User:Rroja042/sandbox

Affectional Actions

I picked "Affectional Action" as my topic, and with a few minutes of research I already found a great source to use and cite! My main source is going to come from the German sociologist, Max Weber.

I've found a few sources to use:

• "The Max Weber Dictionary: Key Words and Central Concepts, Second Edition" by Richard Swedberg, Ola Agevall
• "Economy and Society" by Max Weber
• "The Theory Of Social And Economic Organization" by Max Weber
• "Max Weber & Democratic Politics" by Peter Breiner
• "Scheler's Contributions to the Sociology of Affective Action with Special Attention to the Problem of Shame" by Richard Hays Williams

Outline

Alright, so there is little to virtually nothing about affectional actions on Wikipedia. I am going to start by pretty much revising what is already present on the page, by altering the wording of the page, so I can fit in new information. I will add in information about what exactly a social action is and who developed the idea of a social action (Max Weber). I can also talk about the four different major types of social actions and distinguish between all of them, as defined by Max Weber himself. After that, I'll go more in depth about what exactly an emotional action is (and possibly give some examples of an emotional action). Max Weber speaks about an actor in all of this, so I think I may have to clarify exactly what an actor is. All in all, I plan to expand upon exactly what an affectual action is and connect it to other Wikipedia articles and expand it.

Week 6

I'm going to start organizing my assignments by weeks and whatnot for a clearer layout.

This is the only form of text on the page: "Affectional action (also, affectual or emotional action) is a social action caused by an emotion (revenge, love, loyalty, etc.). Those actions are taken due to one's emotions, to express personal feelings. For example, cheering after a victory, crying at a funeral would be emotional actions.."

My proposed lead section will go somewhat like this:

"An affectional action (also known as an affectual, emotional, or affective action) is one of four major types of social action, as defined by Max Weber. Unlike the other social actions, an affectional action is an action that occurs as a result of a person's state of feeling, sometimes regardless of the consequences that follow it. Because the action is a result of our state of feeling, an affectional action can be irrational and rational. An example of an affectional action can be the act of a father striking their daughter because of an action that she carried our that the father saw as frustrating."

My page is missing: sources, input from Wikipedians, proper structure, good information, and consistency in the term Affectional Action (as it changes from affectional to emotional). Overall, my page is empty.

Also, I'm not sure if I should include a section dedicated to examples of affectional action...I feel like that would be unnecessary.

Week 7

Leading section

An affectional action (also known as an affectual, emotional, or affective action) is one of four major types of social action, as defined by Max Weber. Unlike the other social actions, an affectional action is an action that occurs as a result of a person's state of feeling, sometimes regardless of the consequences that follow it. Because the action is a result of our state of feeling, an affectional action can be described as irrational and reactive. An example of an affectional action can be the act of a father striking their daughter because of an action that she carried our that the father saw as frustrating.

Max Weber's writings on affectional action

Max Weber describes the actions that we take as rarely occurring with the influence of only one of the four types of social actions. He describes the action as: "an uncontrolled reaction to some exceptional stimulus." [ADD CITATION HERE FROM THEORY OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BLAH BLAH BLAH] An affectional action may not alway be uncontrolled and strictly reactive, as a person may act strictly on their emotions, but the emotions of the person may take some form of rationalization, resulting in an action that is not purely affectional anymore. [ADD CITATION HERE][HAVE TO FIND MORE AS MAX WEBER DOESN'T HAVE MUCH ON AFFECTIONAL ACTION]

Affectional action across individuals [PG 224 OF THE MANAGED HEART]

People will react differently in certain situations, so an affectional action will always depend on the person performing the action. With this in mind, an affectional action will have a variety of factors like the personality of the person, or the cultural normalities, or even the setting in which the person is in. There will never be a universal action occurring out of emotional and state of feeling. A few examples of the variables that go into how the subject reacts can be:

• Whether the person tends to be more emotional than usual
• Whether the person is dealing with clientele, as they have to maintain a good image
• The cultural teachings from which the person comes from
• The background of the person

I plan to add much more from "The managed heart" by Arlie Russell Hochschild, as this page is a gold mine for the idea that emotions are socially learned.

