User:SeaMonkeysOnTrees/Sustainable Development Goal 16

Background[edit] -- Naoki

The Sustainable Development Goals are a collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations. It is an engine for progress and an enabling tool for all other goals. The broad goals are interrelated though each has its own targets to achieve. The SDGs cover a broad range of social and economic development issues. These include poverty, hunger, health, education, climate change, gender equality, Water supply, sanitation, energy, urbanization, environment and social justice. The SDGs include an emphasis on the importance of achieving progress on peaceful and inclusive societies, access to justice and rule of law, and effective, accountable and inclusive institutions.

SDG 16 addresses the need for major intervention to promote peace and inclusive institutions and contribute to the other Sustainable Development Goals. Areas of improvement include: reducing lethal violence, reducing civilian deaths in conflicts, and eliminating human trafficking.

Targets, indicators and progress[edit] -- Jordan and Ayu[edit]

Further information: List of SDG targets and indicators

SDG 16 has twelve targets and 24 indicators. Three of the targets specify their agenda by the year 2030. Below is the list of all the targets with a short version and a long version of the titles. World map for indicator 16.1.1 - Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population in 2016

No data is available yet for the following indicators: 16.4.1, 16.4.2, 16.6.2, 16.7.1, 16.7.2, 16.b.1. For all the other indicators, data and world maps are available to visualize progress.

Target 16.3: Promote the rule of law and ensure equal access to justice[edit]

The full text of Target 16.3: "Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all."

This target has three indicators:

• Indicator 16.3.1: Proportion of victims of violence in the previous 12 months who reported their victimization to competent authorities or other officially recognized conflict resolution mechanisms.
• Indicator 16.3.2: Unsentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison population.
• Indicator 16.3.3: Proportion of the population who have experienced a dispute in the past two years and who accessed a formal or informal dispute resolution mechanism, by type of mechanism.

One of the aims of Target 16.3.1 in measuring the "proportion of victims of violence in the previous 12 months who reported their victimization" is to reduce the underreporting of crime and acts of violence. The lack of an official data source poses a great challenge for accurately measuring the progress on this indicator across the globe. For Africa, the Afrobarometer serves as as a significant source of data for Target 16.3.1; however, data is only available from the years 2011-2013. According to the surveys conducted by Afrobarometer, where in which surveyees were asked "Did you report the incident to the police," the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) finds that "30 per cent or less of all violence incidents were reported to the police" in 6 of 32 African countries with available data, as well as another 6 African countries where "60 per cent of incidents were reported to the police."

World map for Target 16.3.1

Regarding Target 16.3.2, the IEP further concludes that of the 149 countries with available data, 31 countries had "a rate lower lower than 15 per cent" and 62 had "a rate higher than 35 per cent." The COVID-19 pandemic has further complicated the access to justice for unsentenced detainees who make up 31 per cent of all prisoners. Prison overcrowding combined with poor health care leaves prisoners vulnerable to COVID-19.

Target 16.a: Strengthen national institutions to prevent violence and combat crime and terrorism[edit][edit] -- Jordan

The full text of Target 16.a: "Strengthen relevant national institutions, including through international cooperation, for building capacity at all levels, in particular in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime." It has one indicator.

Indicator 16.a.1 is the "Existence of independent national human rights institutions in compliance with the Paris Principles".

President Uribe of Colombia changed the conventional military combat to survive against a rebel group, FARC. The key focus was to indicate the number of guerilla casualties in combat. Soldiers would instead begin to kidnap and murder innocent homeless people and present them as casualties. Target 16a indicates the prevention of violence, combat terrorism and crime which in extreme cases must be done through military means. However, Columbian soldiers encouraged terrorism with an abuse of power, leading to injustice and abuse of authority.