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User:Sawyer777/Remedios Varo

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In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Varo and the second or maternal family name is Uranga.

Remedios Varo (16 December 1908–8 October 1963) was a Spanish-Mexican Surrealist painter.

Born in a small town in Catalonia, her family moved often when she was a child. She attended the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in Madrid from 1924 to 1930, where she learned traditional painting techniques. In the 1920s and 1930s, Varo became part of the burgeoning Surrealist community in Madrid, Paris, and Barcelona.

Artistic influences

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Varo was influenced heavily by psychoanalysis, popular in Europe during her time. (write more)[1]

One of Varo's major influences was Victor Brauner, whose work informed her understanding of dreams and fantasy.[2]

The characters pictured in Varo's artwork resemble herself, with heart-shaped faces, long noses, and almond-shaped eyes.[3] According to art historian Janet Kaplan, much of her work is autobiographical in nature; her 1960–1961 triptych reflects her time as a student in a restrictive convent school.[4] Her paintings, often depicting journeys and encounters with strange people, also reflect the frequent travel of her childhood[5] and her traumatic experience of exile and war.[3]

Varo frequently used Catholic religious imagery in her work, usually in a subversive manner.[6]

Philosophical influences

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From 1943, Varo became interested in the esotericism of George Gurdjieff, although she did not join any of the spiritual or philosophical groups that had formed in Mexico.[7]

Techniques

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Varo extensively used preparatory graphite-on-paper drawings to plan her paintings; she also created many drawings independent of painting. Prior to starting a painting, Varo would make multiple graphite sketches and a final drawing on masonite or canvas.[8]

Analysis of Varo's artwork

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Mexican philosopher Juliana González, a friend of Varo's,[9] writes that an element of "Romantic optimism" in her art distinguishes Varo from the broader Surrealist movement.[10]

Legacy

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In 1964, the National Museum of Modern Art in the Palacio de Bellas Artes held a tribute exhibition of Varo's work, with record attendance.[11] The Museo de Arte Moderno in Mexico City held a retrospective exhibition in 1971, which attracted the then-highest attendance in the museum's history,[12] and again in 1983 and 1994.[13]

In Mexico, Varo was not understood as a Parisian Surrealist until the end of the 20th century; she was considered a Spanish artist who was later influenced by Surrealism. In 20th-century art history discourse, there was little recognition or analysis of her participation in the French avant-garde, as was the case with other women Surrealists.[14]

https://mam.inba.gob.mx/coleccion.html#coleccionesdelmam

Selected list of works

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ del Conde 1998, pp. 18–20
  2. ^ Lozano 2000, pp. 35–37
  3. ^ a b Kaplan 1987, p. 39
  4. ^ Kaplan 2000, p. 18
  5. ^ Kaplan 1980, p. 14
  6. ^ Berland 2016, p. 132
  7. ^ Gruen 1998, pp. 45–46
  8. ^ Lozano 2000, p. 23
  9. ^ González 2023, p. 183, Abstract
  10. ^ González 2023, p. 188
  11. ^ Gruen 1998, p. 48
  12. ^ Kaplan 1987, p. 38
  13. ^ Lozano 2000, p. 17
  14. ^ Lozano 2000, pp. 17–19
  15. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 257, no. 118
  16. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 258, no. 122
  17. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 259, no. 124
  18. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, pp. 259–260, no. 127
  19. ^ "El flautista". Mexicana: Repositorio del Patrimonio Cultural de México (in Spanish). Secretaría de Cultura.
  20. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 260, no. 129
  21. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 261, no. 132
  22. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 261, no. 133
  23. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, pp. 261–262, no. 134
  24. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 262 no. 136
  25. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, pp. 265–266, no. 154
  26. ^ "Remedios Varo: The Juggler (The Magician), 1956". MoMA.
  27. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, pp. 267–268, no. 161
  28. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 271, no. 171
  29. ^ "Creación de las aves". Mexicana: Repositorio del Patrimonio Cultural de México (in Spanish). Secretaría de Cultura.
  30. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, pp. 272–273, no. 179
  31. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 274, no. 190
  32. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 279, no. 211
  33. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 280, no. 213
  34. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 286, no. 246
  35. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 288, no. 249
  36. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, pp. 288–289, no. 253
  37. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, pp. 290–291, no. 259
  38. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, pp. 292–293, no. 269
  39. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 295, no. 286
  40. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 296, no. 289
  41. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, pp. 296–297, no. 292
  42. ^ "Mujer saliendo del psicoanalista (podría ser Juliana)". Mexicana: Repositorio del Patrimonio Cultural de México (in Spanish). Secretaría de Cultura.
  43. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 297, no. 296
  44. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, pp. 298–299, no. 303
  45. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 299, no. 304
  46. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, pp. 299–300, no. 306
  47. ^ "La huida". Mexicana: Repositorio del Patrimonio Cultural de México (in Spanish). Secretaría de Cultura.
  48. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 301, no. 311
  49. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, pp. 304–305, no. 329
  50. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, pp. 305–306, no. 334
  51. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 306, no. 337
  52. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 308, no. 345
  53. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 309, no. 350
  54. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 310, no. 356
  55. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, pp. 311–312, no. 359
  56. ^ Ovalle & Gruen 1998, p. 313, no. 361

