User:SCHolar44

Main Portal Category Help

Subpages to this User page

My sandbox and other pages that I use when developing articles simultaneously:

Sandbox

Sub-page 1

Sub-page 2

Sub-page 3

Sub-page 4

Clerestory

Sub-page 6

Sub-page 7

Yinkanie

Each of these has a Talk page for comments and queries about the article content.

Why I'm a Wikipedian

I first became involved in writing for Wikipedia, in 2007, when I was impressed that Wikipedia offered a unique opportunity to help to democratise knowledge. This had followed the newly negotiated Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement that among other things required Australia to increase the period covered by copyright to align with that of the United States – a major impediment to scholarship. Wikipedia exemplified the opposite of that development. Skills and experience that I utilise as a Wikipedia contributor include: utilising an extensive background in science, engineering and strategic management consulting distilling long, complex research project reporting into brief text for non-specialist readers writing high-level policy and strategic plans drafting legislation tutoring senior managers in advanced business writing preparing or editing PR material, speeches and media scripts practising some skills in graphic design and image editing. These are underpinned by a life-long love of studying languages (my native English and others) and the processes of logical thinking; and tertiary studies that include English. Reflecting this, I've been a longstanding executive member of an editors' society. In some subject areas, I start writing Wikipedia articles after engaging one or more colleagues expert in the subject but who are not interested in writing for Wikipedia – sometimes because of the heavy citation obligations and/or the need to learn a form of html, and sometimes because of difficulties they have had with self-appointed "editing police". They make a real difference by contributing advice, sources and suitable reference material, and sometimes they review and comment on my drafts. We all enjoy this collaboration – and they especially enjoy not having to jump the hurdles of writing for Wikipedia.  :-) Additionally I am keen to dig out and include analogue (papyrus-based) reference material; I fear that before long, not many people will be prepared to search the vast stores of knowledge created before the digital world emerged. What have I left out? The sheer joy of digging out facts and making them accessible to anyone who cares to read our articles. If you're reading this, you know about it too, and the good will and collegiality that makes Wikipedia work brilliantly.

© TOC

Tags

Cvt

Sources of help

Help directory

See the Help Directory for the directory of Wikipedia's how-to and information pages, alongside other related administrative pages in the Wikipedia and Help namespaces.

Help desk

Wikipedia: Help desk

Wikimedia Commons: Help desk

[All pages with prefix (User namespace)]

Frequently asked questions

---

More FAQ topics

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

• Index of FAQs
• Main FAQ
• Overview
• Readers
• Schools
• Contributing
• Editing
• Featured articles
• Administrators
• Blocks
• Technical
• Problems
• Article subjects
• Categories
• Categorization
• Copyright
• Forking
• Templates
• Main Page
• Miscellaneous

Publishing

Article structure

Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout

Manual of style

WP:MOS

or

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style

Reliable sources (guidelines on)

Wikipedia:Reliable sources

"Wikipedia requires inline citations for any material challenged or likely to be challenged, and for all quotations."

Meaning of "published"

See Wikipedia:Published.

"All reliable sources must be both published and accessible to at least some people."

"For Wikipedia's purposes, published means any source that is made available to the public in some form. The term published is most commonly associated with text materials, either in traditional printed format or online. However, audio, video, and multimedia materials that have been recorded then broadcast, distributed, or archived may also meet the necessary criteria to be considered a reliable source. Like text sources, media sources must be normally produced by a third party and be properly cited, although self-published sources are also considered "published" for Wikipedia's purposes and can sometimes be used in articles. Additionally, an archived copy of the media must exist and be available to the general public. ... The definition also encompasses material such as documents in publicly accessible archives, inscriptions on monuments, gravestones, etc., that are available for anyone to see." [CH: Similarly, signs -- {{cite sign}}.]

Self-published and user-generated sources

Self-published sources are largely not acceptable. Self-published books and newsletters, personal pages on social networking sites, tweets, and posts on Internet forums are all examples of self-published media. Self-published expert sources may be considered reliable when produced by an established expert on the subject matter, whose work in the relevant field has previously been published by reliable, independent publications.

Content from websites whose content is largely user-generated is generally unacceptable. Sites with user-generated content include personal websites, personal and group blogs (excluding newspaper and magazine blogs), content farms, Internet forums, social media sites, fansites, video and image hosting services, most wikis and other collaboratively created websites. See tag here.

Verifiability, not truth

See essays: Verifiability, not truth and Truth.

Advice to new editors

Colin Fine prepared a template to give his take on this subject: {{User:ColinFine/PractiseFirst}}

-- which renders as:

My earnest advice to new editors is to not even think about trying to create an article until you have spent several weeks - at least - learning about how Wikipedia works by making improvements to existing articles. Once you have understood core policies such as verifiability, neutral point of view, reliable, independent sources, and notability, and experienced how we handle disagreements with other editors (the Bold, Revert, Discuss cycle), then you might be ready to read your first article carefully, and try creating a draft.

(There's nothing to prevent anyone creating their own template. Since I use Typinator text expander a lot, I just use that.)

Editing-management processes

New page

For Wikimedia Commons, use the Upload Wizard page.

For Wikipedia, this can be used to create an article:

REMEMBER to add {{disambiguation}} on a separate line after entering the page content.

User subpage, creating

From Wikipedia:User pages#Creating a subpage:

In the Wikipedia search box type User:SCHolar44/subpageN <== (Where N is the numeral of the next page -- 1 to start with) and press ENTER. This will bring you to a page with the title User:SCHolar44/subpageN. Now click the CREATE button next to the Wikipedia search box and your new subpage will be created for you. Click on EDIT, enter a few test words (perhaps a mention of what you'll be putting on it) and click the "Publish changes" button. You may also wish to tick "Watch this page" and/or "This is a minor edit". You will notice that, differently from your User page, the subpage contains a backlink to your User page.

On my User page I prefer to have a linked list of subpages, so I type in the User page: [[/subpage1]] – contains a draft article on '''[The title in bold]''', which renders as:

/subpage1 – contains a draft article on [The title in bold]

Page information (including visitor details)

From the page on which you want information, click "Page information", at the bottom of "Tools", in the sidebar.

See also Pageviews Analysis -- queries include User talk, Template talk in addition to mainspace articles, and comparison of pageviews across multiple pages.

Notice when editing is in progress

To signify that a page is actively undergoing a major edit, see Template:In use.

Put the code at the top of the article -- or section in the case of {{In use|section}}.

{{In use|time=~~~~~}} will render as:

To "reserve" a more specific length of time and/or provide a message, you can use the text parameter to tell visitors of your intentions:

{{In use|time or other message}}

Example: {{In use|(most likely) 24 hours from {{CURRENTTIME}} (UTC) {{CURRENTDAYNAME}}}}

-- which renders as:

Redirect (Wikipedia)

Wikipedia:Redirect

With a movefile right, just use the "Move & Replace" tab as you would normally do to a regular page.

Or enter the title to be created here (from Wikipedia:How_to_make_a_redirect):

My most used category is [[Category:Redirects from alternative names|Redirects from alternative names]]. To add a redirect to this category, place {{Rcat shell|{{R from alternative name}}}} on the second new line (i.e., skip a line) below #REDIRECT [[Target page name]]. See also: Wikipedia:Naming conventions (common names).

Redirect (Commons)

See Commons:File renaming

To move a [re-named] page, with a movefile right, just use the "Move & Replace" tab as you would normally do to a regular page; otherwise see Commons:File renaming#How to rename a file.

To create a Redirect in Commons from a commonly used search term to an existing article:

In a Commons page (e.g. my User Page but anywhere will do, temporarily), in Edit mode, type -- in double square brackets -- the Redirect term you want to have, then click "Show Preview". Since the page does not exist, the link appears in red . Click on it to create the page (click "Leave page", which will cancel the page you've been on). Then in the new page, in Edit mode, enter):

#REDIRECT [[name of the target page, preceded by "File:"]]

Click the Preview button to check all is correct. In the Edit summary, type in e.g. Redirect from common search term. Un-tick "Watch this page" and click Publish page. Check that the link works.

If it is a Category redirect, type the Redirect term you want to have and place it within double square brackets, preceded by a colon and the word "Category" – this prevents the redirect appearing in this category – then follow with the name of the existing category page.

#REDIRECT [[:Category:Name of the existing target page]]

Delete the temporary article name that you put in square brackets.

Reaching consensus – the BRD cycle

Wikipedia:BOLD, revert, discuss cycle

"The BOLD, revert, discuss cycle (BRD) is an optional method of reaching consensus. It can be useful for identifying objections, keeping discussion moving forward and helping to break deadlocks. In other situations, you may have better success with alternatives to this approach. Care and diplomacy should be exercised. Some editors will see any reversion as a challenge, so be considerate and patient."

Dispute resolution

WP:DR

or

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution

Reverting

See Help:Reverting.

Vandalism

See Template:Uw-vandalism1 for various levels of severity of warning.

Request deletion of a Commons page

Click the "Delete this page" link in the sidebar.

See (in Wikimedia Commons): Nominate for deletion. (Remember I have moving rights in Commons.)

For deletion policy for articles in Wikipedia, see: Deletion process

For extending the period over which a nominated deletion article (in Wikipedia) is discussed, see: Relisting discussions.

Writing

Over-linking, under-linking

See Overlinking and underlinking.

Essay on Community and communication

How Wikipedia Works – Chapter 12

Images in a gallery

See my documentation in Word, e.g. Gallery coding 2 across.docx. Based on wikibooks:Editing Wikitext/Pictures/Images in Containers.

Remember to consider a tag leading to a Commons category collection:

Getting hold of sources

(Dead link; find new one) ####

"Main article:" and "Further info:" pointers

In its own paragraph (often under a heading):

{{Main|ARTICLE TITLE}}

-- which renders as:

Main article: ARTICLE

{{further|ARTICLE TITLE}}

-- which renders as:

Further information: ARTICLE

Within a paragraph: {{crossref|(For more information, see [[ARTICLE TITLE]].)}}

-- which renders as:

... the localities where the "Old Ghan" was serviced. (For more information, see Central Australia Railway.) Blah blah blah.

Lead section (lede)

Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section

Link to Wiktionary

For example in "External links" section:

{{wiktionary-inline|WORD}}

-- which renders, for example, as:

• The dictionary definition of discombobulate at Wiktionary.

Commonwealth/Australian/American spelling

{{abbr|AusE|Australian English}}
{{abbr|BE|British English}} or {{abbr|BrE|British English}}
{{abbr|AE|American English}} or {{abbr|AmE|American English}}
{{abbr|CwthE|Commonwealth English}}

Example (shows a tooltip when you hover):

... streetcars (AmE) / trams (CwthE) ...

Present tense

My Typinator abbreviation to point to the "Relative time references" article: wpresent

–- which renders as: The statement is likely to become outdated: see the guidance here. ← Links to here.

Articles include:

• Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch#Relative time references
• Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Statements likely to become outdated
• Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Verb tense

See Wikipedia: Statements likely to become outdated.

If it is possible to predict when a statement will need updating, use the {{Update after}} template to indicate when it should be updated.

See #As of for coding.

This paragraph is especially relevant to careless "now/at present/currently" usage:

When material in an article may become out of date, follow the Wikipedia:As of guideline, which allows information to be written in a less time-dependent way. (The "as of" technique is implemented in the {{As of}} template; it additionally tags information that will become dated. {{as of|2024|11}} produces the text As of November 2024 and categorises the article appropriately. "A new widget is currently being developed" can usefully become something like "a new widget was under development as of 2008" or, if supported by a source, "it was announced in November 2007 that a new widget was being developed" (no need for {{As of}} template). The {{Age}} template will always display current age when the text is displayed in Wikipedia, but will not be correct for printouts and non-live text: a person born on 25 December 2000 will be 23 [entered as {{Age|2000|12|25}}] years old now.) There are also several templates for alerting readers to time-sensitive wording problems. (For example, the template {{When}} is available for editors to indicate when a sentence, or part of one, should be worded more precisely. The {{Out of date}} template may be used when an article's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information.)

Quoting CC0 and CC-BY text

See Template:Reflist-talk

<ref>{{CC-notice|cc=by4|url=https: ...}}<ref>

-- for CC BY 4.0 ("cc=by4") this renders as:

References

-- for CC0 ("cc=zero") this renders as:

References

Categories

Creating a new Wikipedia category

See: Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization and Contents#Categories

To check which categories already exist, the best way is to browse. Either start at Wikipedia:Browse or start at Category:Articles, which shows the "top" level categories, to which all other categories should be connected. A list of all categories can be found at Special:Categories – there are many thousands listed but you can jump through them using the search box. Category:Wikipedia categories is the standard top-level category provided by the MediaWiki software, but orphan categories (categories without any parent categories) can exist. Category Tree browser at the Toolserver is a JavaScript category browser, but it is marked "deprecated". Cat Scan, also at the Toolserver, can be used to find subcategories.

Deleting a Wikipedia category

If you believe a category falls within Wikipedia:Category deletion policy, bring it up on Wikipedia:Categories for discussion.

Principles for naming/choosing Commons categories

See Commons:Categories.

Navigate the category structure starting from a generic category (but don't choose it). Narrow your search down to subcategories until you find the most specific category that fits the file you uploaded, and choose that. You can navigate the category structure by following links to subcategories, or expanding the tree of subcategories by clicking on the little ▶ symbols on subcategory names. Always place an image in the most specific categories, and not in the levels above those – and those categories should in turn be placed in their most specific categories.

Content depicting a given subject from a common vantage point are grouped in Views of Subject from Viewpoint categories such as Views of Cathedral of Seville from the Giralda. Such categories should be subcategories of both the subject's category (Cathedral of Seville in this example) and the viewpoint's category (Giralda in this example).

In this example, the Views of Cathedral of Seville from the Giralda category is not placed directly in the subject and viewpoint categories, but in Views of the Cathedral of Seville and Views from Giralda. Such intermediate categories are often necessary to create structure and avoid over-categorization, particularly for views of a city from a vantage point located within the city. For example, Views of Rome from the Pincio needs the intermediate category Views of Rome to avoid placing it directly in Rome, which would constitute over-categorization.

Creating a new category in Commons

See Creating a new category

To see whether the category exists, type in "category:" followed by the name of a category that may exist, then click "Find category":

NB: Commons↓

 

To create a new category:

1. Make sure there isn't an existing category that will serve the purpose: do a thorough search.
2. Find images (or a gallery or other pages) that should be put in the new category. Edit that page, and at the end insert the new category reference. e.g. [[Category:Title]].
3. Save the edited page. The new category appears as a red link at the bottom of the page.
4. Click on that red link. The new, empty, category page appears for editing. You can now edit the category like any other wiki page.

