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User:RockMagnetist (DCO visiting scholar)/Drafts/Robert Hazen

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Mineral evolution

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At a Christmas party in 2006, the biophysicist Harold Morowitz asked Hazen whether there were clay minerals during the Archean Eon. Hazen could not recall a mineralogist ever having asked whether a given mineral existed in a given era,[1][2] and it occurred to him that no one had ever explored how Earth's mineralogy changed over time. He worked on this question for a year with his closest colleague, geochemist Dimitri Sverjensky at Johns Hopkins University, and some other collaborators including a mineralogist, Robert Downs; a petrologist, John Ferry; and a geobiologist, Dominic Papineau. The result was a paper in American Mineralogist that provided a new historical context to mineralogy that they called mineral evolution. Based on a review of the literature, they estimated that the number of minerals in the Solar System has grown from about a dozen at the time of its formation to over 4300 at present. (As of 2017, the latter number has grown to 5300.[3]). They predicted that there was a systematic increase in the number of mineral species over time, and for the Earth's history divided the changes into three main eras: The formation of the Solar System and planets; the reworking of crust and mantle and the onset of plate tectonics; and the appearance of life. After the first era, there were 250 minerals; after the second, 1500. The remainder were made possible by the action of living organisms.[4][5][6][7][8][9]

Public engagement

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Popular books on science include The Story of Earth,[10]

Other refs

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[11]

References

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  1. ^ Mann, Adam (31 October 2017). "What Mineral Evolution Tells Us About Life On Earth — And Beyond". Medium. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
  2. ^ Wei-Haas, Maya. "Life and Rocks May Have Co-Evolved on Earth". Smithsonian. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  3. ^ Pasero, Marco; et al. (November 2017). "The New IMA List of Minerals – A Work in Progress". The New IMA List of Minerals. IMA – CNMNC (Commission on New Minerals Nomenclature and Classification). Retrieved 1 March 2018. {{cite web}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  4. ^ Hazen, Robert. "Mineral Evolution". Carnegie Science. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  5. ^ Rosing, Minik T. (27 November 2008). "Earth science: On the evolution of minerals". Nature. 456 (7221): 456–458. Bibcode:2008Natur.456..456R. doi:10.1038/456456a.
  6. ^ Berardelli, Phil (14 November 2008). "Earth's Minerals Evolved, Too". Science. AAAS. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  7. ^ Vasconcelos, C.; McKenzie, J. A. (9 January 2009). "The Descent of Minerals". Science. 323 (5911): 218–219. doi:10.1126/science.1168807.
  8. ^ "How rocks evolve". The Economist. 13 November 2008. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  9. ^ Yeager, Ashley (14 November 2008). "Microbes drove Earth's mineral evolution". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2008.1226.
  10. ^ Anbar, A. D. (27 September 2012). "A Coevolutionary Tale". Science. 337 (6102): 1606–1606. Bibcode:2012Sci...337.1606A. doi:10.1126/science.1224957.
  11. ^ "Biography". Carnegie Science. Geophysical Laboratory. Retrieved 9 September 2017.

Further reading

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