Famous examples of affectional action

As stated before, an affectional action can take on the form of many acts. More often than not, an affectional action will occur as a result of the person's current emotions, oftentimes, resulting in actions sometimes deemed as irrational, like:

• The Caning of Charles Sumner was an act in which Representative Preston Brooks, a Democrat, attacked Senator Charles Sumner after Sumner's speech which spoke out against the ideals of Preston Brooks and also mocked the relative of Preston Brooks. Two days after the speech, Sumner was attacked and beaten severely in the Senate Chamber by Preston Brooks. The action occurred purely out of anger. [NOT A GOOD EXAMPLE]
• I have other examples, like anger resulting in fights breaking out in Countries' parliaments, but i want to consult Prof Garcia first about this

Questions to ask:

I've been reading up and I've found that the following sociologists contribute to the idea of emotions and actions following it: John Dewey, Hans Gerth and C. Wright Mills, Erving Goffman, Sigmund Freud, Charles Darwin, and William James.

I've also been suggested to include examples of affectional action, are these any good? I didn't want to limit my examples.

Ask prof Garcia more about the managed heart (and possibly about contacting the author?).

Week 8

Leading section

An affectional action (also known as an affectual, emotional, or affective action) is one of four major types of social action, as defined by Max Weber. Unlike the other social actions, an affectional action is an action that occurs as a result of a person's state of feeling, sometimes regardless of the consequences that follow it. Because the action is a result of our state of feeling, an affectional action may sometimes be described as irrational and reactive. An example of an affectional action can be the act of a father striking their daughter because of an action that she carried our that the father saw as frustrating.

Max Weber's writings on affectional action

Max Weber describes the actions that we take as rarely occurring with the influence of only one of the four types of social actions. He describes the action as: "an uncontrolled reaction to some exceptional stimulus." [ADD CITATION HERE FROM THEORY OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BLAH BLAH BLAH] An affectional action may not alway be uncontrolled and strictly reactive, as a person may act strictly on their emotions, but the emotions of the person may take some form of rationalization, resulting in an action that is not purely affectional anymore. [ADD CITATION HERE][HAVE TO FIND MORE AS MAX WEBER DOESN'T HAVE MUCH ON AFFECTIONAL ACTION]

Affectional action in The Managed Heart

The Managed Heart is a book that was written by by Arlie Russell Hochschild. First published in 1979, the book speaks about the role of emotions and feelings in our society, "Feeling rules", as well as the use of emotions and affectional action in the workplace. Hochschild presents the idea that actions that result from our emotions is rational, not irrational. She goes on to say that the relationship that we accept between irrationality and affectional action stems from our "cultural policy toward emotional life..." [ADD CITATION FROM MANAGED HEART].

Affectional action and emotions as described by sociologists

Hochschild speaks about emotions and our actions resulting from our feelings using the input from many other famous sociologists in The Managed Heart:

• Charles Darwin: Darwin believed that emotional gestures were biologically innate. He went on to say that the gestures that resulted from emotions and feelings were mainly universal and applied to all individuals, where some gestures like kissing and weeping were culturally specific.
• Sigmund Freud: Freud went through three major stages of his idea of emotions. First, he believed our emotions were a result of our blocked libido, presenting itself as tension and anxiety [ADD CITATION PAGE 218]. Then, he believed emotions and emotional actions to accompany Id. [FINISH THIS LATER CAUSE THIS IS CONFUSING]
• William James: James believed that different emotions would accompany different body states, meaning, the manipulation of our body and mind also alters our emotions and how we would react to certain situations in which we react based upon our emotional state.

[BY THE END OF WEEK 9, I WILL ADD MORE SOCIOLOGISTS, BUT AS OF RIGHT NOW, I HAVE THE MAIN THREE THAT SHE SPOKE ABOUT]

Affectional action across individuals [PG 224 OF THE MANAGED HEART]

People will react differently in certain situations, so an affectional action will always depend on the person performing the action. With this in mind, an affectional action will have a variety of factors like the personality of the person, or the cultural normalities, or even the setting in which the person is in. There will never be a universal action occurring out of emotional and state of feeling. A few examples of the variables that go into how the subject reacts can be:

• Whether the person tends to be more emotional than usual
• The cultural teachings from which the person comes from
• The background of the person

An affectional action has to take into account the individual, but the affectional action must also take into account the social norms in which the situation is occurring. This can affect the action an individual will take to an extreme level, as most individuals would react differently when in extremely different situations. Take for example, a waiter in a restaurant. He may become frustrated with clients and want to shout, however, because of his job and the norms that accompany it, he is barred from his typical action. This is an example of emotional labor, an idea of emotional regulation to fit the emotional requirements of a job [DO I CITE WIKIPEDIA?] which was developed by Arlie Russell Hochschild. Emotional labor is one of the major modifiers of the action and individual will take, regardless of their feeling state.