A category page should contain the following information (in order of importance):

• Category-links that put it into one or more parent categories. At the bottom of the new page, insert lines of the form [[Category:Relevant categories]].
• If the title is not clear or unambiguous enough on its own, add a short description that explains what should be in the category.
• Add interwiki or interlanguage links to the article or category with the same topic in Wikipedia by adding the appropriate sitelinks on the corresponding Wikidata page. After creating the category page, to add the links click "Add links" under "In Wikipedia" on the bottom of the sidebar to the left.
• If the category should be sorted according to a string different from the category title, add a {{DEFAULTSORT:}}. For instance, the title of a category about a person would not be the right sort string. For such categories, insert just before the categories a line like {{DEFAULTSORT:Lastname, Firstname}} with the correct sort string. See meta:Categories#Sort key for more information.

See also How to categorize: guidance by topic for guidance on specific classes of category, e.g. categories about People.

Renaming a category in Commons

See Commons:Rename a category

Category redirect

See Template:Category redirect

This tag should be used on existing categories that are likely to be used by others, even though the "real" category is elsewhere. Redirected categories should be empty and not categorised themselves.

{{Category redirect |1=NAME OF TARGET CATEGORY|reason=REASON}}

Deleting a Commons category

Go to the category page (Category:[cat name]); in sidebar, click "Nominate category for deletion"; give reasons.

Citations

Comprehensive article on many factors in citation, including citation density: Inline citation

Inclusion of "et al" in citation

Include in the citation: |display-authors=etal

Inclusion of footnote reference in citation

{{cite web |url=https://www.alrc.gov.au/publication/copyright-and-the-digital-economy-ip-42/crown-use-of-copyright-material/ |title=Copyright and the digital economy |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2012|at=Footnote 228 |website=Australian Law Reform Commission |access-date=20 July 2021 }}

-- which renders as:

"Copyright and the digital economy". Australian Law Reform Commission. 2012. Footnote 228. Retrieved 20 July 2021.

Inclusion of two refs in citation, one inside the other

Include within the ref (citation) details |postscript=, TEXT (note the comma, which is required for setting the punctuation in the list of references) followed by: quoted in {{second reference}}

Inclusion of "Cited in" in citation

South Australian Railways (1967). Weekly Notice 44/67. Cited in {{cite web |url=https://www.comrails.com/routes/route_portpirie.html |title=Route information Adelaide to Port Pirie |first=Chris |last=Drymalik |date=2021 |website=Chris's Commonwealth railways information (ComRails) |publisher=Chris Drymalik |access-date=12 September 2021 }}

-- which renders as:

South Australian Railways (1967). Weekly Notice 44/67. Cited in Drymalik, Chris (2021). "Route information Adelaide to Port Pirie". Chris's Commonwealth railways information (ComRails). Chris Drymalik. Retrieved 12 September 2021.

Inclusion of quotation in citation

See Template:Citation#Quote.

Example:

Bird, Kim (2012). "250, 100, 280 class railcars of the South Australian Railways". Proceedings of the 2012 Convention. Modelling the Railways of South Australia. Adelaide. p. 3‑390. One of the drawing office staff relates how they spent months reading '...Yankee magazines and extracting all the articles on Budd Rail Diesel Cars'.

Inclusion of copied CC BY text in citation

<ref>{{Cite SLQ-CC-BY|url= URL |title=TITLE|author= AUTHOR<kbd><span style="color: #FF740C">'''<nowiki>|date=DATE|website=WEBSITE|access-date=DATE}}</ref>

-- which renders, for example, as:

This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: "Wangkangurru". State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 26 January 2024.

Inclusion of comment in citation (postscript)

Include within the ref (citation) details |postscript=. TEXT OF COMMENT (note the full stop, which is required for setting the punctuation in the list of references)

-- which renders as, for example:

Watson, Diane; Watson, Kent (2017). "I came out of Bataan and I shall return". Monument Australia. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017. (Contains misquote.){{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

Inclusion of search details in citation

<ref>{{cite web|title= Search result for 'SUBJECT' → FURTHER DOWN, E.G. TABS |url=URL |website=WEBSITE |publisher=PUBLISHER |access-date=ACCESS DATE}}</ref>

-- which renders as, for example:

"Search result for 'Salisbury' → Mayor, Central Ward + 6 others". Election Commission South Australia. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 18 January 2024.

Citation to implement location found via Google Earth or Google Maps

If in Google Earth, click and hold down the locality marker, then click on the link "Learn more in Google Maps". The Google Maps web page appears.

Copy the URL from the Google Maps web page. Insert the title you want (or omit the "title=" parameter -- but that will add yet another "Google Maps" to the citation).

Example:
<ref>{{Google maps |url=https://www.google.com.au/maps/search/Hutt+Street,+Adelaide+SA/@-34.9308691,138.6094733,16z |title=Hutt Street|access-date=10 November 2024}}</ref>

-- which renders as:

"Hutt Street" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 10 November 2024.

Citing an archived website (archive-url)

See Template:Citation#Web.

My Typinator abbreviation: warchive

– which renders as:

<ref>{{cite web |url=ORIGINAL URL| archive-url=ARCHIVE URL|url-status=dead|archive-date=DATE|title=TITLE |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=20nn |website=WEBSITE |publisher=PUBLISHER|access-date=ACCESS DATE }}</ref>

Citation of Australian Acts (manually)

Discussed in Template talk:Cite Legislation AU#Getting the format right if the template fails.

With austlii as the source, this ought to work:

{{Cite Legislation AU | SA | act (or num_act) | title | section (optional)}}

– which renders as, for example:

[https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/Outback Communities (Administration and Management) Act 2009/ s. 8] ( SA )

or this:
{{Cite Legislation AU |SA |num_act |tntsa946o1907453 |The Northern Territory Surrender Act 1907 }}

– which renders as, for example:
The Northern Territory Surrender Act 1907 (SA)

However, if austlii is faulty (most likely with the code number, tntsa946o1907453 in this case) manual formatting may be necessary.

This is the formatting described below:

''The Port Augusta and Northern Railway Act 1862'' authorised ...<ref>''Nomenclature Act 1917 (SA)'' [http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/num_act/na1284o1917196/(ADD SPACE&NBSP]</ref>

The Cite Legislation AU template can fail. I've come to prefer coding manually to achieve a plain-and-simple linked footnote reference (the same output) with:

• the Act in italics
• jurisdiction in roman
• a link to Austlii or a jurisdiction register via a box-and-arrow () icon.

This is not difficult. Two complications arise, but they are easily overcome.

1. Remove the superfluous number from the footnote

By default, an unwanted number in square brackets () will appear at the end of the footnote, as in Reference no. 1 below.

A little trick easily removes it. In Edit view, immediately after the URL (i.e., before the closing square bracket) add a space followed by a non-breaking space:

2. Make space to clear italics in the body text

If the Act's title is included in the body of the article and doesn't include the jurisdiction after the enactment year – e.g. The Port Augusta and Northern Railway Act 1862 – italicising may cause the last character to impinge on the footnote number that follows it, as in:

... blah blah. The Port Augusta and Northern Railway Act 1862 was assented to on 18th December.

This is best countered by adding a thin space after the last character:

... blah blah. The Port Augusta and Northern Railway Act 1862 was assented to on 18th December.

Citation for an Act not listed by Austlii

The above formatting can be applied equally to an Act that isn't listed by Austlii; for example:

Sydney Railway Company Act 1849

References

↑ Coding of this box is covered in Reflist on a Talk page (in a panel).

Copyright

70-year terms

Wikipedia:Public domain

70-year copyright terms came into effect in 2005 when the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) amendments were made to the Copyright Act. Prior to 2005, terms were generally 50 years. But, the 2005 changes were not applied retrospectively or to government publications, therefore, to calculate the copyright status of older works, it is necessary to determine whether or not copyright had expired by 2005.

– from How long does copyright last? (NLA)

PD, copyright and CC selection (TOC)

Note: the year 1974 in this section advances annually.

The article covering the main template used in the following licence notices is Template:PD-because ← in Wikimedia Commons.

Australian Government copyright policy:
https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/duration-provisions-table-may-2018.pdf

---

PD DEDICATIONS    

Owner CC0

Author CC0  (attributed)

Attribution only

GOVERNMENT WORKS      🏢  📸  📄  

Govt works  1945 and earlier

Govt works  CC BY

AU Govt works   1946 and later

SA Govt works   1946 and later

Vic Govt works   1946 and later

NT Govt works   1946 and later

NON-GOVERNMENT PHOTOS      👤  📸

Before 1955

After 1955

SLSA

NON-GOVERNMENT, NON-PHOTOGRAPHIC WORKS      👤  📄

Before 1955

After 1955

U.S. COPYRIGHT RELEVANT TO AUSTRALIA (FOR COMMONS UPLOADS)   

Before 1989

Before 1904

---

PD dedication (CC0) as owner

Unattributed, when I own copyright

CC zero waiver icon

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdowner

{{PD-self}}

– which renders as:

© TOC ↑

---

PD dedications (CC0) as author (attributed)

Attributed when desired (if I am the author; links to my Talk page at Wikipedia)

My Typinator abbreviation: authorattrib

{{PD-author|[[w:User talk:SCHolar44|SCHolar44]]}}

– which renders as:

© TOC ↑

Alternatively, use an "Attribution only" licence

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdattrib only

{{Attribution only license|1=User: SCHolar44 |2= |nolink= SCHolar44|text=Wikimedia Commons participant SCHolar44.}}

– which renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

© TOC ↑

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Government works – before 1 January 1946

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdgovpre1946

Works by Australian governments before 1 January 1946

Note: Works created by Australian governments enter the public domain after 50 years – i.e. if made before 1974. However, works hosted on the Wikimedia Foundation's servers, which are located in the US, must comply with US copyright law. Therefore, works made in Australia must be PD in Australia at the URAA date (1 January 1996) – i.e., made before 1 January 1946 – to be PD in the US jurisdiction. {{PD-1996|country=Australia}} must therefore be added to the copyright notice (it's included in the Typinator abbreviation). Before 1904, {{PD-US-unpublished}} is an alternative. On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work". On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either: enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or copy, first, this wikitext into the window. {{PD-because|the work was made, or first published, by the Commonwealth of Australia or an Australian state or territory before 1 January {{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-50}}. The Australian Government's policy on [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-centre/publications/duration-copyright duration of Australian copyright] specifies that the duration of copyright in a work made by these governments expires 50 years after the year in which it was made.}} The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different): next, copy this wikitext, which covers the pre-URAA date factor in the US: {{PD-1996|country=Australia}} The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different): finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance: <big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]]. -- which renders as: ↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

© TOC ↑

---

Government works – 1946 and later

Note: Works created by Australian governments enter PD after 50 years – i.e. in 2024, if made before 1974. However, works hosted on the Wikimedia Foundation's servers, which are located in the US, must comply with US copyright law. US PD for Government works made in Australia expires on the URAA date (1 January 1996) – i.e., in respect of works made after 31 December 1945.

For government works made on/after 1 January 1946, follow the procedure at:

• CC BY Australian Government
• CC BY SA Government
• CC BY Victorian Government
• CC BY Northern Territory Government.

© TOC ↑

---

Collage of PD drawings made by government and assembled by me

See my file: Copyright notices -- collage of SAR PD drawings pre-1946.pdf. An example is at 520 class design collage

If the original drawings were created before 31 December 1945, enter this (because of US copyright jurisdiction for Wikimedia Commons):

|Permission=The original drawings were created by an agency of an Australian government and were published ca. 1945. Due to the 50 year Crown Copyright term for Australian government works, the copyright expired at the end of 1995. As such they were in the public domain on the URAA restoration date for Australia (1 January 1996) and are also in the public domain in the US. The collage with headings and captions, created by User:SCHolar44, contains insufficient creative input to attract separate copyright as a derivative work. The creator has also pre-emptively released any such copyright, should one arise, under the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication ({{CC-zero}}).

Licence is {{PD-scan-two|PD-AustraliaGov||PD-1996}}

If after 1 January 1946, invoke blanket CC BY (Australian governments).

© TOC ↑

---

PD pre-1904 photos (not SLSA)

Note: the year in the above heading and in the wording of the first ("PD-because") tag advances annually.

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdpre1902photo

For Australian photographs (not from SLSA) taken before 1 January 1904.

Relevance (Australia): None (only aspect relevant is that it is pre-1955).

Relevance (United States for Wikimedia Commons): Works created before 1904 are unequivocally PD in the US; the {{PD-US-unpublished}} template can therefore be used in addition to the Australian statement.

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
• enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
• copy, first, this wikitext into the window.

{{PD-because|the photo was taken before 1 January 1955. The Australian Government's policy on [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-centre/publications/duration-copyright duration of copyright] specifies that copyright in a photograph made before 1 January 1955 has expired.}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

• next, copy this wikitext, which covers pre-1904 PD in the US:

{{PD-US-unpublished}}

-- which renders as:

• finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:

<big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

If an amendment is needed, it can be entered in Edit mode under the ''int:license-header'' heading.

© TOC ↑

---

PD pre-1904 images (not photo or engraving or SLSA)

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdpre1902image

For Australian non-photographic images (not from SLSA) made before 1 January 1904.

Relevance (Australia): The author died pre-1955. Rationale: author was at least 25 in 1904 (few if any young artists were published at that time) and did not live beyond age 80 – life expectancy in Australia in 1955 was 69.81 years (https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/AUS/australia/life-expectancy).

Relevance (United States for Wikimedia Commons): Works created before 1904 are unequivocally PD in the US; the {{PD-US-unpublished}} template can therefore be used in addition to the Australian statement.

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
• enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
• copy, first, this wikitext into the window.

{{PD-because|the author died before 1 January 1955. The Australian Government's policy on [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-centre/publications/duration-copyright duration of copyright] specifies that copyright in an artistic work (not being an engraving or photograph) made by an author who died before 1 January 1955 has expired.}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

• next, copy this wikitext, which covers pre-1904 PD in the US:

{{PD-US-unpublished}}

-- which renders as:

• finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:

<big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

If an amendment is needed, it can be entered in Edit mode under the ''int:license-header'' heading.

© TOC ↑

---

Photo repair (blemishes) notice – SLSA

My Typinator abbreviation: wblemish

Added (after location=) when a photo has been repaired. The final sentence is for the reason field. Delete mention of SLSA when applicable.

This image originates in a medium-resolution download available free of charge from the State Library of South Australia website (see "Source"). Changes made before uploading to Wikimedia Commons included rotation, improvements to exposure, contrast and other values, and removal of blemishes, scratches, dust and chemical marks. The image with its faults can be downloaded free from the library's website. The website states that a higher-resolution image is available for purchase from the library. •••Note about restoration of damage.•••

PD pre-1904 images (SLSA)

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdSLSApre1902

For Australian photographs curated by SLSA taken before 1 January 1904.

