User:RobbieIanMorrison/sandbox/markup

• 12,345 — get documentation for 'formatnum'
• mw:Help:Magic words

• ä ë ö ü Ä Ë Ö Ü ß € ¢ °C °F – —
• {{use dmy dates|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• {{use American English|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• #REDIRECT [[target]] — must be on line number 1 but can have trailing comments
• {{subst:DATE}}
• X11 web colors
• User:RobbieIanMorrison/sandbox/table

Basic markup

• italic : ''
• bold : '''

Draft content

• {{user sandbox}}
• <!-- {{user sandbox}} -->

Tables

• advanced edits menu
• Help:Table
• Help:Basic table markup
• Wikipedia:Advanced table formatting

Language related

• MIBRAG — {{interlanguage link multi|MIBRAG|de|3=Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft}} (or {{ill}})
• de:Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft — [[:de:Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft]]
• Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft — [[:de:Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft|Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft]]
• Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft — [[:de:Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft|]] (known as the pipe trick in which the missing part is filled in automatically)
• ...und das ist auch gut so — {{lang|de|...und das ist auch gut so}} (denotes language in HTML, often makes no visible changes but may do so, assists screen readers, spell checkers, and so forth)
• (in German) — {{in lang|de}}
• German: Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz — {{langx|de|Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz}}
• English: Basic Law — {{langx|en|Basic Law}}
• Germany — {{flag|Germany}}
• German — {{flag|Germany|name=German}}
• — {{translation/ref|de|Energieeinsparverordnung}}

Notes related

• Template:Efn

• {{efn|Text.}} and invoke {{notelist}} or {{notelist-talk}}
• {{efn|name=some-name|Text.}} with second instance {{efn|name=some-name}} (do not enclose name value in quotes)

• {{ref|a|*}} and <nowiki>*</nowiki>{{note|a}} (each note in the notes section is marked up by hand)
• {{ref|b|†}} and †{{note|b}}

Citation related

• — {{better source|{{subst:DATE}}|reason=Xxx xxxx}}
• — {{cite quote|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• — {{citation needed|reason=Xxx xxxx|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• — {{citation needed lead|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• — {{failed verification|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• — {{dubious|reason=Xxx xxxx|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• — {{which|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• — {{how|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• — {{specify|{{subst:DATE}}|reason=Xxx xxxx}}
• — {{bywhom|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• — {{when|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• — {{clarify|{{subst:DATE}}|reason=Xxx xxxx}}
• — {{ambiguous|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• — {{self-published source|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• — {{tone-inline|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• — {{update after|2016|3|23}} {{update after|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• — {{dead link|{{subst:DATE}}}} (for broken URLs, place immediately before the closing </ref> tag leaving a space to the left)
• — {{rp|needed=yes|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• — {{page needed|{{subst:DATE}}}} (place immediately after the closing </ref> tag leaving no space)
• — {{attribution needed|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• — {{nonspecific|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• ^{[custom text]} — {{sup|[''custom text'']}}
• Candidates than ever before — {{cns|text=than ever before|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• (subscription required) — {{subscription required}}
• (subscription required) — {{subscription}}

Reference related

• Help:Reftags — describes the very useful {{r}} template usage
• Template:R — replaces <ref name="person-2015"/>{{rp|100}} with {{r|person-2015|pages=100}} and so on
• Template:Rp (rp means reference pages)
• Template:Doi
• Help:Magic links — for ISBN, PMID, RFC (but explicit templates are preferable)

• lettered footnotes: {{efn|Text text.}} and {{notelist}}

• reference database

{{reflist|30em|refs= <ref name="frog-etal-1970">{{cite book | title = Ponds}}</ref>}} <!-- reflist -->

• grouped references
• Help:Footnotes

<ref group="groupname" name="id"></ref>
{{reflist|group=groupname}}

• display-authors = etal
• {{reflist|30em}} — made the reference list 30em wide (three column on my aging laptop) (easier to read)
• {{reflist-talk|2}}

• — {{rp|365}} (immediately following </ref> tag)
• — {{rp|section 2}} (the template applies a nowrap construction)
•   — {{rp|S28–S29}}{{nnbsp}}{{rp|at=emphasis per original}} (the |at= parameter adds parentheses)
• — {{rp|needed=yes|{{subst:DATE}}}}
• ^{some text} — {{sup|some text}}

