User:Sam.roebuck/Milecastle 1
| Milecastle 1 | |
|---|---|
| Tyne and Wear, England, UK | |
  Milecastle 1 Location in Tyne and Wear | |
| Coordinates | 54°59′01″N 1°33′02″W / 54.983494°N 1.550492°W |
| Grid reference | NZ300660 |
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Milecastle 1 (Stott's Pow) was a milecastle of the Roman Hadrian's Wall. It was located near the (now disappeared) valley of Stott's Pow. Its remains are covered over, and are located beneath the recreation ground at Miller's Dene.[1] Early excavations and investigations of Turret 0B were mistakenly interpreted as Milecastle 1.[2]
Construction
[edit]Milecastle 1 was a short-axis milecastle of unkonwn gateway type. Short-axis milecastles were thought to have been constructed by the legio II Augusta who were based in Isca Augusta (Caerleon).[3]
Excavations and investigations
[edit]- 1732 - Horsley recorded the milecastle as short-axis and also its proximity to Stott's Pow.[4]
- 1852-4 - MacLauchlan surveyed the milecastle's position and recorded it as a short-axis milecastle.[5]
| “ | On the top of the rise about 80 yds from the brook (Stott's Pow) is the site of the first milecastle. The ground is under tillage, but its slightly elevated surface, (has a) number of small stones... sprinkled over it... | ” |
- 1928 - F G Simpson tested the site and found only Roman occupation soil and debris remained, assuming that even the foundations had been robbed away. Simpson measured from outside edge of the east gate of Segedunum to the centre of Milecastle 1 at 1,443 yards (1,319 m). His measurements between the centres of Milecastle 1 and Milecastle 2 was ed 1,453 yards (1,329 m).[6]
- 1947 - The recreation ground which now covers the site of Milecastle 1 was leveled in 1947. Part of the "Wall Ditch" and traces of the milecastle were still according to Grace Simpson. She also stated in her notes (circa 1978) that the fragment of Wall Ditch had now completely disappeared but the trace of the milecastle was still faintly discernible.[6]
- 1975 - English Heritage Field Investigation. It was noted that:[6]
| “ | The site falls in landscaped gardens surrounding a bowling green and there is no trace of the Milecastle. | ” |
Associated Turrets
[edit]Turret 1A
[edit]Turret 1A was probably located very near to what is now the junction of the A187 Fossway, and Coutts Road. This is based on measurement, and no evidence of the turret has been identified.[7] An alternative location would be a third of a Roman mile between the site of Horsely's Milcastle 1 (Milecastle 0#Turret 0B and Milecastle 2 (location also doubtful).[8]
Location on Ordnance Survey 1:25 000 map: 54°58′55″N 1°33′25″W / 54.981990°N 1.557071°W
Alternative location on Ordnance Survey 1:25 000 map: 54°59′01″N 1°32′57″W / 54.983713°N 1.549161°W
Turret 1B
[edit]Turret 1B (Turret Name) was probably located just west of the junction of the A187 Fossway, and Roman Avenue. This location was suggested by FG Simpson, and is based on measurements from Milecastle 2 (who's location is also in doubt). No evidence of the turret has been identified.[9]
Location on Ordnance Survey 1:25 000 map: 54°58′52″N 1°33′48″W / 54.981069°N 1.563253°W
Monument Records
[edit]| Monument | Monument Number | National Monuments Record Number |
| Milecastle 1 | 24837 | NZ 26 NE 24 |
| Turret 1A | 24781 | NZ 26 NE 4 |
| Turret 1A (alternative) |
24778 | NZ 26 NE 3 |
| Turret 1B | 24786 | NZ 26 NE 5 |
References
[edit]- ^ a b Breeze, David J (1934), Handbook to the Roman Wall (14th Revised edition - Nov 2006), Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, p. 141, ISBN 0901082651 Cite error: The named reference "handbook" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ "Turret 0B". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
- ^ David J Breeze and Brian Dobson (1976). Hadrian's Wall. Allen Lane. pp. 14–15. ISBN 0140271821.
- ^ Horsley, John (1732), Britannia Romana or the Roman Antiquities of Britain, Frank Graham (published 1974), ISBN 085983090X
- ^ Maclauchlin, Henry (1858), Memoir Written During A Survey Of The Roman Wall: Through The Counties Of Northumberland And Cumberland, In The Years 1852-1854, Kessinger Publishing Co, ISBN 1437058035
- ^ a b c d "Milecastle 1". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
- ^ "Turret 1A". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
- ^ "Alternative Turret 1A". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
- ^ "Turret 1B". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
Forts and structures of Hadrian's Wall | ||
|---|---|---|
| Wall Forts (East to West) |   | |
| Outpost Forts | ||
| Stanegate Forts |
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| Supply Forts | ||
| Cumbrian Coast Forts (North to South) |
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| Milecastles | ||
| Milefortlets | ||
| Other structures on Hadrian's Wall | ||
| Regular and linear features | ||
[[Category:Milecastles of Hadrian's Wall|01]]