Relevance (Australia): None (only aspect relevant is that it is pre-1955).

Relevance (Wikimedia Commons): Works created before 1904 are unequivocally PD in the US; the {{PD-US-unpublished}} template can therefore be used in addition to the Australian statement.

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
• enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
• copy, first, this wikitext into the window.

{{PD-because|the State Library of South Australia website (see "Source"), from which the image file was downloaded, states that the photograph has no known copyright restrictions. Since the photograph was taken before 1 January 1955, the statement is consistent with the Australian Government's policy on [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-centre/publications/duration-copyright duration of copyright], which specifies that copyright in a photograph made before 1 January 1955 has expired.}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

• next, copy this wikitext, which covers pre-1904 PD in the US:

{{PD-US-unpublished}}

-- which renders as:

• finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:

<big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

© TOC ↑

---

Pre-1955 SLSA photos

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdSLSApre1955

For Australian photographs curated by SLSA taken between 1 January 1904 and 31 December 1954.

• For pre-1904 SLSA photos, see here.
• For ΩΩΩ

Reason: Photos created in Australia before 1 January 1955 are PD in Australia. In the US jurisdiction (which applies to Wikimedia Commons because their servers are in the US), (Applies before 1904 too, but for that, PD-US-unpublished is better.)

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
• enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
• copy, first, this wikitext into the window.

{{PD-because|the State Library of South Australia website (see "Source"), from which the image file was downloaded, states that the photograph has no known copyright restrictions. Since the photograph was taken before 1 January 1955, the statement is consistent with the Australian Government's policy on [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-centre/publications/duration-copyright duration of copyright], which specifies that copyright in a photograph made before 1 January 1955 has expired.}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

• next, copy this wikitext, which covers the pre-URAA date factor in the US:

{{PD-1996|country=Australia}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

• finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:

<big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.
 

© TOC ↑

---

Pre-1974 SLSA images

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdSLSApre1955

For Australian photographs curated by SLSA taken between 1 January 1904 and 31 December 1955.

Reason: Works created in Australia before the URAA date (1 January 1996) are PD in the US jurisdiction, which applies because Wikimedia's servers are in the US. (Applies before 1904 too, but for that, PD-US-unpublished is better.)

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
• enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
• copy, first, this wikitext into the window.

{{PD-because|the State Library of South Australia website (see "Source"), from which the image file was downloaded, states that the photograph has no known copyright restrictions. Since the photograph was taken before 1 January 1955, the statement is consistent with the Australian Government's policy on [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-centre/publications/duration-copyright duration of copyright], which specifies that copyright in a photograph made before 1 January 1955 has expired.}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

• next, copy this wikitext, which covers the pre-URAA date factor in the US:

{{PD-1996|country=Australia}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

• finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:

<big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

© TOC ↑

---

Pre-1955 works (non-government) (not photos or engravings)

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdpre1955nonGovNonPhoto

For Australian works (not made by a government, not photos or engravings, author unknown) made public before 1 Jan 1955.

Rationale: Works created in Australia before the URAA date (1 January 1996) are PD in the US jurisdiction, which applies because Wikimedia's servers are in the US. (Applies before 1904 too, but for that, PD-US-unpublished is better.)

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
• enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
• copy, first, this wikitext into the window.

{{PD-because|the author is unknown and the work was made public before 1 January 1955. The Australian Government's policy on [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-centre/publications/duration-copyright duration of copyright] specifies that copyright in such a work (not being a photograph) is expired.}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

• next, copy this wikitext, which covers the pre-URAA date factor in the US:

{{PD-1996|country=Australia}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

• finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:

<big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

© TOC ↑

---

Pre-1955 photos (non-government)

#### To come

© TOC ↑

---

1955-1974 photos (non-government)

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdpre1955

For Australian photographs (not made by a government) taken between 1 January 1904 and 31 December 1973.

• For pre-1904, see here).
• For pre-1955, see [[#

Rationale: Works created in Australia before the URAA date (1 January 1996) are PD in the US jurisdiction, which applies because Wikimedia's servers are in the US. (Applies before 1904 too, but for that, PD-US-unpublished is better.)

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, DON'T select a licence; click on "Another reason not mentioned above" and either:
• enter my Typinator abbreviation, as above, which inserts all three of the following elements, or
• copy, first, this wikitext into the window.

{{PD-because|the photo was taken before 1 January 1955. The Australian Government's policy on [https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/media-centre/publications/duration-copyright duration of Australian copyright] specifies that copyright in a photograph made before 1 January 1955 has expired.}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

• next, copy this wikitext, which covers the pre-URAA date factor in the US:

{{PD-1996|country=Australia}}

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

• finally, copy this wikitext, which is the confirmation of compliance:

<big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

-- which renders as:

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

© TOC ↑

---

Public domain – Commonwealth or state government TEXT

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdgovs50

(50 years after publishing; but see the over-riding CC BY releases under the Open Data Policy, which generally render public domain factors as irrelevant for my purposes.} See:

• Australian Government CC BY
• SA Government CC BY

Literary copyright in Australia

{{PD-because |section 180(1) of the [https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2017C00180 Copyright Act 1968 (Commonwealth of Australia)] states, as relevant to this work: "Copyright in a literary ... work of which the Commonwealth or a State is the owner ... (b) where the work is published – subsists, or, if copyright in the work subsisted immediately before its first publication, continues to subsist, until the expiration of 50 years after the expiration of the calendar year in which the work was first published."}} which renders as:

© TOC ↑

---

CC BY all Australian governments

My Typinator abbreviation: wccbyallgovs

• On the upload page, if source is scanned use "Scan of ...".
• Next, click on "This file is not my own work".
• Near the bottom, click on "Another reason not mentioned above".
• Copy the following wikitext into the window.

{{cc-by-4.0|1='''Australian government'''<br />{{nobold|<small>An Australian government ([[w:Australian Government|federal]], [[w:States and territories of Australia|state or territory]]) owns copyright in this work. Those governments subscribe to the [https://www.finance.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-10/aust_govt_public_data_policy_statement.pdf Public Data Policy], by which non-sensitive government data (other than a Commonwealth, state or territory emblem, and images and other material or devices protected by a trademark) is open by default and licensed under a Creative Commons [https://www.oaic.gov.au/information-policy/information-policy-resources/principles-on-open-public-sector-information BY Attribution 4.0 licence].</small>}}}}

This is a mockup (NB: with different coding) of the rendering in the top part of the panel on Commons:

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International  license. Attribution: Australian government An Australian government (federal, state or territory) owns copyright in this work. Those governments subscribe to the Public Data Policy, by which non-sensitive government data (other than a Commonwealth, state or territory emblem, and images and other material or devices protected by a trademark) is open by default and licensed under a Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 licence.

© TOC ↑

---

CC BY Australian Government

My Typinator abbreviation: wagccby

• On the upload page, if source is scanned use "Scan of ...".
• Next, click on "This file is not my own work".
• Near the bottom, click on "Another reason not mentioned above".
• Copy the following wikitext into the window.

{{cc-by-4.0|1='''Australian Government'''<br />{{nobold|<small>The [[w:Australian Government|Australian Government]] owns copyright in this work. Under its [https://www.finance.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-10/aust_govt_public_data_policy_statement.pdf Public Data Policy], it has made non-sensitive data open by default, with licensing under a Creative Commons [https://www.oaic.gov.au/information-policy/information-policy-resources/principles-on-open-public-sector-information BY Attribution licence]. </small>}}}}

This is a mockup (NB: with different coding) of the rendering in the top part of the panel on Commons:

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International  license. Attribution: Australian Government The Australian Government owns copyright in this work. Under its Public Data Policy , it has made non-sensitive data open by default, with licensing under a Creative Commons BY Attribution licence.

© TOC ↑

---

CC BY SA Government

My Typinator abbreviation: wsagccby

• On the upload page, if source is scanned use "Scan of ...".
• Next, click on "This file is not my own work".
• Near the bottom, click on "Another reason not mentioned above".
• Copy the following wikitext into the window.

{{cc-by-4.0|1='''Government of South Australia'''<br />{{nobold|<small> The [[w:Government of South Australia|Government of South Australia]] owns copyright in this work. Its [https://data.sa.gov.au/copyright statement of copyright policy] includes: "With the exception of the Piping Shrike emblem, images, and other material or devices protected by a trademark and subject to review by the Government of South Australia at all times, the content of this website is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence."</small>}}}}

This is a mockup (NB: coding is different from that on Commons page) of the rendering in the top part of the panel on Commons:

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International  license. Attribution: Government of South Australia The Government of South Australia owns copyright in this work. Its statement of copyright policy includes: "With the exception of the Piping Shrike emblem, images, and other material or devices protected by a trademark and subject to review by the Government of South Australia at all times, the content of this website is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence."

Work on an SA Government website (not sa.gov.au)

↑ If the work was downloaded from an SA Government website, a CC BY Attribution notice should be at the bottom of the Home page. In that case, replace the last sentence with: The web page from which this work was downloaded (see "Source") contained the statement, "This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution [version] licence."

Text at sa.gov.au

↑ If text was downloaded from the sa.gov.au website, place this between }} and </ref> in the citation: [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] [https://www.sa.gov.au/copyright Copyright in text copied from this source] is owned by the Government of South Australia and made available under an [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)] licence.

-- which renders in the References section as:
Copyright in text copied from this source is owned by the Government of South Australia and made available under an Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.

© TOC ↑

---

CC BY Victorian Government

My Typinator abbreviation: wvicgccby

• On the upload page, if source is scanned use "Scan of ...".
• Next, click on "This file is not my own work".
• Near the bottom, click on "Another reason not mentioned above".
• Copy the following wikitext into the window.

{{cc-by-4.0|1='''State Government of Victoria'''<br />{{nobold|<small> The [[w:Government of Victoria|State Government of Victoria]] owns copyright in this work. It has adopted an [https://www.audit.vic.gov.au/report/access-public-sector-information "open by default"] approach to public sector information (which includes all government records, emails, reports, briefings, photographs and more) with licensing under a Creative Commons [https://www.oaic.gov.au/information-policy/information-policy-resources/principles-on-open-public-sector-information BY Attribution licence].</small>}}}}

This is a mockup (NB: with different coding) of the rendering in the top part of the panel on Commons:

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International  license. Attribution: State Government of Victoria The State Government of Victoria owns copyright in this work. It has adopted an "open by default" approach to public sector information (which includes all government records, emails, reports, briefings, photographs and more) with licensing under a Creative Commons BY Attribution licence.

© TOC ↑

---

CC BY Northern Territory Government

My Typinator abbreviation: wCCBYntGov

For Australian photographs taken after 1955, curated by LANT (Library & Archives NT), for which a CC BY licence is shown on the download page.

For photos created before 1955, use pre-1955 PD.

• On the upload page, select "This file is not my own work".
• On the next page, click on the CC BY 4.0 licence.

The page in the Library & Archives Northern Territory website from which the image file was downloaded (see "Source") states that the photograph is licensed CC BY.

Then complete the attribution!

• Open the completed upload of the file and click Edit.
• In the Licensing section, after =={{int:license-header}}==, enter {{cc-by-4.0|attribution=[[Northern Territory Government]]}}.

© TOC ↑

---

CC BY NSW Government

My Typinator abbreviation: wnswgccby

• On the upload page, if source is scanned use "Scan of ...".
• Next, click on "This file is not my own work".
• Near the bottom, click on "Another reason not mentioned above".
• Copy the following wikitext into the window.

{{cc-by-4.0|1='''State of New South Wales'''<br />{{nobold|<small> The [[w:Government of New South Wales|State of New South Wales]] owns copyright in this work. Its [https://www.nsw.gov.au/nsw-government/copyright statement of copyright policy] includes: "The State of New South Wales supports and encourages the reuse of its publicly funded information, and endorses the use of the Australian Governments Open Access and Licensing Framework (AusGOAL)."</small>}}}}

This is a mockup (NB: coding is different from that on Commons page) of the rendering in the top part of the panel on Commons:

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International  license. Attribution: State of New South Wales The State of New South Wales owns copyright in this work. Its statement of copyright policy includes: "The State of New South Wales supports and encourages the reuse of its publicly funded information, and endorses the use of the Australian Governments Open Access and Licensing Framework (AusGOAL)."

Work on an NSW Government website (not nsw.gov.au)

↑ If the work was downloaded from an NSW Government website, a CC BY Attribution notice may be at the bottom of the Home page. In that case, replace the last sentence with: The web page from which this work was downloaded (see "Source") contained the statement, "This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution [version] licence."

Text at nsw.gov.au

↑ If text was downloaded from the nsw.gov.au website, place this between }} and </ref> in the citation: [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] [https://www.nsw.gov.au/nsw-government/copyright Copyright in text copied from this source] is owned by the State of New South Wales and made available under an [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)] licence.

-- which renders in the References section as:

Copyright in text copied from this source is owned by the State of New South Wales and made available under an Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.

© TOC ↑

---

US PD policies most relevant to Australian works

Extremely complex. See Cornell University summary (Hirtle table)   – in which the most relevant is here:

United States policies most relevant to Australian works
Date of publication	Conditions	Copyright term in the US
Works first published outside the US by foreign nationals
Works published abroad before 1978
Pre-1929 *	No compliance with US formalities; in the public domain in its source country as of 1 January 1996	PD (95 years after year published). Use {{PD-US-expired}}
1929 * through 1977	Solely published abroad; no compliance with US formalities; no republication in US; and NOT in the public domain in its source country as of 1 January 1996	PD (95 years after year published)
Works published abroad after 1 Jan 1978
1 Jan 1978 to 1 Mar 1989	Published without copyright notice; in the public domain in [Australia] as of 1 January 1996	Public domain
"	As above but published with copyright notice	70 years after death of author or 95 years from corporate publishing year
Works never published, never registered
Pre-1904 *	Unpublished; anonymous, pseudonymous, corporate	Public domain (120 years after creation year)
Pre-1954 *	Unpublished; author died before 1954 *	Public domain (70 years after creation year)

* This date advances annually. Dates shown are valid for 2024.

© TOC ↑

---

PD fair use in the US

US fair use icon

My Typinator abbreviation: wfairuse

See Template:Non-free use rationale

To follow an Australian PD notice when US fair use is the only possible basis for the image to be hosted on Wikimedia servers. For uploads to WikiPEDIA only.

• Copy wikitext below and paste in Edit mode under the int:license-header heading.