• p. 2 — {{p.|2}} (adds no-break space)
• pp. 2–4 — {{p.|2|4}}

• One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: King, Richard (1869). Handbook. Vol. 1. J Murray.— {{citation-attribution|{{cite book ... }}}}
• This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: King, Richard (1869). Handbook. Vol. 1. J Murray. — {{source-attribution|{{cite book ... }}}}

• — {{open access}} (leave space after cite template)
• — {{closed access}} (leave space after cite template)
• (Registration required) — {{link note|note=Registration required}}

• ISSN 1234-5679 — {{ISSN|1234-5679}} (validation also)
• ISBN 0-7475-3269-9 — {{ISBN|0-7475-3269-9}} (validation also)
• PMID 12345 — {{PMID|12345}} (PubMed ID for biomedical journals)

• ISSN 1234-5679 — ISSN 1234-5679 (magic link not supported)
• ISBN 0-7475-3269-9 — ISBN 0-7475-3269-9 (magic link supported)
• ISBN 0-7475-3269-9 — ISBN <nowiki/> 0-7475-3269-9 (magic link suppressed)

• doi:10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001 — {{doi|10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001}}

Attributions

• Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright § Can I add something to Wikipedia that I got from somewhere else? — list of compatible CC licenses
• Template:CC-notice

 This article incorporates text by Bill Frog available under the CC BY 4.0 license. Changes were made.

• — <ref>{{cite web | title = ...}} {{cc-notice | cc = by4 | url = https://www.xxx.org/yyy | author(s) = Bill Frog}} Changes were made.</ref>
• used for material imported from the Clean Energy Wire site

Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.

• — <ref>{{cite web | title = ...}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International {{nowrap|(CC BY 4.0)}} license].</ref>
• used for material imported from the openmod wiki

Text related

• Template:Nnbsp — narrow no-break space
• Template:Abbr — add abbreviations
• identify unicode in text string

• Bold Normal — '''Bold <span style="font-weight: normal">Normal</span>''' (for use in bold environments)
• emphasis — {{em|emphasis}} (semantic markup, which has some benefits)
• courier — {{font|courier|font=courier|color=DarkOliveGreen}} (can also use text=)
• text text text — text {{fontcolor||#FFDDCC|text}} text
• monospaced iiii — {{mono|monospaced iiii}} (note that <tt> is an obsolete element under HTML5)
• (2005–present) — {{small|(2005–present)}}
• this text is 80% normal size — {{resize|80%|this text is 80% normal size}}
• this text defaults to 90% normal size — {{resize|this text defaults to 90% normal size}}
• this text is 0.2em larger than normal — {{resize|1.2em|this text is 0.2em larger than normal}}
• née Name — {{nee|Name}}
• c. 1850 — {{circa|1850}}
• MSLP — {{abbr|MSLP|Mean Sea Level Pressure}} (mouse-over abbreviations)
• aka — {{abbr|aka|also known as}}
• UKTooltip United Kingdom — {{abbrlink|UK|United Kingdom}} (generates a link too)
• a.k.a. — {{aka}}
• [sic] — {{sic}} (for when the quote looks wrong)
• pp — {{abbr|pp|percent points}}
• Lots of text 10 kg (22 lb) more text. — Lots of text {{nowrap|10 kg (22 lb)}} more text.
• publically [sic] — {{sic|public|ally|expected=publicly}} (although publically is listed as an acceptable spelling) (the public|ally is for obfuscation)
• publically — {{sic|public|ally|expected=publicly|hide=yes}} (offers the benefits of the template without displaying anything)
• {{nbsp}} — no-break space
• {{nnbsp}} — narrow no-break space (inserts U+202F or NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE [NNBSP])
• HyperText Markup Language — {{strikethrough|HyperText Markup Language}}
• "', '", "'" — {{" '}}, {{' "}}, {{" ' "}} (quotes within quotes, see MOS:QWQ)
• T = 293.15 K not m=5.4kg — {{xt|1=''T'' = 293.15 K}} not {{!xt|1=''m''=5.4kg}}
• ⟨ŋ⟩ — {{angbr|ŋ}}

