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Lard oil is a low melting point fraction of lard. The oil is pressed from lard crystallized by cooling it to 7° C.

Lard oil is the clear, colourless oil pressed from pure lard after it has been crystallized, or grained, at 7° C (45° F). It is used as a lubricant, in cutting oils, and in soap manufacture. The solid residue, lard stearin, is used in shortenings and as a source of saturated fatty acids.

Lard oil: a versatile product

Lard oil is a liquid olein product derived from pig fat which is safe for human consumption.

Pig fat contains fractions with different melting points. Ten Kate has developed a process for mechanically separating the fractions with a low melting point (the olein fraction) and a high melting point (the stearine fraction). The olein fraction, which we sell under the name of lard oil, can be used for a wide range of purposes.

www.tenkate.nl/index.php/nl/2012-02-08-13-13-18/spacermenu/12-news-en/34-lard-oil-a-versatile-product The properties of lard oil are similar to those of arachid (or peanut) oil. For food producers, lard oil is as an excellent substitute for the more expensive fish oil and rape seed oil. Its special properties also make lard oil suitable for use in many technical products. For example, it is used in the leather industry to soften leather and in the metal industry lard oil is used as rolling oil.

History

A painting by the Russian artist A. I. Morozov showing frying in the open air

Frying is believed to have first appeared in the Ancient Egyptian kitchen, during the Old Kingdom, around 2500 BCE.

Confederate Mound is a mass grave located in Oak Woods Cemetery in Chicago,Illinois. It is the largest known mass grave in the western hemisphere

'Calvin DeWolf' was a prominent abolitionist and member of the Underground Railroad in Chicago, Illinois. Professionally, he was a schoolteacher,then a lawyer, a Justice of the Peace and an alderman on the Chicago City Council.

The oldest son of 13 children, DeWolf was born in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, February 18, 1815. Home schooled by his father with the aid of a professional Latin tutor, he was teaching school himself by age 19.

'Daniel Elston'

Soundex Code E423

Elston Avenue is named for Alderman Daniel Elston. (4th Ward, 1842-1843), (6th Ward, 1851-1853).

Daniel Elston is listed in the Encyclopedia of Chicago as a merchant; brickyard owner; and school inspector (1839).

Alderman Elston was said to have lived beyond the northern limits of civilization in Chicago. And the road that bears his name was the site of a Chicago-style "Boston Tea Party." (more follows)

Daniel Elston lived in the wilderness off a crooked wagon track parallel to what is now Milwaukee Avenue. The road ran north from Kinzie to the northern part of Niles.

In his Reminiscences of Early Chicago, author E.O. Gale described the inn marking the northern limits of civilized life on this road. There were no settlers "as far as our vision extends, although we are informed that along the Indian Trail, yonder, Daniel Elston is living."

Elston came to Chicago from London, where he was a well-to-do merchant, although he lost most of his goods when his ship foundered off the coast of Newfoundland.

Befitting a future Alderman, he had an eye for real estate speculation. He bought land in what would become the Niles and Jefferson areas.

Streetwise Chicago (p. 38) reports that Elston was an Alderman in 1837, but this has not been verified. The earliest he appears as an Alderman is 1842.

He founded the Daniel Elston State Bank. But the road he lived on generated more interest than Elston himself did. In his early days there, it was a toll road owned and operated by Amos J. Snell.

There was a toll gate at Division Street, a second at Lawrence Avenue, and a third at the intersection of Elston and Milwaukee.

In 1840, Snell was charging 2-1/2 cents a mile to travel this plank road. So heavy was the traffic, that William Ringer, an old toll keeper, once collected $790 on a single Sunday. This didn't set well with the local farmers who, dressed as Indians, chopped down the toll gates and burned them.