Fair use in the United States of a photograph in the Australian public domain The four qualifying criteria specified by 17 U.S.C. §107 for fair use of a non-free image that cannot reasonably be replaced by a free content image are satisfied as follows: Purpose and character of the use, including whether the use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes: The use is for nonprofit educational purposes, to illustrate an educative article in Wikipedia. Nature of the copyrighted work: The work is a photograph that is in the public domain in Australia because of the time that has elapsed since its creation. Amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole: The work is a single photograph. Effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work: The intrinsic value of the image is low. Any effect of the image's use upon the potential market for it, or its value, would be immeasurably low since the benefit of any potential commercial use has already been extinguished through being in the Australian public domain.

• Follow that with:
  <big>↑</big> The image has been uploaded to Wikipedia because its public domain status in Australia is established and its usage would be considered fair use within [[WP:NFC|Wikipedia policy]] and US law.

----

PD fair use in the US -- CHECK/DELETE THIS!!!!

US fair use icon

My Typinator abbreviation: wfairuse

See Template:Non-free use rationale

To follow an Australian PD notice when US fair use is the only possible basis for the image to be hosted on Wikimedia servers. For uploads to WikiPEDIA only.

• Copy wikitext below and paste in Edit mode under the int:license-header heading.

Fair use in the United States of a photograph in the Australian public domain The four qualifying criteria specified by 17 U.S.C. §107 for fair use of a non-free image that cannot reasonably be replaced by a free content image are satisfied as follows: Purpose and character of the use, including whether the use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes: The use is for nonprofit educational purposes, to illustrate an educative article in Wikipedia. Nature of the copyrighted work: The work is a photograph that is in the public domain in Australia because of the time that has elapsed since its creation. Amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole: The work is a single photograph. Effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work: The intrinsic value of the image is low. Any effect of the image's use upon the potential market for it, or its value, would be immeasurably low since the benefit of any potential commercial use has already been extinguished through being in the Australian public domain.

• Follow that with:
  <big>↑</big> The image has been uploaded to Wikipedia because its public domain status in Australia is established and its usage would be considered fair use within [[WP:NFC|Wikipedia policy]] and US law.

Fair use of a dustjacket image

See an argument for a non-free image in the Description at WidmerpoolCartoon.png.

Public domain – HTSA amended copyright tags

My Typinator abbreviation: wpdHTSA

Reason for it: HTSA have the wrong licensing notice.

{{PD-because|more than 50 years have elapsed since the end of the calendar year in which it was made by the [[w:Government of South Australia|Government of South Australia]]. Under the provisions of section 180 of the ''[https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2021C00407 Copyright Act 1968]'', copyright has expired.}}<br />

{{PD-US-unpublished}}

<big>↑</big> The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of [[Commons:Licensing|Wikimedia Commons licensing policy]].

The wikitext renders as follows (NB: this is a simulation of the appearance in Commons):

↑ The public domain status of this image in Australia and the United States satisfies the requirements of Wikimedia Commons licensing policy.

OTRS pending

See Template:OP (or Template:OTRS pending -- currently prohibited -- if the articles are merged).

In the "Source" area on the Wikimedia Commons page for an image, add {{subst:OP}} as the first characters after the Description heading, i.e. starting in the next space after "=" in "Description=". {{subst:OP}}.

A date-stamped version of the {{OTRS pending}} notification will appear on the file. The file will be categorised by date automatically but the category will not appear on the actual file page.

Copyright permission -- my pre-approved railway-related

See Permission templates.

Copyright permission -- material already online

See Wikipedia:Donating copyrighted materials#Granting us permission to copy material already online

Asking for copyright consent

Example requests for permission are here.

My example (Flickr) is here.

Copyright, wording of consent e-mail

See the templates in: Commons and Wikipedia.

Place {{subst:OP}} as the last element in the Description text.

Tips and solutions

From Wikipedia:Reliable sources#Definition of published:

"Published" means, for Wikipedia's purposes, any source that was made available to the public in some form. The term is most commonly associated with text materials, either in traditional printed format or online; however, audio, video, and multimedia materials that have been recorded then broadcast, distributed, or archived by a reputable party may also meet the necessary criteria to be considered reliable sources. Like text, media must be produced by a reliable source and be properly cited. Additionally, an archived copy of the media must exist. It is convenient, but by no means necessary, for the archived copy to be accessible via the Internet.

More detail is at Published.

Useful tips on a User page

Tom Reding's user page

Nowiki

My Typinator abbreviation: wnwk1 (for opening code) and wnwk2 (for closing code)

See Help:Wikitext#Nowiki.

<nowiki>TEXT</nowiki>

Link to a URL without showing the URL

<span class="plainlinks">[URL GOES HERE FOLLOWED BY A SPACE THEN DESCRIPTIVE WORDS]</span>

– which renders as, for example: Short Guide to Copyright

SLSA photos URL

See   and insert new number after "B+".

 

Maps showing Aboriginal languages distribution

Of Queensland, but some are relevant to SA:  

Route map icon coding

See BSicon/Catalogue and sub-pages such as BSicon/Catalogue/junctions.

Permission templates

In Commons. NB: Case sensitive.

{{Template:[Name] p/Permission}}   ← Note either upper or lower case.

• Permission (upper case P): Hugh S. W..., M... (surname only), Richard T. H....
  
• permission (lower case p): N...R...M....

Wikimedia Commons: upload documentation

These are useful to remember:

• For listing a source for an existing image on which the current image is based (e.g. before cropping):
  |source=[[c:File:Map of Central Australia Railway and Marree line.tif|Map of Central Australia Railway and Marree line.tif]]

-- which renders as:
|source=Map of Central Australia Railway and Marree line.tif

• For approximate dates: |date={{other date|~|YEAR}}

-- which renders as, for example: |date=circa 1925

• For other dates / complex dates: see Commons:Template:Other date. Many variables shown in the article include: possibly, probably, presumably, from-until, unknown, between, or, before, after, by, from, first half.

-- for example: {{Other date |1=DD MM YYYY|2=1884-01-15|probably}}
which renders as: probably 15 January 1884

-- and: {{other date|~|1999|2000}}
which renders as: between circa 1999 and circa 2000

• For unknown photographers: {{unknown|photographer}}

• Linked Username in licensing description:{{self|author={{user at project|SCHolar44|wikipedia|en}}|Cc-by-sa-4.0}}

-- which renders as follows (NB: this is a mock-up of the rendering at Commons; coding is different):

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International  license. Attribution: SCHolar44 at English Wikipedia (Etc.)

Wikimedia Commons: amending filename of an image

(Check the criteria at COM:FR to make sure the renaming is appropriate.)

Don't use Template:Requested move to tag articles that aren't controversial or potentially controversial to move. For uncontroversial/technical requests, go to Wikipedia:Requested moves/Technical requests and edit the "Uncontroversial technical requests" subsection by inserting the following code, adding 2 page titles and the reason (remove nowiki from the code):

{{subst:RMassist| current page title | new page title | reason = reason for move}}

This will automatically insert a bullet and include your signature. No edits to the article's talk page are required.

Article title, and change of (move)

See Wikipedia:Article titles.

See Help:How to move a page.

See Requested moves#Undiscussed moves.

Pictures / images

See Help:Pictures -- a comprehensive article. Includes Pixel counts vs upright factors, which reads:

Although pixel counts are easier to understand than upright factors, they adjust less well to user preferences. For example, suppose a picture contains some detail and by default is a bit too small, and you want to increase it by about 10%. Although upright=1.1 and 240px do the job equally well for the common case where the default width is 220 pixels, many of the users who set the default width to 300 pixels to work better with their high-resolution screens will be annoyed with 200px because it will make the picture a third smaller than their preferred size. In contrast, upright=1.1 will display the picture to them with a width of 330 pixels, and this is more likely to work well on their displays. Pixel counts are typically better than upright factors for displaying combinations of pictures, some of which have known and limited sizes, and for displaying tiny icons that are intended to be combined with text.

Linking to a map using a mapbox

Presents an overlay on a map by OpenStreetMap, Google, Bing or GeoHack.

Before using, always read the Template:Mapbox page and, if relevant, the Template:Maplink page.

{{mapbox|from=PortLINK options 2016.map|text=Four options for the future of the Outer Harbor and Grange lines, presented as part of a 2016 planning document developing the South Australian Government's AdeLINK proposal.|text-left=yes}}

(PortLINK options 2016.map leads to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_Harbor_railway_line#/maplink/0)

-- which renders as:

Displaying a small map of a location

Copy the code; note trasposing of latitude and longitude.

A good .gif sequence

... is File: Non-Native-American-Nations-Territorial-Claims-over-NAFTA-countries-1750-2008.gif

Free images

A long list is here  

Modifying an image in Commons

Extracted (without other changes):
In the Summary area of the extracted file, put an "Extracted" tag in the |other versions= area of the Summary: {{Extracted from|1=FILENAME OF PARENT}}

-- which renders as follows, for example:

→ This file has been extracted from another image: File:South Australian Railways locomotives Rx203, Rx201 and 607 at Tailem Bend locomotive depot, 1952 (LEBates).jpg.

If desired, text can be added to the parent file on the "Other versions=" line, such as:
Cropped to show two locomotives:<br />[[:File:South Australian Railways locomotives Rx201 and 607 at Tailem Bend locomotive depot, 1952 (LEBates).jpg|South Australian Railways locomotives Rx201 and 607 at Tailem Bend locomotive depot, 1952 (LEBates).jpg]]

Retouched:
Put a Retouched tag in the |other versions= area of the Summary: {{retouched|CHANGES MADE}}

-- which renders as follows (with an example of reasons):

This is a retouched picture, which means that it has been digitally altered from its original version. Modifications: levels adjustment and sharpen.

Substantially modified:
My Typinator abbreviations: wimagemod1 for offspring image, imagemod2 for parent image.

On the offspring page, put a tag in the |other versions= area of the Summary:

{{Derived from |Paste FILENAME OF ORIGINAL.jpg (no "File:")}} (Changes: cropped; digitally enhanced -- or → chemical blemishes and scratches removed; minor changes to brilliance etc. values.) Hit the Return key then follow with this: [[File:3rd PASTE|2nd PASTE|thumb|150px|left|Original photograph]]

-- which renders as, for example:

Other versions    Indian Pacific in Cook, South Australia.jpg
                      (Changes: cropped; minor changes to brilliance etc. values.)

Original photograph

On the parent page, put a tag in the |other versions= area of the Summary:

[[:File:Paste FILENAME OF MODIFIED IMAGE.jpg. Retain ":File:" shown on this line.]] (Changes: cropped; digitally enhanced -- or → chemical blemishes and scratches removed; minor changes to brilliance etc. values.) Hit the Return key then follow with this: [[File:3rd PASTE|2nd PASTE|thumb|150px|left|Modified photograph]]

-- which renders as, for example:

Other versions    Indian Pacific train hauled by NR class locomotive stopped at Cook, South Australia (cropped).jpg
                      (Cropped; some digital alteration.)

Modified photograph

-- and:

NSWGR loco 3026 with ARHS train passes through RAAF Base Wagga with aircraft in background, 1983 (distant).jpg

Distant version

Click on radio button to show a second image

Copy the coding for this example →

See example: National War Memorial (South Australia)

Doesn't work on smartphones: all of the images are displayed.

Click on cropped image to show a larger image

Southern horse tram routes

Example: a thumb might be cropped to show a smaller, more important part of the image; clicking on it leads to the full image.

Use |link= preceded by the smaller image's file name and succeeded by the file name of the larger image:

[[File:Adelaide horse tramway routes at their maximum extent (1900s) -- city and south lines crop.png|thumb|100px|upright=1 |link=File:Adelaide horse tramway routes at their maximum extent (1900s).png|Southern horse tram routes]]

Annotated image (incorporates notes and/or a crop to exclude or enlarge)

See Template:Annotated image.

Image name, to change (move)

See Commons:Overwriting existing files. For Wikipedia articles, see Help:How to move a page.

With File Mover privilege

(My addition to ‪autopatrollers (at my discretion‬) and file movers (RFR)‬ was received on 7 Apr 2020.)

See , especially Commons:File renaming.

The file rename function allows renaming (or "moving") of files, which works basically the same way as "normal" page moves. The function is only available to stewards, administrators and file movers, who just use the "Move & Replace" tab as you would normally do to a regular page.

For reasons, see Which files should be renamed?

Without File Mover privilege

For Wikimedia Commons, see Commons:File renaming.

You have to request the renaming of a file.

You can do this via the "More" menu pop-down next to the star near the top of the image page (it won't be visible on your User page); select "Move". (If there isn't a "More" menu next to the star, see the note below.)

This will bring up a page with guidance notes on, and provision for, the new file name and reasons to be entered.

Alternatively, in the Edit view of the image file's Summary section you can add {{Rename}} as the first line, i.e. immediately after "|Description=".

An example:

{{Rename|required newname.ext|required rationale number*|reason=required text reason}}
* The number here is one of the six in the table here.

and specifically:

{{Rename|Required new image name.jpg|1|reason=Typo in file name I uploaded.}}

However, this option doesn't initiate extra checks that the first method will carry out.

If on the image page there isn't a "More" menu next to the star, you can put it on by changing your preferences here » go to the 3rd heading (Interface: Files and categories) » tick the RenameLink box » Save.

An editor with filemoving rights will perform the move if it conforms to the guidelines described [at Commons:File renaming]."

Colon trick to produce a conventional wikilink (no image)

From Help:Colon trick: "The colon trick is a method of providing a link to a category, image or interwiki link without adding the page to the category, displaying the image, or adding the interwiki link to the interlanguage links. It also allows for linking to pages with titles beginning with a recognised external link prefix, such as http://

By adding a colon just inside the opening double square brackets of the link, the default behaviour of the MediaWiki software will be bypassed. It will appear as a conventional wikilink.

Examples:

• [[Category:Help]] lists this page in Category Help
  but [[:Category:Help]] will produce a link to Category:Help

• [[Image:SmilingBruce.png]] displays an image ( )
  but [[:Image:SmilingBruce.png]] produces a link to the image

• [[Image:Go-to-file icon.png|15px]] displays an image inline () that is reduced in size (in this case ~200 » 15 px)
  but [[:Image:Go-to-file icon.png|15px]] produces a link to the image.

Font sizes

See Help:Advanced text formatting

Code	Size	Semantics	Result
{{small|text}}	85%	<small>	text
{{smaller|text}}	90%	none	text
{{resize|text}}	90%	none	text
{{midsize|text}}	92%	none	text
none	100%	none	text
{{larger|text}}	110%	none	text
{{big|text}}	120%	none	text
{{large|text}}	large	none	text
{{huge|text}}	180%	none	text
{{resize|x%}}	custom	none
{{font|size=x%}} CH: 2nd pipe is needed: {{font|size=140%|Text}}	custom	none

Over-linking, under-linking

See Overlinking and underlinking.