• Highlighted text — {{highlight round|Highlighted text}}
• text — {{hl|text}}
• text — {{highlight|text|lightblue}}
• text — {{red|text}}
• Hello, world! — {{color|orangered|Hello, world!}} (use RGB hex code or X11 web color)
• X11 color SeaGreen — {{color|seagreen|X11 color SeaGreen}}
• Hello, world! — {{background color|orange|Hello, world!}} (use RGB hex code or X11 web color)
• GLPK — {{font color|orangered|gainsboro|GLPK}} (named fields possible too)
• GLPK — {{font color|orangered|gainsboro|GLPK|link=yes}}
• GLPK — {{font color|orangered|gainsboro|GLPK|link=GNU Linear Programming Kit}}

Character related

Relative widths of various spaces in Unicode

• wikibooks:Unicode/List of useful symbols
• Template:Unichar
• Whitespace character
• HTML symbols
• unicode character finder — enter HTML entity reference or unicode value
• identify unicode in text string — enter character or string
• [HTML character entity reference chart — for named entities
• Ubuntu: Accessories → Character Map (also provides XML decimal entity values)

• U+0020   SPACE — {{unichar|0020|space|html=}}
• U+0020   SPACE — {{unichar|0020}}
• U+2007   FIGURE SPACE — {{unichar|2007}}

Symbol	Name	HTML	Comment
	space	 
"	double quote	"	"
,	comma	,
.	period	.
:	colon	:
;	semicolon	&#59;
[	bracket [	[
]	bracket ]	]
|	pipe	|

Unicode

Symbol	Template	HTML	Unicode	Unicode name	Comment
				U+0009	TAB, HT (neither are official)	horizontal tab, escape character \t
		
	U+000A	LINE FEED, LF (neither are official)	line feed, newline on UNIX, Linux, macOS
		 	U+0020	SPACE	{{nbsp}} for non-breaking
#	{{hash-tag}}	#	U+0023	NUMBER SIGN	use template to avoid markup interpretation
*	{{asterisk}}	&#42;	U+002A	ASTERISK	&ast; fails, use template or <nowiki> markup to avoid markup interpretation
-		&#45;	U+002D	HYPHEN-MINUS	standard ASCII hyphen
/		&#47;	U+002F	SOLIDUS	forward slash
<		&lt;	U+003C	LESS-THAN SIGN	&#60;
=		&#61;	U+003D	EQUALS SIGN
>		&gt;	U+003E	GREATER-THAN SIGN	&#62;
\		&#92;	U+005C	REVERSE SOLIDUS	back slash
`		&#96;	U+0060	GRAVE ACCENT	back tick
|	{{pipe}}	&#124;	U+007C	VERTICAL LINE	template useful in parameter values, also {{!}} as magic word
	{{nbsp}}	&nbsp;	U+00A0	NO-BREAK SPACE	&#160;
¢		&cent;	U+00A2	CENT SIGN	&162; euro cent can be: c, ¢ (less common), ct (Germany)
§		&sect;	U+00A7	SECTION SIGN	mostly for legal documents
­	{{shy}}	&shy;	U+00AD	SOFT HYPHEN	&#173; soft hyphen, only becomes visible on line wrapping, copy-paste problems
°		&deg;	U+00B0	DEGREE SIGN	&#176; also degree Celsius: 0 °C or 0&#8239;&deg;C
Ø		&Oslash;	U+00D8	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE	diameter sign
ß		&szlig;	U+00DF	LATIN LETTER SMALL SHARP S	Deutsch eszett
		&emsp;	U+2003	EM SPACE	&#8195; about four times a normal space
	{{thinsp}}	&thinsp;	U+2009	THIN SPACE	&#8201; {{space|thin}} for non-breaking
		&#8202;	U+200A	HAIR SPACE	{{space|hair}} for non-breaking, very narrow and of limited use
​		&#8203;	U+200B	ZERO-WIDTH SPACE	zero-width space, provides optional line wrapping point within a word, copy-paste problems
‑	{{nbhyph}}	&#8209;	U+2011	NON-BREAKING HYPHEN	non-breaking hyphen
–	{{ndash}}	&ndash;	U+2013	EN DASH	&8211
—	{{mdash}}	&mdash;	U+2014	EM DASH	&8218
†	{{dagger}}	&dagger;	U+2020	DAGGER	&#8224;
•		&bull;	U+2022	BULLET	&#8226;
	{{nnbsp}}	&#8239;	U+202F	NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE
€		&euro;	U+20AC	EURO SIGN	&#8364;
←		&larr;	U+2190	LEFTWARDS ARROW	&#8592;
→		&rarr;	U+2192	RIGHTWARDS ARROW	&#8594;
−		&#8722;	U+2212	MINUS SIGN	&minus;
∗		&lowast;	U+2217	ASTERISK OPERATOR	&8727; larger than the typewriter asterisk and centered
⋅		&sdot;	U+22C5	DOT OPERATOR	&8901; useful in units like 1000 TWh⋅a−1
⌀		&#8960;	U+2300	DIAMETER SIGN	diameter sign
␣		&#9251;	U+2423	OPEN BOX	&blank; doesn't work, used to indicate an explicit space character
□		&#9633;	U+25A1	WHITE SQUARE
▢		&#9634;	U+25A2	WHITE SQUARE WITH ROUNDED CORNERS
►		&#9658;	U+25BA	BLACK RIGHT-POINTING POINTER
✓		&#10003;	U+2713	CHECK MARK	tick character
✔		&#10004;	U+2714	HEAVY CHECK MARK	bold tick character
{		&lbrace;	U+007B	LEFT CURLY BRACKET	use to avoid creating template
}		&rbrace;	U+007D	RIGHT CURLY BRACKET	use to avoid creating template