Bibliography

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Further reading

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In French

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In Spanish

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  • Parkinson Zamora, Lois (2002). "Misticismo Mexicano y la Obra Mágica de Remedios Varo". In Vanden Berghe, Kristine; van Delden, Maarten (eds.). El laberinto de la solidaridad: Cultura y política en México (1910-2000). Brill. pp. 57–87. doi:10.1163/9789004334076_006. ISBN 9789004334076.
  • Rivera, Magnolia (2005). Trampantojos: el círculo en la obra de Remedios Varo. Mexico City: Siglo Veintiuno. ISBN 9789682325984. OCLC 71295328.
  • Valcárcel, Carmen (2017). "Remedios Varo: espacios de la creación". In Millares, Selena (ed.). Diálogo de las artes en las vanguardias hispánicas. Vervuert Verlagsgesellschaft. pp. 407–430. doi:10.31819/9783954875894-017. ISBN 9783954875894.
  • Zanetta, Maria A. (2002). "Carmen Martín Gaite y Remedios Varo: trayecto hacia el interior a través de la literatura y la pintura". Anales de la Literatura Española Contemporánea. 27 (2): 565–595. ISSN 2327-4182. JSTOR 27742162.
  • Zanetta, Maria A. (2014). "Rebelion y Reivindicacion en Como Agua para Chocolate de Laura Esquivel y las Pinturas de Remedios Varo". The Latin Americanist. 58 (2): 157–174. doi:10.1353/tla.2014.a705925. ISSN 1557-203X.

Writings by Varo

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Sources (to use)

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journals

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  • Berland, Rosa (2010). "Remedios Varo's Mexican Drawings". The Journal of Surrealism in the Americas. 4 (1): 31–42. hdl:2286/R.I.17416. ISSN 2326-0459.
  • Brunk-Chavez, Beth (2003). "If These Walls Could Talk: Female Agency and Structural Inhabitants in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's 'The Yellow Wallpaper' and the Paintings of Remedios Varo". Studies in Popular Culture. 26 (2): 71–87. ISSN 0888-5753. JSTOR 41970400.
  • Hernández González, Edilberto (2023). "Configuration of Subjectivities in Contemporaneity: Performance Writing about the Production of the Spanish-Mexican Artist Remedios Varo". Art in Translation. 15 (2): 178–192. doi:10.1080/17561310.2023.2231238. ISSN 1756-1310.
  • Lomas, David (2012). "Artist — Sorcerers: Mimicry, Magic and Hysteria". Oxford Art Journal. 35 (3): 363–388. ISSN 1741-7287. JSTOR 23322190.
  • Plunkett, Tara (2018). "'Melusina after the scream': Surrealism and the Hybrid Bodies of Leonora Carrington and Remedios Varo". Bulletin of Spanish Studies. 95 (5): 493–510. doi:10.1080/14753820.2018.1497341. ISSN 1475-3820.
  • Santos-Phillips, Eva (2004). "Questioning and Transgressing in the Representations of Silvina Ocampo and Remedios Varo". Hispanic Journal. 25 (1–2): 155–170. ISSN 0271-0986. JSTOR 44284736.

book chapters

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  • González Madrid, María José (2018). "'On the True Exercise of Witchcraft' in the Work of Remedios Varo". In Bauduin, Tessel; Ferentinou, Victoria; Zamani, Daniel (eds.). Surrealism, Occultism and Politics: In Search of the Marvellous. New York: Routledge. pp. 194–209. ISBN 9781138054332. OCLC 1005961078.

books

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