De minimis

De minimis use of a copyrighted work is such a trivial use that the consent of the copyright owner is not required.

See Commons:De minimis.

Useful wiki markup

Dotted underline for tooltip (e.g. English variants, Oz states)

{{abbr|SA|South Australia}}

-- which renders as: SA

Also see #Commonwealth/Australian/American spelling

Anchor

My Typinator abbreviation (contains both): wanchor

See template:Anchor An example is in the article on Menzies.

When naming the anchor, it's preferred to start with a capital letter. Case sensitive. Don't name it the same as a heading. Can be used in tables.

The anchor is at the "landing" place. To set it up, enter "subst" text (commonly at the end of a section heading): ==Section heading{{subst:anchor|Anchor name}}==

which will be saved in the article as:

==Section heading<span class="anchor" id="Anchor name"></span>==

Non-heading link to anchor: {{subst:anchor|Anchor name}}

which will be saved in the article as:

<span class="anchor" id="Anchor name"></span>

Consider adding at the landing place:<!--Please leave. Text in xxxx article links here.-->

At the "launching off" place:

• Within the same page as the anchor: [[#Anchor name|display text]]
• On another page: [[Article name#Anchor name|display text]]

For coding of links to anchors formatted as buttons, see under PD, copyright and CC selection (TOC).

"Sic" in reference footnote

{{sic|ERRONEOUS LETTERS|our|expected=Harbour|nolink=yes}}

Habour [sic]

Put <code> on a grey background

To put wikitext on a grey background, use <code>TEXT</code>

-- which renders as coding or other wikitext

Put text in green serifed font

Used especially to format words from a Wikipedia article being quoted. {{xt|TEXT}}

-- renders as TEXT

This template cannot be used in mainspace (the article namespace). It is not for use as wikitext markup for quotations on talk pages; use {{tq}} instead.

Cheatsheet and other wiki html Help pages

WP:CHEATSHEET is a quick reference for basic wiki markup – including collapsed sections at the end and links to more in the See also section. It's also worth going through Help:Wikitext.

Wikisource has original text related to this article

{{Wikisource|Item name, including "Page:"|text to be visible}}

-- which renders as on the right: →

As of

See Template:As of.     Caution re writing in present tense: here

{{As of|Type the year}}

{{As of|Type the year|Type the month}}

Lower case: {{As of|lc=y|Type the year}}

Variants:

• {{As of|since=y|2022|04|post=,}} → Since April 2022,
• {{As of|alt=Beginning in early 2022|2022|04|post=,}} → Beginning in early 2022,

Comprehensive list of cleanup tags

See Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup#Tags inline with article text.

Unreferenced articles cleanup

There is a project for this. Useful resources are at Wikipedia:WikiProject Unreferenced articles (WP:UAR). Also see tags below.

Tags with messages

See Wikipedia:Template messages.

Also see the video on how templates work (8 mins): here

A list of comment tags is here. Links in the Article-related namespace table lead to more detail, such as Cleanup, including e.g. {{overly detailed}}. Also {{more citations needed}} and notices when an article or section is undergoing a major edit.

For message subjects, search here:

TAGS FOR SHORTCOMINGS IN REFERENCES OR CITATIONS

List of cleanup tags in Wikipedia

Table of links (only) to cleanup tags: Template:Inline cleanup tags.

Information page (also includes full list of cleanup tags): Wikipedia:Template index/Cleanup      – including inline tags.

See also: Template: Unreferenced/doc § Usage

Tags inline with article text

These are from Template index/Cleanup.

Tag	Background info from Wikipedia namespace
{{according to whom}} links talk edit
{{additional citation needed}} links talk edit
{{attribution needed}} links talk edit
{{better source needed}} links talk edit
{{better source needed example}} links talk edit	Links to self-sourcing examples
{{chronology citation needed}} links talk edit
{{circular reference}} links talk edit	When the sources copy Wikipedia material directly
{{circular reporting}} links talk edit	For the subtler case when you suspect the sources are based on facts first published at Wikipedia, but they didn't copy it directly
{{clarify}} links talk edit
{{copyvio link}} links talk edit
{{dead link}} links talk edit
{{disambiguation needed}} links talk edit
{{disputed inline}} links talk edit
{{dubious}} links talk edit
{{episode needed}} links talk edit
{{example needed}} links talk edit
{{example needed span}} links talk edit	This is a claim that needs one or more examples.
{{excessive citations inline}} category links talk edit	For abuse of citations, per Wikipedia:Citation overkill.
{{explain}} links talk edit
{{failed verification}} links talk edit
{{full citation needed}} links talk edit
{{how}} links talk edit
{{medical citation needed}} links talk edit
{{medical citation needed span}} links talk edit	This is an uncited biomedical claim.
{{nonspecific}} links talk edit
{{not verified in body}} links talk edit
{{original research inline}} links talk edit
{{primary source inline}} links talk edit
{{quantify}} links talk edit
{{quote without source}} links talk edit
{{registration required}} links talk edit	(registration required)
{{request quotation}} links talk edit
{{season needed}} links talk edit
{{self-published inline}} category links talk edit
{{self-published source}} category links talk edit
{{specify}} category links talk edit
{{synthesis inline}} links talk edit
{{third-party inline}} links talk edit
{{unreliable medical source}} links talk edit
{{unreliable source?}} links talk edit
{{user-generated inline}} category links talk edit
{{user-generated source}} category links talk edit
{{vague}} links talk edit
{{verify quote}} links talk edit
{{verify source}} links talk edit
{{volume needed}} links talk edit
{{when}} links talk edit
{{where}} links talk edit
{{which}} links talk edit
{{who}} links talk edit
{{whose quote}} links talk edit
{{why}} links talk edit
{{year missing}} links talk edit	Use when the year of publication of a source is needed
{{year needed}} links talk edit	Use when the date of an event is needed

TOC for cleanup tags I've listed

No refs	More refs	Other
Article has no citations	Article needs more citations	Short description (of article)
Section has no citations	Section needs more citations	Speculation
Not to be confused with	When?	Recentism
Citation needed	Incomplete citation	Needs update (sentence or paragraph)
Failed verification	Dead link	Page no. needed in reference
Too detailed	Sources too close to subject	"Says who?"
Digital retouching (in Commons)	Attribution (in Commons)	Unreliable source
Disputed or dubious statement	Confusing content	Ambiguous content
Vague content	Clarification needed	User-generated content

Tag for articles with no citations

See Template:Unreferenced. The template {{subst:Unreferenced}} is for articles with no references at all.

-- The template renders as:

Tag for articles needing more citations

See Template:More citations needed

The template {{subst:Refimprove}} is for articles where there are some, but insufficient, inline citations to support the material in the article.

-- The template renders as:

Tag for sections with no citations

The template {{subst:Unreferenced section}} is for individual sections that have no citations in articles that have at least one citation somewhere else.

-- The template renders as:

Tag for sections needing more citations

The template {{subst:Refsection}} is for articles where there are some, but insufficient, inline citations to support the material in the section.

-- The template renders as:

Tag for empty section

Template:Empty section

A bot will add the date, or it can be done manually (month+year).

{{Empty section|date={{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}}

-- which renders as:

Tag for "citation needed"

See this and others at Template:Citation needed.

This template is used to identify claims in articles, particularly if questionable, that need a citation to a reliable source.

{{subst:Citation needed}} ← As per Typinator

or:

{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}

or:

{{Citation needed|reason=EXPLANATION|date=November 2024}}

-- these render as shown here (roll over for expansion):

Tag for "better source needed"

See this and others at Template:Citation needed.

{{better source|date=November 2024}}

-- which renders as:

Tag for "Lead not subsequently referenced"

Template:Lead rewrite

{{Lead rewrite|date=November 2024|reason= Content in the lead is not subsequently mentioned and referenced}}

-- which renders as:

Tag to create "bare URL" alert

{{bare URL inline|date=November 2024}}

The tag puts the page into two categories for cleanup.

The date must be inserted by coding (as here) or manually entered since subst doesn't work inside </ref> tags.

If placed inside a citation (just before the closing </ref> tag), the tag will not clutter the body text with "^{[bare URL]}" but will appear in the References section.

Example:

• <ref>https://www.salon.com/2020/01/31/the-disaster-of-utopian-engineering_partner/ {{bare URL inline|date=November 2024}}</ref>

– which renders in the References section as shown here ↓:

References

Tag for dead link

{{dead link|date=November 2024}} produces:

Alternatively:
{{dead link|date=November 2024|fix-attempted}}

Advice in the Template:Dead link article includes:

Before considering whether to use the {{dead link}} template it is often useful to make a search for an archive copy of the dead link and thereby avoid using the tag altogether. All {{cite}} templates have the facility for adding |archive-date= and |archive-url= parameters for linking to an archive copy. Non-{{cite}} citations can use {{webarchive}}.

Using {{Dead link}} will place a note by the URL and add the article to one of the Category:Articles with dead external links categories.

Append this template directly after the link (after the link code's terminating ] if you are using wikitext), or, if you are using a {{cite}} template, directly after the {{cite}} transclusion (not inside it), but inside the reference, if any, i.e. before the </ref>, in all cases leaving the original link intact:

<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.example.org|title=The Example Website|access-date=22 September 2012}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024}}</ref>

Not doing so might hinder detection by automated tools.

Tag for incomplete citations

See the Usage section in Template:Full citation needed.

Tags for "needs update"

See: Template:Update

Sentence or paragraph: {{Update inline|date=November 2024}} – which renders as:

{{Update inline|?=yes|date=November 2024}} – which renders as:

{{Update inline|reason=REASON|date=November 2024}} – which renders as:    ← roll-over reveals the reason

{{Update inline|?=yes|reason=REASON|date=November 2024}} – which renders as:    ← roll-over reveals the reason

Section: {{Update section|date=November 2024}} – which renders as simulated here:

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2024)

Tag for "page no. needed in reference"

{{Page needed|date=November 2024}}

For the plural, substitute "Pages".

"Do not use these tags to label statements which you suspect to be false. Instead, use a dispute template such as {{Dubious}}, or move those statements to the talk page and ask for evidence."

Tag for recentism

Can be used at article or section level.

At Template:Recentism:

"Wikipedia articles are supposed to be written from a neutral point of view, regarding any relevant aspect of the topic. This also includes appropriate coverage of relevant historical information. However, articles are sometimes biased towards placing undue emphasis on recent events which may be due to a systemic bias. In such cases, this maintenance template can be used to raise awareness of that shortcoming. As with all maintenance templates (also called "tags"), the preferred course of action is to boldly edit and fix the problem rather than slapping a tag on it."

Place the tag at the top of the article page if the entire article is slanted towards recent events, or at the top of the relevant section if the rest of the article properly includes relevant historical information. Use the article/section parameter to change the standard wording "article or section" to specifically refer to the article or only a section by using:

{{Recentism|article|date=November 2024}}
which renders as:

or {{Recentism|section|date=November 2024}}
which renders as:

Tag for ambiguous content

Example: {{Ambiguous|reason= |date=November 2024}}
-- which renders as: ←[roll over to show reason]

Tag for vague content

Example: {{Vague|reason= |date=November 2024}}
-- which renders as: ← [roll over to show reason]

In addition, you can draw attention to the vague text itself by incorporating it into the template:

-- which when coded as:
{Vague|reason=In what sense would it isolate?|text= closure would isolate Glenelg from the rest of the state.|date{{=}}{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}

-- renders as:
closure would isolate Glenelg from the rest of the state. ← [roll over to show reason]

Tag for confusing content

Example: {{Confusing|reason=REASON}}

-- which renders as:

-- and when a whole section is confusing:
Example: {{Confusing|section|reason=REASON}}

Tag for clarification needed

Example: {{Clarify|date=November 2024|reason=}}
-- which renders as:

Tag for further explanation

Example: {{Explain|date=November 2024}}
-- which renders as:

Tag for overly detailed content

See Wikipedia is not a newspaper and Fancruft.

For an article: {{overly detailed}}

-- which renders as:

For a section, with extra constraints as below:
{{Overly detailed|section|nosplit=1|details=|date={{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}}

-- which renders as follows (recommendation to split or remove content is removed; additional details are included):

Tags for needing expansion

Section needs expansion: {{expand section}}

-- which renders as:

Section needs expansion (plus details of what): {{expand section|text}}

-- which renders as:

Article: {{missing information|text}}

-- which renders as:

Tag for unreliable source

{{unreliable source|date=November 2024}} produces:

Tag for user-generated content

Includes fanzine / fan sites such as Railpage.

{{ugc|date=November 2024|certain=y}} ← =y eliminates a question mark.

-- which renders as:

Tag for advertising

{{Advert|date=November 2024}}

-- which renders as:

Tag for speculation

{{speculation}}

-- which renders as:

Tag for disputed or dubious statement

See Template:Disputed inline and Template:Dubious, which is milder.

Includes: "[The "dubious"] inline template helps highlight a disputed particular statement or alleged fact, in contrast to the {{Disputed}} and {{Disputed section}} templates which mark a whole article or section as disputed. This is particularly helpful when there are reliable sources supporting two or more different claims. {{Disputed inline}} should not be used without also raising the issue on the talk page. When used on an article page, the word "disputed" links to Wikipedia:Disputed statement, and the article is placed in Category:Accuracy disputes or one of its dated sub-categories. This template is a more strongly worded version of {{Dubious}}, which indicates a potential dispute, most often a question about reliable sourcing for the statement/fact at issue; {{Disputed inline}} indicates that at least one editor believes there is no question that the statement has a verifiability problem."

{{Disputed inline}} should not be used without also raising the issue on the talk page.

Also includes links to disputed factual accuracy, accuracy + POV, disputed neutrality.

Tag for worldwide view

"Place this template following a section or statement which doesn't represent a global perspective."

See Template:Globalize for nominating country/region, whole article or section, or link to Talk page.

For an article:

{{Template:Globalize|date={{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}} creates a panel:

or (adding a country):

{{Template:Globalize|date={{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}|2=US}}

For a section (and adding countries manually, which fixes punctuation:

{{Template:Globalize section|date={{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}|the UK and Europe}} creates a panel (here with countries):

For an inline annotation:

{{Template:Globalize inline|date={{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}}

creates a superscripted blue note:

Tag for failed verification

Template:Failed verification

My Typinator abbreviation: wfailedverification (includes the date via subst)

{{failed verification|date=November 2024}} — which produces: plus a default roll-over tooltip.

Can also insert, within the brackets, the title of a Talk page or additional tooltip text:

|reason=A sentence here.

