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The following is for the Bilche Zolote article:
photo: Файл:Bil'che-Zolote.jpg (Princely family crypt of the chapel in the park)
photo: Файл:Церква св. Михаїла в селі Більче-Золоте Борщівського району Тернопільської області.jpg (Michael Church,Михаїла в селі. 2006)
photo: Файл:Пам'ятник Тарасові Шевченку в селі Більче-Золоте Борщівського району Тернопільської області.jpg (Taras Shevchenko Monument Т. Г. Шевченку)
(the following is from http://ukraine.kingdom.kiev.ua/region/19/bilchezolote.php ):
Architectural and natural monuments of Ukraine Архітехтурні Та Природні Пам'ятки України
In a city mentioned in chronicles in 1482 Located 18 km from Borscheva Борщева . On the outskirts of the oldest discovered in the Ternopil region the Middle Paleolithic Age settlement, two settlements in Tripoli and Tchernyakhivska culture. Nearby Bilche-Gold is a cave Verteba. Once there was a castle, built in 16st. Old place still remembered the tower and dungeons that were covered in 70-ies The tower is dismantled, the old man, who then abducted me Ozeryany Озеряни , mentioned that the tower was surrounded by a moat, which was to be water. If you want to look at those hills - ask where the hill "Tower" Башта (so only the title and preserved), or a local hospital.
Also Bilche-Gold was the palace, now in its place is the village club. It is located in the park. Near it you can still see the land remains the foundation of the palace. By the way the stone castle was used to build the palace Sapyehy Lion Лева Сапєги , the governor of Vilnius, the Lithuanian great hetman and a great chancellor of Lithuania. Local a lot of things away from the palace when it rozbyraly. The only thing that preserved palace complex from a front gate to the park.
Special attention deserves the park in Bilche-gold. Pledged he and the palace in 1800r. In the park 46 types of trees. Among them are two Tulip trees - a tree which grows real tulips! Also prohulyavshys tiny alleys you can find two pine diameter which in meters, and another strange wood vinegar, Japanese quince.
Church-chapel founded in 1839 as a family burial Sapyehy Сапєги . Located right on the park. Built in psevdohotychnomu псевдоготичному style. During the First World has been significantly damaged. Now the church restoration
Bilche-Gold - (Bilche Zolote, Bilcze Zlote, Bilche Zolotoye) village Borschevskogo Raion. Center of the village council. Located in the western area of the river Siret.
Center for rural councils, which also includes the village Yur'yampil Юр'ямпіль, Monastyrok Монастирок and Mushkativ Мушкатів.
In 2001 the population was 2002 people [2].
In Bilche-Gold is a memorial garden art of public significance - Bilche-Zolotetskyy Landscape Park Більче-Золотецький ландшафтний парк (reference: Клименко Ю., Кузнєцов С, Черняк В. Старовинні парки України загальнодержавного значення. — Т., 1996.). Bilche-Zolotetskyy Landscape Park - a memorial garden art of public significance. Situated in the village Bilche-Golden Borschevskogo Raion. Resolution of the Council of Ministers of Ukraine of January 29, 1960 № 105 of the park given the status of the object of natural reserve fund.
Park is in the competence Bilche-Zolotetskoyi Village. Park Area - 11 hectares.
Park with palace founded in the early 19 th century (during the Second World War destroyed the palace) in 1839 built the church with burial.
The park was created in landscape style. Its territory preserved ancient temple and entry gate, a stadium, betting that the fed water source. The park grows about 400 age-old trees, among them - 2 Tulip wood, 3 black nuts, 2 Eastern White Pine (diameter of 90-105 cm). There is pteleya trefoil, spruce syza barbed wire form, magnolia padubolysta, spireya salicaria and inhi. 1966 park filled with new valuable trees and bushes with Hermakivskoho Park. At the end of 19 century in Bilche-Zolotetskoho park conducted archaeological research sites Tripoli culture
On the outskirts of the village - a unique geological and archaeological sights - Cave Verteba печера Вертеба. Verteba - gypsum cave in Ternopil (Ukraine), village Bilche-Gold. The name comes from the cave of the old "crib" - Cave yaruha. «вертеп» — печера, яруга. Summary One of the largest in Europe, the length of underground passages - 7820 m.
The cave consists of a broad galleries, separated by a narrow bar. Walls are smooth and dark on the vault - natichni carbonate formation as kirok, rarely - a small stalactites ( "barrels", the abnormal structure Stalagmite, monthly milk ").
In the XIX century. here found more than 300 whole vessels, more than 35 thousand clay and ceramic fragments, nearly 120 human figures, 200 pieces of bones and horns, 300 products from bone and stone. All this - examples of the ancient culture of Tripoli [1].