Quote related

• <blockquote> — HTML markup
• Template:quote
• Template:cquote — with decorative quote marks (not usually recommended)
• Template:quote box — the |title= parameter is optional
• Template:quote frame

Quoted material.

<blockquote>
Quoted material.
</blockquote>

Quoted material.

— First M Last, "Article Title", Book title (date)

{{quote
 | text = Quoted material.
 | author = First M Last 
 | title = "Article Title" 
 | source = ''Book title'' (date)
}}

Title

The most interesting thing to me, is that it traveled. It went from New York media circle-jerk Twitter to international.

Author, Source

{{quote box
 | quote = The most interesting thing to me, is that it traveled. It went from New York media circle-jerk Twitter to international.
 | align = left
 | width = 30%
 | qalign = left
 | salign = right
 | title = Title
 | author = Author
 | source = Source
}}

Quoted material
— Author, Title

{{quote frame
 | quote = Quoted material
 | author = Author
 | title = Title
}}

Code related

• code snippets should use a {{code}} template and longer content should use <pre> or <syntaxhighlight> markup
• mediawikiwiki:Extension:SyntaxHighlight — nonstandard "HTML" tag
• mediawikiwiki:Extension:SyntaxHighlight#Supported languages — hundreds of languages and file formats supported
• scrollbars and scrolling are supported by <pre> but not <syntaxhighlight>, although the font-size attribute works in both cases
• the <source> tag is depricated

• int foo(const std::vector<long double*>& baz); — {{code | lang=cpp | int foo(const std::vector<long double*>& baz);}}

int func(int x, int y)
{
  return x;
}

• <syntaxhighlight lang="cpp" style="font-size: 90%"> ... </syntaxhighlight> (wrap at 60 chars for small screen devices)

pre very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very line

• <pre style="font-size: 90%; overflow-x:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto">

• <small style="font-size: 85%"> — {{tag|small|o|params=style="font-size: 85%"}}
• <small style="font-size: 85%">...</small> — {{tag|small|params=style="font-size: 85%"}}

Redirection related

Redirect

• Help:Redirect — create a redirect or redirection page
  • [[source]] — easy way of creating a new page
  • #REDIRECT [[target#section]] — add this line to the new page and save with commit message like "creating redirection page" — must be on line number 1 but can have trailing comments

Other

• — {{anchor|foo-bar}} and link with [[#foo-bar|foo bar]]

• "ESWC" redirects here. For the conference, see Extended Semantic Web Conference.
  — {{redirects|ESWC|the conference|Extended Semantic Web Conference}}
• Main article: Energiewende
  — {{main article|Energiewende}}
• See also: Energiewende § Status
  — {{see also|Energiewende#Status}}
• Further information: New Zealand electricity market
  — {{further|New Zealand electricity market}}
• Further information: New Zealand electricity market
  — {{further2|[[New Zealand electricity market]]}}
• For other uses, see Dena (disambiguation).
  — {{other uses|Dena (disambiguation)}}
• This page is about energy use in buildings. For the modeling of energy systems more generally, see energy modeling.
  — {{about|energy use in buildings|the modeling of energy systems more generally|energy modeling}}
• For the modeling of energy systems more generally, see energy modeling.
  — {{about||the modeling of energy systems more generally|energy modeling}}
• See also: Category:Phrases
  — {{see also cat|Phrases}}