Tag according to whom ("Says who?")

{{according to whom|date=November 2024}} -- which renders as:

Tag "when?"

My Typinator abbreviation: wwhen (a bot will add the date: don't subst)

{{when|date=November 2024}}

or:

{{when|reason= EXPLANATION|date=November 2024}}

-- renders as:

Tag for "sources too closely associated with the subject"

For the tag "This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral", see {{third-party|date=nnnn}}. See Light Railway Research Society of Australia for an example.

Tag for one-country perspective

{{Globalize|1=article|2=COUNTRY|date=MONTH YEAR}}

--renders as:

Tag for attribution (in Commons)

This adds details in bold letters.

In the Licensing section »» Edit »» after =={{int:license-header}}==:

{{cc-by-4.0|attribution=ADD THE PHOTOGRAPHER'S NAME}}

For NRM and other BY-SA licences:

{{cc-by-sa-4.0|attribution=ADD THE PHOTOGRAPHER'S NAME}}

For "because" licences: after end of notice (usually "... has expired", add:

<br /><center><big>'''Attribution: Name'''</big></center>. With the NRM template, add it on the line above the template name.

For example:

Attribution: Author Name

Tag for digital retouching (in Commons)

|source={{retouched|{{en|removal of the background}}|orig=Citadis_axle.jpg}}

Tag for subscription paywalls (padlocks)

Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal the access restrictions of the external links included in a citation. Nota bene: access icons do not display correctly for editors who use Modern skin.

Include this in citation: |url-access=subscription Alternatively, with icons – add at the end of the reference, between the }} and the </ref>:

Four access levels can be used (see Help:Citation Style 1#Access level of url-holding parameters):

• subscription: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription ("paywall").

-- coded as
{{spaces|2|en}}[[File:Lock-red-alt-2.svg|9px|link=|alt=Paid subscription required|Paid subscription required]] <code>subscription</code>: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription ("[[paywall]]").

• limited: there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views) to freely access this source.

-- coded as
{{spaces|2|en}}[[File:Lock-gray-alt-2.svg|9px|link=|alt=Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required|Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required]] <code>registration</code>: there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views) to freely access this source.

• registration: a free registration is required to access the source.

-- coded as
{{spaces|2|en}}[[File:Lock-gray-alt-2.svg|9px|link=|alt=Free registration required|Free registration required]] <code>registration</code>: a free registration is required to access the source.

• free: the source is free to read for anyone (this applies in particular to articles in open access).

-- coded as
{{spaces|2|en}}[[File:Lock-green.svg|9px|link=|alt=Freely accessible|Freely accessible]] <code>free</code>: the source is free to read for anyone (not supported by {{para|url-access}})

As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, these values are attributed to a particular external link.

Reflist on a Talk page (in a panel)

Shows a references section for a talk page discussion within a bordered box:

{{reflist-talk}}

References

See Template:reflist-talk

Separate footnotes in tables etc

See Template:Efn, especially for work-arounds for various errors.

Sometimes it is better to have separate notes in tables – i.e., separately from the main listing of footnotes. The following generates lower-case alphabetical footnotes; other options are available, including lower-case roman numerals (i, ii et seq.), which are triggered by {{efn-lr}}.

1. Put this in the table (will appear as "[a]" et seq.):

{{hair space}}{{efn-la| TEXT OF NOTE TO APPEAR IN TABLE }}

2. Either add in the bottom cell of the table:

{{notelist-la}}

or add after the "Notes" section at the end of the article (example is a gallery; the wording of the heading can be anything):

==Notes to gallery photos==
{{notelist-la}}

Example are in the galleries here.

Notelist on a Talk page (in a panel)

See Template:Notelist-talk for additional advice.

<div style="margin: auto 2em; border: 1px dashed #AAAAAA; padding: 4px; padding-left: 1em;{{{style|}}}"> <b>{{{title|Notes}}}</b> {{Reflist|group=note}} </div>

Shows a Notes section for a talk page discussion within a bordered box, the same as "Reflist on a Talk page", above, does for references.

– which renders as:

Notes

The tag {{notelist-talk}} also gathers footnotes if they have been added with {{efn}}.

Notes + Reflist on a Talk page (in a panel) when refn is used

In a Talk page discussion, shows both a Notes and a References section within a bordered box when refn is used:

<div style="margin: auto 2em; border: 1px dashed #AAAAAA; padding: 4px; padding-left: 1em;{{{style|}}}"> <b>{{{title|Notes}}}</b> {{Reflist|group=note}} <b>{{{title|References}}}</b> {{Reflist}} </div>

– which renders as:

Notes

References

Changing width of an infobox image

See Template:Infobox Australian place#Parameters.

In the infobox, use |image_upright = 0.9

Otherwise, try |imagesize =280px or |image_size =280px

The default 1.0 is equivalent to 220px. Other sizes:

• 170px → upright=0.75
• 180px → upright=0.8
• 190px → upright=0.85
• 200px → upright=0.9
• 210px → upright=0.95
• 220px → upright=1
• 230px → upright=1.05
• 240px → upright=1.1
• 250px → upright=1.15
• 260px → upright=1.2
• 270px → upright=1.23
• 280px → upright=1.25
• 290px → upright=1.3
• 300px → upright=1.35

Notes group (for simple footnotes)

<ref group= "note">Note goes here</ref>

Ensure the article includes this before the References list:

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

Start of article (prelims): short description, dmy dates, Aust English

My Typinator abbreviation: wprelims

See Wikipedia:Shortdesc helper.

Before the lede.

Tag for "short description"

This defines words that will outline the article in searches, including in web browsers.

{{Short description|DESCRIPTION}}

If there is no short description and if the article's title is sufficiently comprehensive as to be the short description, enter this (including the note):

{{Short description|None}} <!-- This short description has been entered intentionally as "None" because a short description would be the same as the article's title. You should consult Wikipedia:Short description and especially WP:SDNONE before you consider changing it.-->

Tag for "not to be confused with"

Use "distinguish" tag: {{Distinguish|ANOTHER ARTICLE}}

--An example of the template's rendering is:

Not to be confused with Locomotive.

Tag for "use dmy dates"

{{subst:Use dmy dates}} (Note that updating of the dmy date parameter is encouraged by the template -- to let editors and bots know when dates were audited. There is confusion about its use; the idea that the date is presented as when the specified format was first introduced is false. Its use is documented on the template, Template:Use dmy dates, including that it shows "the month and year that an editor or bot last checked the article for inconsistent date formatting and fixed any found".)

--This template renders as: {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}

Tag for "use Australian English"

My Typinator abbreviation: wozenglish

{{subst:Use Australian English}}

--This template renders as: {{Use Australian English||date=November 2024}}

Tag for "About"

{{About|THE DISTINGUISHING FEATURE OF THIS ARTICLE|FOR 2ND VARIETY|TITLE OF 2ND VARIETY ARTICLE|other uses – which will insert → [This topic] (disambiguation).}}

Briefly: {{About|THIS USE|Use2|THAT USE|other uses}}

Example:

{{About|the present-day region in the Northern Territory, Australia|the territory of Australia that existed from 1927 to 1931|Central Australia (territory)|other uses|Central Australia (disambiguation).}}

--which renders as:

This article is about the present-day region in the Northern Territory, Australia. For the territory of Australia that existed from 1927 to 1931, see Central Australia (territory). For other uses, see Central Australia (disambiguation).

Tag for "In Use" notice (during long edits)

See Help:Edit conflict.

Wikipedia has an "In Use" notice in its Template namespace that people may use when editing a page over a long period of time. This may discourage other editors from editing while you are editing. Simply put {{inuse}} on an article before proceeding with a major edit, and remove the template when the editing is complete.

Tag for omission of Table of Contents

__NOTOC__

TOC at top and text flowing around

<!--This makes the TOC appear at top left and text flow around it--> <table align=none style="border:{{{border|none}}}; width:100%; margin-bottom:0;background:{{{background|transparent}}};"> <tr> <td vertical-align=top align=center width={{{widthleft|200px}}} style="padding:{{{padtoc|10px}}};">__TOC__</td> <td align={{{align|left}}} vertical-align=top style="padding:{{{padding|10px}}};>TEXT GOES HERE</td></tr></table>__NOTOC__<noinclude><br clear=all>__NOTOC__

Infobox content

Tag for "advancing" start/end dates in infoboxes

| established = {{start date and age|1995|07|31|df=y}}

When e.g. dissolution is suppressed: |dissolved = <!-- {{End date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->

Notes/footnotes containing a reference

{{refn|group=note|TEXT OF FOOTNOTE <ref>{{cite web|url= X| title=X |author=<!--Not stated-->CHECK DASHES|first=X |last=X |date=X |website=X |publisher=X |access-date= X }}</ref>}}

Two or more instances of a note in text, only one appearance in Notes section

See: WP:REFB#Same reference used more than once

and: "Template:Note" in Wikisource: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Template:Note

Example of first instance: mysamenote is notional, group="note" is required:

<ref name= mysamenote group="note">Text of the note I do not want to be repeated.</ref>

Second and subsequent:

<ref name= mysamenote group="note"/>

which produces in the Notes section:

1. ^ a b Text of the note I do not want to be repeated.

For subsequent instances, change the name of the group note from mysamenote group to something else.

Weblink that doesn't generate a number

The requirement is to avoid a number appearing in a weblink.

... the address can be found [http://www.sap4group.org.au here: ] produces:

... the address can be found here:

Or referring to a Wikipedia article (note that the weblink icon isn't present):

... my draft is [[User:GEbb4/sandbox/Draft of Holy Trinity Church, Sunderland|here]] produces:

... my draft is here.

Weblink that retains its URL

Good for infoboxes.

{{URL|http://www.natrailmuseum.org.au/}} produces:

www.natrailmuseum.org.au

Bulleted lists

See Template:HTML lists.

Start line with asterisk *, which renders as:

• 1st [asterisked] bullet item
• 1st [asterisked] bullet item
• et seq.

or

{{bulleted list|1st bullet item |2nd bullet item |et seq.}}, which renders as:

• 1st bullet item
• 2nd bullet item
• et seq.

In Commons: ampersand["bullet"]semi-colon

Multiple-column bulleted lists

Use Typinator abbreviation: w2bulletlists

-- which renders as:

30 kg/m (60 lb/yd)

50 kg/m (101 lb/yd)

Tree lists

See Template:Tree list, including for "descendancy" charts.

Using only one level gives a form of listing in lieu of bullets.

{{Tree list}} * [[Heading (linked in this case)]]
** 1st item
** 2nd item
** [[3rd item (link to an article)]]
*** 4th item
** 5th item
** et seq.
{{Tree list/end}}

-- which renders as:

• Heading (linked in this case)
  • 1st item
  • 2nd item
  • 3rd item (link to an article)
    • 4th item
  • 5th item
  • et seq.

Numbered lists

{{numbered list|1st bullet item |2nd bullet item |et seq.}}, which renders as:

1. 1st numbered item
2. 2nd numbered item
3. et seq.

Unbulleted lists

Include the colon if you want to indent.

:{{unbulleted list|1st bullet item |2nd bullet item |et seq.}}, which renders as:

• 1st list item
• 2nd list item
• et seq.

Symbols

[[List of XML and HTML character entity references]]

Return text to margin on Talk pages (outdent, indent)

My Typinator abbreviation: woutdent

See Template:Outdent.

Indent with colons

:::::TEXT

Outdent with {{od}} template

Threading of replies on talk pages is done using indentation and lists. The Outdent template is used for outdenting a reply back to the margin when indentation gets too deep.

Either copy the colons and incorporate them into the outdent tag – {{od|:::::}} – or insert the number of colons – {{od|5}}.

--which renders as:

"Not bold" (nobold)

{{nobold|TEXT}}

Expandable narrative panel formatting

With heading and "Show" link (quote box):

{{Quote box|title =Quote box title |quote = {{Show||Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Morbi commodo, ipsum sed pharetra gravida, orci magna rhoncus neque, id pulvinar odio lorem non turpis. }}|align= left |width= 300px }}

-- which renders as:

Quote box title

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Morbi commodo, ipsum sed pharetra gravida, orci magna rhoncus neque, id pulvinar odio lorem non turpis.

Without heading (table):

{|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0 0 1em; width:100% background:white;" |style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #BFBFBF; background:#F9F9F9;" |<div style="border-bottom:1px solid #BFBFBF; padding:0.4em 1em 1em;">Narrative here</div>|}

-- which renders as:

Narrative here

Floating TOC

See Floating the table of contents.

For similar formatting related to a table, see my notes on collapsed table on right with text flowing around.

TOC limit

See here, especially shortening the TOC.

"{{TOC limit|n}}" sets the heading level(s) for the table of contents to display. For example, set at 2:

{{TOC limit|2}}

Abbreviations – wiki markup tag

The {{abbr}} template can be used for abbreviations and acronyms; hovering over the rendered text causes a tooltip of the long form to pop up.

Note: Do not link, or use any other wikimarkup or HTML markup, in the meaning (popup) – only plain text. This includes simple things such as italics.

{{abbr|SA|South Australia}}

Box for external video

External videos
"HyperCard Mania!" Computer Chronicles, 1987 archive.org (Internet Archive)

Quote boxes

Key facts about widgets
Key dates:	1878: First widgets invented. In the next decade, 11 million were produced.
	1906: Public pressure led Parliament to legislate to buy the companies' assets.

The beauty of HyperCard is that it lets people program without having to learn how to write code — what I call "programming for the rest of us". HyperCard has made it possible for people to do things they wouldn't have ever thought of doing in the past without a lot of heavy-duty programming. It's let a lot of non-programmers, like me, into that loop.

David Lingwood, APDA[1]

Note that curly quotes do not appear in article spaces – only in Talk pages etc.

Big quotation marks

{{cquote|Text of quote}} renders as:

“ Text of quote ”

Tables

Help:Table

My notes and examples: Coding of tables in Word for wikitext.docx.

Instead of specifying a fixed width, consider using min-width or max-width instead. Never specify as pixels!

See Help:Table#Setting cell parameters: "At the start of a cell, add your parameter followed by a single pipe. For example, style="width: 300px"| sets that cell to a width of 300 pixels. To set more than one parameter, leave a space between each one."