[edit.] Usage During the 2-hoyi World War II and later used by soldiers of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army UPA for shelter. Українська повстанча (повстанська) армія (УПА)
It is finding parking primitive people.
Source: http://www.menr.gov.ua/documents/7-scudes-Ternopol.doc
Article about cave: http://ukrinform-korr.livejournal.com/269592.html
findings of primitive people
History
[edit]Main article: Bilche-Zolotetske settlement Tripoli culture It found the oldest settlements in Ternopil Oblast middle Paleolithic period (50 thousand years ago), the findings are Paleolithic pihnoho 2, Tripoli village culture, one of which is in the cave Verteba. Unearthed burial burial early Scythian (6 - 5 century BC).
In the tract Kaduby found remnants chernyakhivska culture.
Also known holihradskoyi culture.
Kievan Rus period
[edit][edit.] period of Kievan Rus On the high bank of the Seret remains of one of the largest settlements in the skirts ancient Rus, which are surrounded by triple ditches and ramparts.
Period of the Commonwealth (Речі Посполитої)
[edit]In the early 15 century near the former settlement on the Siret river, there Bilche settlement, which was first mentioned in historical documents in 1482.
In the second half of the 16 century it belonged to the family Shlyahtynskiy Yazlovetskis (шляхтинській Язловецьких). Then Bilche included to Chervonohrad County (Червоногородського повіту) Podolsk province (Подільського воєводства).
In the 16 century Bilche castle was built, but he could not completely protect the village from the attacks of Turks and Tatars. These raids retarded economic development of the village, inflicted terrible disasters of its residents.
By that time registry records in 1629, there were 37 homes, and in 1650 they still only 20. During the domination of the Commonwealth in the village nasadzhuvavsya (насаджувався) Catholicism and adapted. In 1600 he founded near Bilche Uniate (уніатський) monastery, whose ruins have preserved to this day (now the village Mezhgore Міжгір'я).
The documents in 1651 and 1652 Bilche mentioned as a town.
Farmers Bilche actively participated in the liberation war led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky ( Богдана Хмельницького) in 1648-1654, the 1740th helped Robin and Alex Dovbusha (Олексі Довбушу). Preserved many legends about Oleksy Dovbusha stay in this places. Stone block on the steep cliffs pryamovystiy Seret the people still call Dovbushevoyu (Довбушевою). By the way, is also a pagan altar, one of the few that have survived in the Ukraine).
Period Austrian
Princely family crypt of the chapel in parku1772 in the village established the Austrian authorities. In the 16 century village owned tycoons Potocki. According to 1787, land lands Bilche (with priselke Monastyrkom) were 1817 SIDS, including SIDS 402 arable land, 583 SIDS onion and vegetable gardens. The village was 249 peasant families who owned the remaining land. At this time there was a general conscription for all males of 14 years.
In 1810-1815 Bilche-Gold was in the Russian Empire. Many villagers fled oppression by the Right Bank Ukraine.
At the beginning of 1850th years in Bilche estate magnate bought Sapyeha. In 1866 bilchetska community filed a complaint against him by depriving her servitude, but the farmers have achieved nothing.
In 1890th years Bilche was classified as a small towns and it was named Bilche-Gold.
Late 19 - early 20 century in the town, there were 10 weavers who produced cloth. There were also blacksmiths, carpenters, tinsmith, and other craftsmen.
In 1900, the village folk had moved three-year school.
In 1914-1917 Bilche-gold in the Russian Empire.
Polish occupation
Michael Church. 2006V 1930 in the village worked two oil mill and manor. It was 12 artisans:
2 Stelmaha 3 blacksmiths 1 tailors and others. April 1, 1930 in the village has been declared a strike in filvarku Sapyehy. The villagers demanded wage increase. At that time, through the plight of the peasants began a mass emigration. In 1927-1938 the village drove more than 200 inhabitants of the ocean.
Since 1932 acted in the village school bilingual education in which all the main subjects taught in Polish, although Ukrainian eager to learn their native language.
[edit.] Second World War In September 1939 the village during the Soviet occupation. In 1940 was established marketing cooperative "Red Star", which united 40 families. In this year the village was opened as kindergarten, club, bibiloteku, the school introduced the Ukrainian language.
July 7, 1941 changed the German occupation. Soviet power has returned after April 8, 1944 again in the village since the brutal massacre of those who disagreed with it.
[edit.] Soviet period In 1967, the monument was built work. Since 1951 works in the village school and library.
In 1958 he was introduced to the Bilche-Zolotetska hydroelectric power 530 kilowatts.