• — {{translation/ref|de|Energieeinsparverordnung}}

Short cuts

• NH₃ — {{NH3}}
• CO₂ — {{CO2|link=yes}}
• CO₂eq — {{CO2}}eq
• CO₂eq — [[Carbon dioxide equivalent|{{CO2}}eq]]

Interlinks and embedded URLs

• Template:In title — {{in title|words|caption}} creates a link to search for page titles which contain given words
• Template:Look from — creates link to list all pages beginning with given words
• Template:URL
• Template:Share email — sophisticated mailto template
• Template:No spam — obfuscates an email address by replacing the @ sign with a graphic, defeats a search for "@" but still cut-and-pastes properly
• Template:Plain link
• Template:Wpsearch — this template should not be used in articles, including on disambiguation pages

Wikilinks and similar

• casing may be significant but underscores can be replaced by space chars

• system — [[system]]
• text — [[system|text]]

• All pages with titles containing model — {{in title|model}} (default caption used)
• All pages with titles beginning with Energy policy of — {{look from|Energy policy of}}

• endogenous — [[wiktionary:endogenous|]]
• Energiewende § Status — {{section link|Energiewende|Status}}
• § Status — {{section link|Energiewende|Status|nopage=yes}}
• § Status — {{section link||Status}} (assumes same page)
• Energiewende#Status — [[Energiewende#Status]]
• Status — [[Energiewende#Status|Status]]

• [Paris, Texas] — {{bracket|[[Paris, Texas]]}} (because triple brackets do not work)

• wiktionary:article — [[wiktionary:article]]
• article — [[wiktionary:article|]] (known as the pipe trick)
• de:Wikiwoods — [[:de:Wikiwoods]] (works for German wikipedia too)
• Wikiwoods — [[:de:Wikiwoods|]] (with pipe trick, works for German wikipedia too)
• en:Wikiwoods — [[:en:Wikiwoods]] (markup works here not suprisingly)
• Hanning Schröder (de) — [[Hanning Schröder]] ([[:de:Hanning Schröder|de]]) (quite laborious)
• Hanning Schröder — {{ill|Hanning Schröder|de}} (interlanguage link template, documentation)

• — [[de:Wikiwoods]] (no leading colon, shows up in the side bar only)

Embedded URLs

• www.iraqinquiry.org.uk — {{url|https://www.iraqinquiry.org.uk}} (without alias)
• example.com — {{url|https://www.example.com|example.com}} (with alias, best just to drop "www.")
• www.genesys.rwth-aachen.de/index.php?id=12&L=3 — {{url|1=http://www.genesys.rwth-aachen.de/index.php?id=12&L=3}} (when URL contains equals characters)
• Wikipedia — {{plain link|http://www.wikipedia.org|Wikipedia}} (no symbol follows)
• Wikipedia — [http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia] (traditional markup)

Email addresses

• — {{nospam}} (the @ sign is a graphic)
• accountexample.com — {{nospam|account|example.com}}
• {{share email | target = example@gmail.com | subject = An interesting page | contents = This Wikipedia page will interest you: {{PAGENAME}} | show = email this page | icon = true}}

{{share email
 | target = example@gmail.com
 | subject = An interesting page
 | contents = This Wikipedia page will interest you: {{PAGENAME}}
 | show = email this page
 | icon = true
}}
* {{share email | contents =}} — {{share email | contents =}} ('contents' set to nil to prevent default of page URL)
* {{share email | show =   | icon = true}} — {{share email | show =   | icon = true}} ('show' set to no-break space to prevent default hyperlink, could be considered abusive)
* {{share email | target = My%20example%20%3Cexample@gmail.com%3E}} — {{share email | target = My%20example%20%3Cexample@gmail.com%3E}} (can use the [[#URL encodings|percent-encodings]] {{code|%20}} {{code|%3C}} {{code|%3E}} in the 'target' field)