Vertical alignment in cells, rather than default alignment with the vertical middle of the cell:Help:Table#Vertical alignment in cells

Centring a table

Use CSS and set margin-left and margin-right values to "auto" (top and bottom margins can be set to whatever you want):

style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"

Example: Table with more than one heading inside

A big heading here
A heading here
Usual	table	stuff	here
Another heading here
Usual	table	stuff	here

Full-width heading row inside a table (see here for example with several):

1st column	2nd column	3rd column	4th column
LENGTH
1st column	2nd column	3rd column	4th column

  With a heading outside the table ("caption") above it:

Caption (external heading)

A heading here
Usual	table	stuff	here
Another heading here
Usual	table	stuff	here

Collapsible tables

Collapsed when page is opened:

{| class="wikitable floatright mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" border= "1" style= "width:35%; font-size: 80%; float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-right:3em; margin-bottom:2em"

Collapsible but un-collapsed when page is opened:

as above but with "mw-collapsed" removed:

{| class="wikitable floatright mw-collapsible" border= "1" style= "width:35%; font-size: 80%; float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-right:3em; margin-bottom:2em"

Collapsed table on right with text flowing around

See "Adelaide tram trackage after 2018 extensions" table in Tramways revival in Adelaide#2018 route extensions. Code starts off as:

{| class="wikitable floatright mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=margin:0.5em auto; width:40%; "text-align="center; font-size:86%; margin-left:1em; margin-right:2em; margin-bottom:1em" ! colspan="10"|<br>

Table makes heading below it disappear

This appears to result from both "width 100%" and "float:left" being present, as in style= "width:100%; ...; float:left;. The browser may be trying to display the heading in a space of width 0 to the right of the table. I removed "float:left", but you can remove either style.

Collapsible and sortable columns in table

Example: table under "Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda" heading in Garratt. Starts off with:

{|class="wikitable sortable floatleft mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" border= "1" style= "width:95%; font-size: 86%; margin-left:2em; margin-right:2em; margin-bottom:2em"INSERT RETURN HERE ! scope="col" | Class !! scope="col" | Type !! scope="col" | Qty!! scope="col" | Loco nos !! | Built !! scope="col"| Formerly!! scope="col" | Notes

Sortable columns (not collapsible) in table

See table table under "Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda" heading in Garratt (as above). To remove collapsible attribute, delete floatleft mw-collapsible mw-collapsed.

Link to another wiki (e.g. in Wikimedia Commons, linking to a Wikipedia article, and so on)

See Help:Interwiki linking.

See "c:Template:W" in Wikimedia Commons.

Link from Wikipedia to Commons [[c:]]

This is an extract from [[c:File:Drawing of something.png|a larger drawing]]

– renders as:

This is an extract from a larger drawing.

Link from Commons to Wikipedia [[w:]]

In the Wikipedia article on the{{W|Central Australia Railway}}

– renders as:

In the Wikipedia article on the Central Australia Railway

Link to Wikibooks is [[wikibooks:]]

Link to another Commons page from within Commons

These avoid the image appearing in a gigantic size, and also make the filenames clickable. Necessary especially when uploading a significantly modified version of another image.

1. On the Upload details page, go into Edit mode, then Information → Source:

|source={{f|Oodnadatta track.jpg}} ← (Note the curly brackets)

– renders the filename as a clickable Oodnadatta track.jpg

Alternatively:

|source=[[:File:Oodnadatta track.jpg]] ← (Note the preliminary colon)

– renders the filename as a clickable File:Oodnadatta track.jpg

2. On the Upload details page, go into Edit mode, then Information → (Free text at end of summary)

This is a cropped version of {{f|Oodnadatta track.jpg}}

– renders:

This is a cropped version of Oodnadatta track.jpg

[Note that [[c:|Oodnadatta track.jpg]] will only take you to the main page of Wikimedia Commons.]

Link to a Wikipedia article from another Wikipedia article

[[name of Wikipedia article]]

Link to a section in another Wikipedia article

List the main article title and the heading under which the section appears (omitting any intermediate heading(s):

It was a new type of [[Brake van#Australia|brake van]] ←(note the pipe) Also, after #, insert the heading that immediately covers the section. In the example, "Country overview" is a level 2 heading but the section we want appears under the level 3 heading, "Australia".

– renders as:

It was a new type of brake van

Link to a section in the same article (self link)

Remember: in Edit mode, remove "nowiki".

See Help:Self link#Self-link to a section:

"A link to a section of the same article ... should usually be written without the page name ... because this method does not cause the page to reload (if the reader initially arrived at the page via a redirect) and is thus more efficient. A useful application is links from article leads or overview sections to detail sections buried deeper in the same article."

[[#Tips and solutions]] -- which renders as #Tips and solutions.

To eliminate the "#" character: [[#Tips and solutions|Tips and solutions]] renders as Tips and solutions.

To add a section symbol to indicate it's a link to a section in the same article: {{xref|{{section link||Tips and solutions}}}} -- which renders as § Tips and solutions.

Links enabled by anchors

At Anchor

Ping

See https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Notifications/Types   and   Help:Notifications#Messages on your talk page

To ping someone in wiki markup, you must sign using FOUR TILDES.

You can alert someone in the Edit summary with the same code.

Renders as	Code	Notes
Whoever	[[User:Whoever|Whoever]] {{u|Whoever}}    or {{u|Whoever|Whoever}} {{reply to|Whoever}}	← Use only the name – don't include "User:" or brackets
At the start of a sentence: @Whoever: @Whoever and Another: @Whoever, Another and YetAnother:	{{ping|Whoever}} {{ping|Whoever|Another}} {{ping|Whoever|Another|YetAnother}}	With these, each "|" adds another user to be alerted. Placement at the start of a sentence occurs because of the ":". ← Use only the name – don't include "User:" or brackets
Whoever (talk • contribs)	{{User:Whoever}}    ← Breaks if you add a 2nd "whoever"

 

Colours for fonts, panels etc

See Help:Using colours

Sample panel from the Help page:

Text (panel widens to fit)

Bold but not too black (including grey headings)

See Help:Advanced text formatting#Bold but not too bold

Bold-faced text can be softened, or visually thinned, by using dark grey text, rather than black, as the text font-colour.

Example code:
'''<span style="color: #666666">One</span>'''

– which renders as: One

Dark grey colours – using #666666, #555555 and #808080 – will appear respectively as:

One – Two – Three

Compare these against the starker contrast of the default black boldfacing results:

One – Two – Three

In Wikipedia, bold-faced text is mainly used to highlight words that are:

• the title of the article, repeated in the lead
• alternative names of the article's or section's topic, that redirect to this location
• section headings
• table headers
• terms in glossaries
• and a few other special uses.

Bold-faced text could be confusing when used in other ways, so the use of a lighter bolded text allows for this style of highlighting with less ambiguity.

Coloured reminder text in a draft

To colour text, e.g. for a reminder on a sandbox page ("kbd" changes to monospace font):

<kbd><span style="color:#nnnnnnTEXT'''</span></kbd>

#nnnnnnTEXT

-- where #nnnnnn is as follows:

Red: [text – #FF0A15]

Maroon: [text – #800080]

Blue: [text – #0000DE]

Indigo: [text – #251F86]

Orange: [text – #FF740C]

Brown: [text – #9F3F1B]

Green: [text – #006628]

Grey: [text – #676767]

Black: [text – #000000]

Omit "kbd" to display as the same font as article text:

red / red

maroon / maroon

blue / blue

indigo / indigo

orange / orange

brown / brown

green / green

grey / grey

black / black.

Colours are from the colour wheel, e.g. in Pages.app or a Word doc » Font; copy the hex code.

Remember colours render differently in different web browsers.

Highlight pen effect

See Help:Using colours.

With "text in front of highlighter" coloured darkish blue:

text before <span style="background:#cedff2;color:#11e"> text in front of highlighter </span> and text after

– which renders as: text in front of highlighter

With "text in front of highlighter" not coloured:

text before <span style="background:#cedff2"> text in front of highlighter </span> and text after

– which renders as: text in front of highlighter

Highlighter colours:

• blue:     #cedff2
• lemon:  #FFFF00
• pink:     #F5D7CD
• beige:   #ECDFBA

Block quote

In line, in body text:

<blockquote>Text</blockquote>

Coord

See Template:Coord

{{coord|-DECIMAL STH |DECIMAL EAST}}

In the infobox, this can be used:

{{nowrap|{{coord|-DECIMAL STH |DECIMAL EAST|display=inline,title|format=dms|region:AU-SA_type:landmark}}}}

Degree of uncertainty

By default, the georeference precision is about 0.3 metres or 1/100 of a second on the equator. To show fewer digits, add parameter "prec" with a measurement of precision expressed in metres. For example, 40-metre uncertainty would be expressed as "prec=40". At the moment this parameter only affects the display of the coordinates.

At the equator, an arc-second of longitude approximately equals an arc-second of latitude, which is 1/60th of a nautical mile (or 101.27 feet or 30.87 metres). Arc-seconds of latitude remain nearly constant, while arc-seconds of longitude decrease in a trigonometric cosine-based fashion as one moves toward the earth's poles. Hence at 49 degrees latitude, an arc-second of longitude equals 30.87 metres x 0.6561 (cos 49 degrees) or 20.250 metres.
Darwin (-12°): 30 metres; Alice Springs (-23°): 28 metres; Adelaide (-35°): 25 metres

Examples of uncertainty:

• 100m uncertainty in Adelaide: |prec=100
• with a 2 km uncertainty: |prec=2000
  

{{Location|-32.2|137.877|heading:45|prec=2000}}

For precision of decimal places in display (1st decimal place, 11km; 2nd, 1.1 km; 3rd, 110m; 4th, 11m):

• Wikipedia: same number as input
• Commons: Against {{Location ... end with |prec=[# of metres]}}

Nested infoboxes

See infobox at Milang railway line.

Coding for Location SA Map Viewer references

<ref>{{cite web|title=Search results for "NAME, LOCB" with the following datasets selected: Suburbs and Localities; Government Towns; Counties; Local Government Areas; SA Government Regions; Land Development Plan Zone Categories; Gazetteer|url=http://location.sa.gov.au/viewer/|website=Location SA Map Viewer|publisher=Government of South Australia|accessdate=DATE}}</ref>

For listing in the infobox, precede the above with:

|coordinates = {{coord|26.969862|S|133.368583|E|format=dms|display=title,inline}}

Link to Manning Index of SA placenames, SLSA

Example is for "D":

https://published.collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/placenamesofsouthaustralia/D.pdf

IPA pronunciation coding

({{IPAc-en|'|w|o|r|d|}}{{respell|EMPHASIS|o|o}}}})

-- which renders as, for example: (/ˈweɪkəri/ WAIK-uh-ri)

Nested collapsible boxes (containing graphic)

See "Station track layouts" box at Milang railway line.

Conversions coding

Significant figures can be controlled, e.g. by |2.

Note "comma=5" suppresses commas until 5 digits are reached; hence 9999 but 10,000. For simple numbers, "comma=off" can be used.

With "convert", you can specify abbreviation on/off (e.g. |abbr=off); "cvt" has abbr=on as the default.

For comprehensive info on rounding, see here.

For errors, see Help:Convert messages. See also: Template:Convert/list of units. For the master list of conversion data used by the Convert module, see here.

For adjectival expressions (i.e., hyphenated, such as "100 km-long route"), add |adj=on
or: {{convert|30|m|ft|adj=mid|abbr=off|-high}}
-- which renders as: 30-metre-high (98-foot)

Note that sigfig=1 rounds off too much in most of my contexts. Inputs 10 and 10.0 give the same results.
LENGTH
kilometres → miles	{{convert|100|km|mi|sigfig=2|abbr=off}}   USE THIS	100 kilometres (62 miles)	Input 100; sigfig=2; abbr off
km → mi	{{convert|100|km|mi|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}   OR THIS	100 km (62 mi)	Input 100; sigfig=2; abbr on
km → mi	{{convert|100.0|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}   OR THIS	100.0 km (62.1 mi)	Input 100.0; sigfig=3; abbr on
metres → feet	{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=2|abbr=off}}   USE THIS	10 metres (33 feet)	Input 10; sigfig=2; abbr off
metres → feet & inches	{{convert|10|m|ftins|sigfig=2|abbr=off}}   USE THIS	10 metres (32 feet 10 inches)	Input 10; sigfig=2; abbr off
m → ft	{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}   OR THIS	10 m (33 ft)	Input 10; sigfig=2; abbr on
m → ft	{{convert|10.0|m|ft|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}   OR THIS	10.0 m (32.8 ft)	Input 10.0; sigfig=3; abbr on
(many) m → ft	{{convert|3200.8|m|ft|comma=5|abbr=on}}	3200.8 metres (10,501 ft)	comma=5; abbr on
metres → ft	{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=1}}	10 metres (30 ft)	Input 10, sigfig=1
m → ft	{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}	10 m (30 ft)	Input 10; sigfig=1; abbr on
metres → ft ft entered but listed 2nd	{{convert|30|ft|m|sigfig=1|order=flip}}	9 metres (30 ft)	Input 30 ft, sigfig=1, flip
feet & inches → metres	{{convert|25|ft|7|in|m|sigfig=2|abbr=off}}	25 feet 7 inches (7.8 metres)	sigfig=2; abbr off
feet & inches + fraction → metres	{{convert|11|ft|7+1/4|in|m|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}	11 ft 7+1⁄4 in (3.537 m)	sigfig=3; abbr on
mm → ft & in	{{convert|2500|mm|ftin|comma=5|abbr=on}}	2500 millimetres (8 ft 2 in)	comma=5; abbr on
(range with hyphen) ft–ft → m–m	{{convert|3.08|-|6.08|ft|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}	3.08–6.08 ft (0.94–1.85 m)	sigfig=2; abbr on 2.7 to 20 metres (8 ft 10 in to 65 ft 7 in)
(range with "to") ft–ft → m–m	{{convert|2.7 to 20|m|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}	2.7 to 20 m (8 ft 10 in to 65 ft 7 in)	sigfig=2; abbr on
ft & in → m	{{convert|25|ft|7|in|m|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}	25 ft 7 in (7.8 m)	sigfig=2; abbr on
ft & in → mm	{{convert|4|ft|0|in|mm|0|comma=off|abbr=on}}	4 ft 0 in (1219 mm)	comma off; abbr on
inches → (mm)	{{convert|63|in|mm|comma=off|abbr=out}}	63 inches (1600 mm)	comma off; no abbr for inches; "()"
inches → or mm	{{convert|63|in|mm|comma=off|abbr=out|disp=or}}	63 inches or 1600 mm	comma off; no abbr for inches; "or"
in x in → mm x mm	{{convert|13 x 18|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}	13 in × 18 in (330 mm × 457 mm)	abbr on
AREA
hectares → acres	{{convert|70|ha|acre|abbr=off}}	70 hectares (170 acres)	abbr off
square feet → square metres	{{convert|56|sqft|sqm}}	56 square feet (5.2 square metres)	abbr not specified
sq ft → m2	{{convert|56|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}	56 sq ft (5.2 m2)	abbr on; [sq m n/a]
sq km → sq mi	{{convert|4000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|comma=off}}	4000 km2 (1500 sq mi)	abbr on, comma off
SPEED
km/h → mph	{{convert|80|km/h|mph}}	80 kilometres per hour (50 mph)	abbr off
FORCE
pounds-force → kilonewtons	{{convert|7814|lbf|kN|comma=5 |abbr=off}}	7814 pounds-force (34.76 kilonewtons)	comma=5; abbr off
lbf → kN	{{convert|7814|lbf|kN|comma=5 |abbr=on}}	7814 lbf (34.76 kN)	comma=5; abbr on
pounds per square inch → kilopascals	{{convert|160|psi|kPa|comma=off|abbr=off}}	160 pounds per square inch (1103 kilopascals)	comma off; abbr off
psi → kPa	{{convert|160|psi|kPa|comma=off|abbr=on}}	160 psi (1103 kPa)	comma off; abbr on
VOLUME
imperial gallons → US gallons; litres	{{convert|460|impgal|USgal L|0|comma=5 |abbr=off}}	460 imperial gallons (552 US gallons; 2091 litres)	comma=5; abbr off
imp gal → US gal; L	{{convert|460|impgal|USgal L|0|comma=5 |abbr=on}}	460 imp gal (552 US gal; 2091 L)	comma=5; abbr on
MASS
metric tons → long tons	{{convert|30|MT|lt|comma=5|abbr=off}}	30 metric tons (30 long tons)	comma=5; abbr off
t → LT	{{convert|30|MT|lt|comma=5|abbr=on}}	30 t (30 LT)	comma=5; abbr on
long tons cwt → lb, t	{{long ton|28|18|comma=5}}	28 long tons 18 cwt (64,700 lb or 29.4 t)	default format; comma=5
long tons (whole) → tonnes	{{convert|30|lt|tonne|sigfig=4|comma=5|abbr=off}}	30.0 long tons (30.48 tonnes)	sigfig=4; comma=5; abbr off
long tons cwt qtr → tonnes	{{convert|30|lt|18 |Lcwt|2|qtr|tonne|sigfig=4|comma=5|abbr=off}}	30 long tons 18 hundredweight 2 quarters (31.42 tonnes)	sigfig=4; comma=5; abbr off
My manual conversion when cwt and qtr abbreviated but tonnes & pounds not: long tons cwt → tonnes or pounds	28 long tons 18 cwt 3 qtr (n tonnes or n pounds)	28 long tons 18 cwt 3 qtr ([calc] tonnes or [calc] pounds)	Tonnes spelled out
kg/m → lb/yd	{{convert|60|kg/m|lb/yd|abbr=on}}	60 kilograms per metre (120 pounds per yard)	abbr on