I used to have a section on "famous examples" of affectional action, but was suggested to remove it and use an example in The Managed Heart instead.

I added a lot from The Managed Heart. Like, A LOT.

I still haven't added much on Weber, but I plan to add more soon. Instead of focusing on his writings, I'll focus on the writings of others on him.

I also plan to add something about Feeling rules.

Also, ask prof Garcia about Sigmund Freud and his thoughts on emotions and emotional actions, cause this is fucking confusing.

Affectional action

An affectional action (also known as an affectual, emotional, or affective action) is one of four major types of social action, as defined by Max Weber. Unlike the other social actions, an affectional action is an action that occurs as a result of a person's state of feeling, sometimes regardless of the consequences that follow it. Because the action is a result of our state of feeling, an affectional action may sometimes be described as irrational and reactive. An example of an affectional action can be the act of a father striking their daughter because of an action that she carried our that the father saw as frustrating.

Writings on affectional action

Max Weber's writings on affectional action

Max Weber describes the actions that we take as rarely occurring with the influence of only one of the four types of social actions. He describes the action as: "an uncontrolled reaction to some exceptional stimulus." [ADD CITATION HERE FROM THEORY OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BLAH BLAH BLAH] An affectional action may not alway be uncontrolled and strictly reactive, as a person may act strictly on their emotions, but the emotions of the person may take some form of rationalization, resulting in an action that is not purely affectional anymore. [ADD CITATION HERE][HAVE TO FIND MORE AS MAX WEBER DOESN'T HAVE MUCH ON AFFECTIONAL ACTION]

Affectional action in The Managed Heart

The Managed Heart is a book that was written by by Arlie Russell Hochschild. First published in 1979, the book speaks about the role of emotions and feelings in our society, "Feeling rules", as well as the use of emotions and affectional action in the workplace. Hochschild presents the idea that actions that result from our emotions is rational, not irrational. She goes on to say that the relationship that we accept between irrationality and affectional action stems from our "cultural policy toward emotional life..." [ADD CITATION FROM MANAGED HEART].

Affectional action and emotions as described by sociologists

Hochschild speaks about emotions and our actions resulting from our feelings using the input from many other famous sociologists in The Managed Heart:

• Charles Darwin: Darwin believed that emotional gestures were biologically innate. He went on to say that the gestures that resulted from emotions and feelings were mainly universal and applied to all individuals, where some gestures like kissing and weeping were culturally specific.
• Sigmund Freud: Freud went through three major stages of his idea of emotions. First, he believed our emotions were a result of our blocked libido, presenting itself as tension and anxiety. Then, he believed emotions and emotional actions to accompany Id. And finally he came to see emotion and affectional action as "signals of impending danger (from inside or outside) and as an impetus to action."
• William James: James believed that different emotions would accompany different body states, meaning, the manipulation of our body and mind also alters our emotions and how we would react to certain situations in which we react based upon our emotional state.

Affectional action across individuals

People will react differently in certain situations, so an affectional action will always depend on the person performing the action. With this in mind, an affectional action will have a variety of factors like the personality of the person, or the cultural normalities, or even the setting in which the person is in. There will never be a universal action occurring out of emotional and state of feeling. A few examples of the variables that go into how the subject reacts can be:

• Whether the person tends to be more emotional than usual
• The cultural teachings from which the person comes from
• The background of the person

An affectional action has to take into account the individual, but the affectional action must also take into account the social norms in which the situation is occurring. This can affect the action an individual will take to an extreme level, as most individuals would react differently when in extremely different situations. Take for example, a waiter in a restaurant. He may become frustrated with clients and want to shout, however, because of his job and the norms that accompany it, he is barred from his typical action. This is an example of emotional labor, an idea of emotional regulation to fit the emotional requirements of a job [DO I CITE WIKIPEDIA?] which was developed by Arlie Russell Hochschild. Emotional labor is one of the major modifiers of the action and individual will take, regardless of their feeling state. This will often occur when an individual is dealing with clients or customers and needs to give off a professional or "good" image, often suppressing the initial affectional action they may want to take.