Date and time related

• Template:As of
• Template:Show by date
• Template:Date

• {{use dmy dates|{{subst:DATE}}}} — apply at start of article

• 4 August 2006 — {{date|2006-08-04}} (will still line break at day value)
• 4 August 2006 — {{date|4 August 2006}} (will still line break at day value)
• 4 August 2006 — 4{{nbsp}}August 2006 (line break at day value prevented)
• 1958‍–‍2016 — {{nbnd}} (nobreak endash)
• 17 April 1958 – 24 June 2016 — {{snd}} (spaced endash)
• 3,055 days — {{age in days|12 July 2016|show unit=full}}
• 1 January 2000 (2000-01-01) — {{start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} (df = use day first format)
• 2000 (2000) — {{start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|YYYY}} (only year specified)
• January 1, 2000 (2000-01-01) — {{start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} (default conduct, month-first format, no parentheses)
• (1952-01-22) 22 January 1952 — {{birth date and age|df=yes|1952|01|22}} (must define specific day, unlike 'start date and age')
• as of 22 November 2024 — as of {{FULLDATE|type=dmy}} (returns the full or short date at current UTC time — as set on the Wikipedia server)
• As of 2012 — {{as of|2012}}
• as of September 2012 — {{as of|lc=yes|2012|09}}
• since the beginning of 2005 — {{as of|2005|alt=since the beginning of 2005}}
• was — {{show by date|2016|11|09|is being|was}} (will be hardcoded by the AnomieBOT shortly after the specified date is reached)
• date=July 2016 — {{subst:DATE}}

Number and units related

• Template:Convert (huge number of tweaks and use cases)
• Template:Val (automatically adds a no-break space) <
• Template:Val/testcases — list of test cases and the resulting HTML
• Template:Scinote — scientific notation, including engineering notation

• 2.0 °C (35.6 °F) — {{convert|2.0|C|1}} (Celsius temperature conversion, formatting applies to conversion only)
• 2.0 °C (36 °F) — {{convert|2.0|C|sigfig=2}} (Celsius temperature conversion, formatting applies to conversion only)

• 1.5 °C — {{val|1.5|u=degC}} (Celsius)
• 1.5 °C — {{val|1.5|ul=degC}} (Celsius with wikilink on units)

• 3 μm – 2 mm — {{snd}} (spaced endash)
• 2⁠3/16⁠ — {{math|2{{sfrac|3|16}}}}
• π — {{pi}}

• 1234 — {{val|1234}} (four digits so no thin space)
• 12345 — {{val|12345}}
• −123456 — {{val|-123456}} (hyphen converted to minus sign)
• −123456 — {{val|−123456}} (minus sign can be used directly)
• +1234567 — {{val|+1,234,567}} (explicit plus sign remains, commas are legal but spaces are not)
• 5.8×10⁷ kg — {{val|5.8|e=7|u=kg}}
• 32 Gt — {{val|32|ul=Gt}} (Gt is wikilinked to tonne)
• 12345.67 TWh — {{val|12345.67|u=TWh}}
• 12,345.67890 — {{val|fmt=commas|12345.67890}}
• 10 em — {{val|10|u=[[Em (typography)|em]]}} (custom linking)
• 3.6 TB — {{val|3.6|u=[[terabyte|TB]]}} (custom linking)

• 12 £/kWh — {{val|12|u=£|up=kWh}} (the proper way of representing a fractional unit)
• 6.35 ¢/kWh — {{val|6.35|ul=¢|up=kWh}} (redirects to cent) <
• 6.35 ct/kWh — {{val|6.35|ul=ct|up=kWh}} (redirects to the CT disambiguation page)
• 6.35 c/kWh — {{val|6.35|ul=c|up=kWh}} (falsely redirects to speed of light)

• 1.2345×10^⁴ — {{scinote|12345}}
• 1.23×10^⁴ — {{scinote|12345|3}} (rounding to 3 significant figures)
• 12.345×10^³ — {{scinote|fn=eng|12345}} (engineering notation, not available in val)
• 1.234500×10^⁻³ — {{scinote|0.001234500}} (trailing zeros are preserved)

• 299792458 m/s — {{gaps|299|792|458|u=m/s}} (adds 0.25em padding as indicated and a final nbsp between the number and any unit)
• 1.602176487(40)×10^⁻¹⁹ C — {{gaps|1.602|176|487|(40)|e=-19|u=C}}

• 2,250 metres (7,380 ft) — {{convert|2250|m|ft}} (with default UK spelling, with default rounding, without abbreviations)
• 2,250 meters (7,380 ft) — {{convert|2250|m|ft|sp=us}} (with explicit US spelling, with default rounding, without abbreviations)
• 2,250 m (7,382 ft) — {{convert|2250|m|ft|0|comma=gaps|abbr=on}} (with rounding to no decimals, with abbreviations)
• 2250 m (7380 ft) — {{convert|2250|m|ft|comma=gaps|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} (with 3 significant figures, with abbreviations)
• 2250 m (7380 ft) — {{convert|2250|m|ft|comma=gaps|round=5|abbr=on}} (with rounding to 5 feet, with abbreviations)