Conversions, track gauges

For other track gauge (rail gauge) examples, see here.

{{Track gauge|3ft6in|lk=on|comma=off}}	3 ft 6 in (1067 mm) ← linked	Typinator: w3ft6
{{Track gauge|3ft6in|comma=off}}	3 ft 6 in (1067 mm) ← not linked
{{Track gauge|1067mm|lk=on|comma=off}}	1067 mm (3 ft 6 in) ← linked
{{Track gauge|1067mm|comma=off}}	1067 mm (3 ft 6 in) ← not linked	Typinator: w1067
{{Track gauge|4ft8.5in|lk=on|comma=off}}	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1435 mm) ← linked	Typinator: w4ft8
{{Track gauge|4ft8.5in|comma=off}}	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1435 mm) ← not linked
{{Track gauge|1435mm|lk=on|comma=off}}	1435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) ← linked
{{Track gauge|1435mm|comma=off}}	1435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) ← not linked	Typinator: w1435
{{Track gauge|5ft3in|lk=on|comma=off}}	5 ft 3 in (1600 mm) ← linked	Typinator: w5ft3
{{Track gauge|5ft3in|comma=off}}	5 ft 3 in (1600 mm) ← not linked
{{Track gauge|1600mm|lk=on|comma=off}}	1600 mm (5 ft 3 in) ← linked
{{Track gauge|1600mm|comma=off}}	1600 mm (5 ft 3 in) ← not linked	Typinator: w1600

Conversions, significant figures in

See Help:Convert#Rounding.

"By default, the output value is rounded to adjust its precision to match that of the input. An input such as 1234 is interpreted as 1234 ± 0.5, while 1200 is interpreted as 1200 ± 50, and the output value is displayed accordingly, taking into account the scale factor used in the conversion."

If the default is not wanted, the precision of output values can be specified using:

• |N (where N is a number) displays N digits after the decimal mark (round output to N decimal places).
• |-N (where -N is a negative number) replaces N digits before the decimal mark with zero (round output to nearest 10^N).
• |sigfig=N (where N is a positive number) to specify the number of significant digits (round output to N significant figures).
• |round=5 to round the output to the nearest multiple of 5. The round value can be 0.5, 5, 10, 25 or 50.

Examples:

• {{convert|1234|ft|m}} → 1,234 feet (376 m)
• {{convert|1234|ft|m|2}} → 1,234 feet (376.12 m)
• {{convert|1234|ft|m|-1}} → 1,234 feet (380 m)
• {{convert|1234|ft|m|round=5}} → 1,234 feet (375 m)
• {{convert|1234|ft|m|round=10}} → 1,234 feet (380 m)
• {{convert|1234|ft|m|round=25}} → 1,234 feet (375 m)
• {{convert|1234|ft|m|round=50}} → 1,234 feet (400 m)
• {{convert|1234|ft|m|sigfig=2}} → 1,234 feet (380 m)
• {{convert|1234|ft|m|sigfig=4}} → 1,234 feet (376.1 m)
• {{convert|1230|ft|m}} → 1,230 feet (370 m)
• {{convert|1230|ft|m|0}} → 1,230 feet (375 m)
• {{convert|1230|ft|m|1}} → 1,230 feet (374.9 m)
• {{convert|5670|sqft}} → 5,670 square feet (527 m²)
• {{convert|5670|sqft|-2}} → 5,670 square feet (500 m²)
• {{convert|7|x|8|x|12|ft|abbr=on|round=0.5}} → 7 ft × 8 ft × 12 ft (2 m × 2.5 m × 3.5 m)

An input value such as 5000 is assumed to have one significant figure, while 5001 has four. If wanted, "5000." can be used to specify an input number that has four significant figures.

• {{convert|5000|m}} → 5,000 metres (16,000 ft)
• {{convert|5000.|m}} → 5,000 metres (16,404 ft)

Census coding

When population has been entered manually:
My Typinator abbreviation: wcensuswarn

Replace any population entered manually in the infobox with:
| pop = <!--leave blank to draw the latest automatically from Wikidata-->

Town and surrounds:
My Typinator abbreviation: wcensusArea

In the [[most recent Australian census|most recent]] [[Census in Australia|Australian census]], the wider AREA locality, including the township, had a population of {{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type=suburb | wikidata=WIKIDATA NUMBER}}

-- which renders as, for example:

In the most recent Australian census, the wider Mallala locality, including the town[ship], had a population of 1,042 (SAL 2021).^[1]

-- with the citation:
Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Mallala (suburb and locality)". Australian Census 2021 QuickStats. Retrieved 10 November 2024.

"Town only" extraction is currently a work in progress.

Fractions

Plain vanilla half

{{frac|1|2}} -- which renders as 1⁄2     Example: 81⁄2

Without using Unicode but reducing digit sizes

<span style="vertical-align:super;font-size:x-small">1</span>/<span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:x-small">2</span>

-- which renders as 1/2     Example: 81/2

About fractions

Half (and other fractions) 1/2 will be displayed by <span style="vertical-align:super;font-size:x-small">1</span>/<span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:x-small">2</span> Template:Frac/doc: Use of this template should be secondary to producing fractions per the appropriate unicodes for fractions. Typically the following characters would be reproduced using the unicode: ½ ⅓ ⅔ ¼ ¾ ⅕ ⅖ ⅗ ⅘ ⅙ ⅚ ⅐ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞ ⅑ ⅒ ↑ Note: this differs from ½ coded as &#one hundred and 89;, which is the same as the "half" character above when copied and pasted: ½ Help:Fractions and functions: Fractions sometimes occur in regular text, and need proper presentation. Only a limited number are covered in the UTF-8 repertoire: they are ¼ ½ ¾ ⅓ ⅔ ⅕ ⅖ ⅗ ⅘ ⅙ ⅚ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞ A number of these fractions have been added to the characters bar at the bottom of the edit page. The remainder have been left off since they do not render in the font used for Wikisource. They will appear here if your computer has Lucida Sans Unicode. They are overlarge compared with the regular font size. Other fractions can be done with keyboard figures (like 11/16, 27/32, et cetera), but they are intrusive, being overlarge. More elegant fractions can be made by HTML coding, such as using the superscript/subscript markup. Thus, 11/16 will be displayed by <span style="vertical-align:super;font-size:x-small">11</span>/<span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:x-small">16</span> (Neither {{Font-size70%|{{sfrac|n|n}}}}, described in Wikisource Template:Font-size70%, nor Template:Fs70, which redirects to it, works in Wikipedia. A pity, because they fit inline.) Half" by encoding 55%; frac below: 4 ft 8<span style="vertical-align:super;font-size:55%">1</span>/<span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:55%">2</span> in renders as: 4 ft 81/2 in cf via frac: 4 ft 81⁄2 in – which is the same as Track gauge: 1435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)

See https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Help:Fractions_and_functions#Fractions,_matrices,_multilines

Commonly occurring fractions in UTF-8 (start with &# -- then follow with 3 digits as below):

• half (189): ½ (e.g. 4 ft 8½ ins versus 4 ft 81⁄2). (Typinator abbrev is whalf.)
• quarter (188): ¼
• three-quarters (190): ¾

Fraction in standard gauge: copy in Edit view to produce: 1435 mm (4 ft 8½ in) (Typinator abbrev is w1435)

Other gauges: copy in Edit view to produce:

1600 mm (5 ft 3 in) (Typinator abbrev is w1600)

1067 mm (3 ft 6 in) (Typinator abbrev is w1067).

Requesting editing of a template

after consensus reached: See Template:Edit template-protected.

Fields that update (birthdays, year)

To "turn over" on 1st January: {{age|19nn}}

This will return, as in this 1900 example → 123–124 years. To avoid the expression of a two-year range, code as: {{age|19nn|1|1}}.

When the exact date is known, format so that it "turns over" on that day and month each year: {{age|19nn|n|n}}.

Non-breaking hyphen

My Typinator abbreviation: wnonbreakinghyphen (includes the date via subst.)

{{Non breaking hyphen}}

or {{nbh}}

{{nbhyph}} is now deprecated.

There is no point in using the alternative code, [ampersand]#8209; (see fourth bullet point at Hyphen#Unicode) — a bot will end up changing it to a plain hyphen.

For compound page numbers, e.g. MRSAC, use: {{Nowrap|PREFIX-PAGE NO. }} as in {{Nowrap|1-403 }} (note that it's a simple hyphen, not an en dash).

For soft hyphen (aka discretionary or optional hyphen) see, in the Hyphen article, Soft and hard hyphens and Unicode.

Non-breaking en dash

{{Non breaking en dash}}

or {{nbnd}}

or {{nbndash}}

Spaced en dash

Includes a non-breaking space before the en dash; normally an ordinary space is typed in after it.

{{snd}}

{{spaced en dash}}

Code for for keyboard characters

Such as square brackets: &#91; for opening bracket and &#93; for closing bracket.

See Codes for keyboard characters and List of XML and HTML character entity references.

Unicode to html converter:  

You can copy an emoji (e.g. from  ) and paste it into this ↑ page; the hex code is created.

Spaces -- nbsp & others

From Template:Spaces

{{nbsp}} is an alias for  

{{spaces|n|type}} produces n consecutive non-breaking spaces of the type specified by the second parameter, which in decreasing order of size is:

• em
• fig
• en

     (non-breaking space is here in the hierarchy -- same width as a standard space)

• thin
• hair.

{{spaces|type}} produces a single non-breaking space of the type you specify.

If the type isn't specified, n non-breaking spaces are produced.

Examples:

• 2 ems in first space, standard in second: Blah  blah blah.
• Single spaces of the values of em, fig, en, standard, thin, hair: Blah blah blah blah blah blah blah.

This template, usually as its alias {{nbsp}}, may be used with {{wbr}} and {{nowrap}} to control line-breaking in bulletless lists in infoboxes, to prevent wrapped long entries from being confused with multiple entries. See here for details.

Also see, under the "See also" heading in the article, links to Help:Advanced text formatting and to separate template articles on these topics:

• add inline spacing in units of px, em or ex
• add invisible characters
• stop the linewrapping of any part of item
• insert five non-breaking spaces
• indent by a specified number of spaces (with leading newline)
• indent by five or a specified number of spaces (with no leading newline)
• indent an entire block of content, similar to a block quotation (uses div and CSS margins)
• add regular, breaking space.

Nowrap (no wrap)

Keeps the term intact. For example:

{{Nowrap|2-8-4}}

Line breaks (newline)

See Help:Line-break handling, especially the "<br /> or <br>" section.

"As of April 2019, the rather common form <br> also causes this incorrect display in some of them, and is thus better avoided for the time being. Please correct invalid occurrences – such as </br>, < br>, or </ br> – to <br /> as you encounter them, though preferably as a part of a more substantive edit."

Also: "For content that is semantically a list, such as in infoboxes, actual list markup is preferred."

For line breaks in lists, which should not be separated with blank space (WP:LISTGAP), and on Talk pages, use <br /><!-- at the end of a paragraph, then hit Return, then start the new paragraph with --> as follows:

<br /><!--

-->

This makes the paragraphs more noticeable in Edit view.

Pointing finger icon

{{font|size=180%|&#9758;}}

-- which renders as: ☞

Box-and-arrow icon

Used as "dummy" link in these notes.

[[File:Go-to-file icon.png|15px]]

-- which renders as:

Organisation charts

A good example, all by hwiki markup, is in the article on Viterra.

Honorifics, post-nominals, honours

{{small|{{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100|OAM }}}}

-- which renders as:
OAM

Author coding (Description field in Commons upload)

My Typinator abbreviation: wauthorme

|Author={{user at project|SCHolar44|wikipedia|en}}

-- which renders as:

|Author=SCHolar44 at English Wikipedia

Signature

My Typinator abbreviation: wsignoff ← includes "Cheers, Simon" and date+time

Or copy this:

Cheers, Simon – [[User:SCHolar44|<b style="color:#7F007F; font-size:medium">SCHolar44 🇦🇺</b>]] [[User talk: SCHolar44|<b>💬</b>]] at ~~~~~