[edit.] Modern period Now Bilche-Gold is one of the oldest and largest villages Borschevskogo area. The village also attracts tourists and speleologists gypsum cave Verteba.
[edit.] Architectural monuments The village is a stone Church of St. Michael, built by the princes Sapyehy in 1871. It was painted in 1912 by M. Sosenko.
In 1898 built a chapel. 1938 - bell after 20 years of Ukrainian People's Republic.
[edit.] Monuments
Monument to T. ShevchenkuU Bilche-Gold are two monuments to Taras Shevchenko in 1965 erected a monument to the fallen in the German-Soviet war soldiers also killed during the liberation of villages from the Nazi occupiers colonel V. Shylenkovi. There is a monument. A. Olzhych, a memorial cross dedicated to the abolition of serfdom, as well as a monument to soldiers of the UPA.
[edit.] Necropolis On the outskirts of the village is the tomb of the unknown Soviet soldiers. September 16, 1941 seventeen of the Soviet soldiers were taken prisoner and then shot on the slope of the mountain rock. At the grave monument - pyramidal obelisk, which is crowned by five-pointed star [3].
[edit.] Culture and recreation In Bilche-force Gold School I-III levels, library, 2 recreation, Interregional rehabilitation hospital, where the main doctor is V. Vershigora.
From: http://www.showcaves.com/english/explain/Index/index.html
Description Verteba Pestera is famous for remains from the Neolithic age. At this time the Trypillian proto-civilization lived in this area, built cities and used the cave for a cemetery. The Trypillian proto-civilization existed from the 6th to the end of 4th millennium BC. At this time the basics of civilization, such as the creation of reproductive economies, handicrafts, first bridges, and written language were developed.
A Trypillian settlement of the Late period is located close to the cave and was excavated during the 19th and 20st century by A. Kirkor, G. Ossovski, V. Demetrykevich, O. Kandyba, I. Sveshnikov, and M. Sokhatskij. The archaeologists found a bone plate from about 3,500 BC inside the cave, which has the punctuated silhouette of a goddess. This goddess became the symbol of Trypillia. The main collection of Trypillian painted pottery from Bilche, which are more than 300 vessels and figurines, are nowadays on display in the Krakow archaeological museum (Poland). Only a part of the findings are kept in Lviv Historical Museum and in Borschiv district museum.
Another part of the history of Verteba Pestera happened during World War II. In 1942 the Nazis invaded Ukraine and thus several Jewish families, 32 people including seniors and children used the cave as a hideout. They stayed for six months, but they could not find enough water and suffered from the toxic build-up of their cooking fire smoke. So in May 1943 they relocated to Popowa Yama (Priest's Grotto), an unexplored cave located beneath land owned by a local parish priest. All together they stayed underground for nearly two years.
The remains of their underground camp were discovered by Christos Nicola, an American caver, on an expedition in 1993. He spent ten years researching the story and found some living members of this groups. The whole story is published in the June/July 2004 issue of Adventure, a magazine of the National Geographic Society.
from the Ukrainian wikipedia article on the Verteba cave:
The name comes from the cave of the old "crib" - Cave yaruha.
Summary
One of the largest in Europe, the length of underground passages - 7820 m., specific volume = 6000 cubic meters
The cave consists of a broad galleries, separated by a narrow bar. Walls are smooth and dark on the vault - natichni натічний carbonate formation as kirok, rarely - a small stalactites ( "barrels", the abnormal structure Stalagmite, moonmilk).
In the XIX century. here found more than 300 whole vessels, more than 35 thousand clay and ceramic fragments, nearly 120 human figures, 200 pieces of bones and horns, 300 products from bone and stone. All this - examples of the ancient culture of Tripoli [1]. Usage During the 2-hoyi World War II and later used by soldiers of the UPA for shelter.
It is finding parking primitive people.
- ^ Videiko, Mykhailo Yu. "Settlements of the Trypillian culture in Ukraine : a short guide" (PDF). The Trypillian Civilization Society. The Trypillia-USA-Project. Retrieved 15 December 2009.
- ^ Tringham, Ruth (2005), "Weaving house life and death into places: a blueprint for a hypermedia narrative", in Bailey, Douglass W.; Whittle, Alasdair W.R.; Cummings, Vicki (eds.), (Un)settling the neolithic (PDF), Oxford: Oxbow, ISBN 1842171798, OCLC 62472378
{{citation}}: Check|author-link=value (help); External link in|author-link= - ^ Gimbutas, Marija Alseikaitė (1991), The civilization of the Goddess: the world of Old Europe, San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, ISBN 0-06-250368-5, OCLC 123210574
{{citation}}: Check|author-link=value (help); External link in|author-link=