• 7 °F (3.9 °C) — {{convert|7|F-change|C-change}} (stepwise conversion)
• 7 °F (−14 °C) — {{convert|7|F|C}} (direct conversion)

Geographic location related

• latitude and longitude
• Wikipedia:WikiProject Geographical coordinates#Precision guidelines
• text: four decimals, space before compass point
  • 52.4135 N 13.6281 E
  • 52.4135° N 13.6281° E

Wikipedia

• Template:Coord
• 52°44′50.89″N 13°35′14.43″E — {{coord|52|44|50.89|N|13|35|14.43|E}} (Wikipedia) (avoid excessive precision: 1" is <31 m)
• 54.5743°N 3.1446°E / 54.5743; 3.1446 — {{coord|54.5743|3.1446}} (avoid excessive precision (0.0001° is <11 m)
• 54.5743°S 3.1446°W / -54.5743; -3.1446 — {{coord|-54.5743|-3.1446}} (do not use + signs though)

Wikimedia Commons

• commons:Template:Location
• 54.5743°N 3.1446°E / 54.5743; 3.1446 — {{location|54.5743|3.1446|heading:90}} (in this case, on Wikipedia, 'location' is an alias for 'coord')

Maths related

• Template:Math

Currency related

• Template:Inflation
• Template:Currency
• Template:US$ — also redirects from Template:USD
• Template:Euro
• ISO 4217 — list of currency codes
• Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)#Currencies

Core currencies

Currency	Result	Markup	Nowrap	Usage	Comment
USD	US$66 billion	{{US$|66 billion}}	yes	USD with words or digits
	US$490000	{{val|490000|p=US$}}	yes	USD with spaced digits	p=prefix, cannot use l to link
	US$9,900,000	{{currency|9.9 million|code=USD|linked=no}}	not needed	USD with comma-separators	note the unlinking
EUR	€10 billion	€10{{nbsp}}billion	indirectly	EUR with words or digits	{{euro|44 billion}} can wrap but {{euro|44{{nbsp}}billion}} works
	€490000	{{val|490000|p=€}}	yes	EUR with spaced digits	p=prefix, cannot use l to link
	€9,900,000	{{currency|9.9 million|code=euro|linked=no}}	not needed	EUR with comma-separators	note the unlinking
JPY	¥39 million	{{JPY|39 million}}	yes	yen with words or digits
	¥490000	{{val|490000|p=¥}}	yes	yen with spaced digits	p=prefix, cannot use l to link
	¥9,900,000	{{currency|9.9 million|code=JPY|linked=no}}	not needed	yen with comma-separators	note the unlinking

Examples

• £260 million — £{{formatprice|{{Inflation|UK|284000|1401|r=2}}}}
• $568,527.23 — ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|284000|1985|2008|r=2}}}}
• $470,000 — ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|284000|1985|2001|r=-4}}}}

• €1,000 — {{currency|1000|code=euro}} (links the €)
• €1,000 — {{currency|1000|code=euro|linked=no}} (unlinks the €)
• £9,000,000,000 — {{currency|9.0 billion|code=gbp|linked=no}} (unlinks the £)
• €9,000,000,000 — {{currency|9 billion|code=euro}}
• ¥1,000 — {{currency|1000|code=JPY}} (useful for unusual currencies)

• US$66 billion — {{US$|66 billion}} (places construct in nowrap span)
• US$100 (equivalent to $939.08 in 2023) — {{US$|100|1966}}
• US$1,000 (equivalent to about $22,200 in 2023) — {{US$|1000|1935|round=-2|about=yes}}
• £9.0 billion — {{GBP|9.0 billion}} (places construct in nowrap span)
• ¥198 billion — {{JPY|198 billion}}
• €44 billion — {{euro|44 billion}} (does not use nowrap or nbsp) (also {{EUR}} is for the flag)

• €490000 — {{val|490000|p=€}} (places construct in a nowrap span)
• US$490000 — {{val|490000|p=US$}} (places construct in a nowrap span)
• $11/acre — {{val|11|upl=acre|p=$}} (u=unit, p=per, l=link, p=prefix)

