest, the gardens were turned into arable land and the existing muslim buildings became farmsteads, occupied by the conquerors or their vassals. The subsequent expansion of the defensive wall of the city of Valencia, carried out in the 14th century, left this rural settlement outside, which kept maintaining its agricultural nature, even though it was turned into a suburb.5 [EST] Near the door of Ruzafa of the city of Valencia, the Plaza de toros de Valencia was built around 1860 and five years after its termination [LEX], the defensive walls were broken down, what would result in the overflowing of the city towards the south.