• €10 billion — €10{{nbsp}}billion

List related

• Template:Flatlist
• Template:Hlist
• Template:Plainlist
• Template:Unbulleted list
• Template:Multi-column numbered list

basic

• item — * item
  • sub-item — ** sub-item

numbered

1. item — # item
2. item — # item
   1. sub-item — ## sub-item

dot

• layout: See also · Notes · References

— layout: See also{{dot}} Notes{{dot}} References (use as a last resort, can be used mid-sentence)

hlist

• one
• two
• three

— {{hlist|one|two|three}}

• four
• five
• six

— {{hlist|class=nowrap|four|five|six}} (adds nowrap construct to the entire list)

flatlist

• Entry
• Entry

— {{flatlist| * Entry * Entry}} (linebreaks are required)

plainlist

• Entry
• Entry

— {{plainlist| * Entry * Entry}} (linebreaks are required, this markup is preferred to <br/>, particularly in infoboxes)

unbulleted list (useful in tables) (shortens to ubl)

• Winner
• Runner-up
• Third place

— {{unbulleted list|Winner|Runner-up|Third place|item1_style=background-color:yellow|item2_style=background-color:silver}}

anchored list

1. Text.

— {{anchored list|style="padding: 0.3em" |{{anchor|1}} Text. }}

ordered list

1. entry 1
2. entry 2

— {{ordered list|entry 1|entry 2}}

col markup (note that second item is on right of page)

• item
• item

— {{colbegin|colwidth=30em}} * item * item {{colend}} (linebreaks are required)

semicolon/colon construct

Bold

Text.

— ;Bold: Text.

See also markup

• this markup is better than one long flowed column interspersed with tags

'''Some topic'''

{{colbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[:Category:Energy policy by country]]
* ...
{{colend}}

...

Large graphics

• Template:todo — at top of article's talk page or own sandbox pages
• Template:in use — request a voluntary page lock
• Template:Stale — and related boxes for graffiti-ing discussions

Todo

— {{todo}}

Section information

— {{confusing|section|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{copy edit section|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{expand section|proper text and additional citations|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{one source|section|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{split section|Proposed article|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{update section|{{subst:DATE}}}}

Article information

— {{primary sources|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{page numbers needed|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{update|{{subst:DATE}}}} (this template detects the namespace and adjusts accordingly)

— {{bareURL|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{missing information|the clear definition of the energy conversion efficiency for light sources|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{lacking ISBN|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{citations broken|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{no footnotes|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{more footnotes|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{no references|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{refimprove|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{split section |Title to which to split |discuss={{TALKPAGENAME}}#Split proposed |{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{cleanup-reorganize|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{expert needed| energy economics| reason= There has been much poorly sourced, or unsourced material recently added to the article.|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{uncategorized|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{external links|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{confusing|reason=the furtlewangler is referred to in the plural but the diagram shows only one|{{subst:DATE}}}}

— {{multiple issues|{{context|{{subst:DATE}}}} {{lead too short|{{subst:DATE}}}} {{technical|date=July 2015}} {{tone|{{subst:DATE}}}}}}

Miscellaneous

Insert text here. — <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=|link=]]</div> Insert text here.

Text. — [[File:Red question icon with gradient background.svg|20px|link=]] Text.

Small graphics

• Template:Done/See also (lots of small graphics)

• Work in progress; comments welcome
  — {{WQA in progress}} (read template documentation before use)
• Comment: This term does seem to be coming into use. — {{AFC comment|1=This term does seem to be coming into use.}}
• ✓ Pass — {{pass}}
• ✗ Fail — {{fail}}
•  Fixed — {{fixed}}
•  Done — {{done}}
•  Not done — {{not done}}
•  Partly done — {{partly done}}
•  Custom message — {{partly done|Custom message}}
•  Doing... — {{doing}}
• Sent — {{sent}}
• Y — {{aye}}
• Y — {{tick}}
• N — {{nay}}
• N — {{cross}}

• Resolved
  — {{resolved}}
• Not done for now. — [[File:Red information icon with gradient background.svg|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Not done for now'''.

• → — {{arrow}}
• Alt+P — {{key press|Alt|P}}

• — <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;">[[File:Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg|9px|link=Open access|open access publication - free to read]]</span> (code from the {{open access}} template)

Images

• Template:Gallery
• Help:Gallery tag

Placeholder image

• [[File:Image.png | thumb | Placeholder image]]
• [[File:Image.png | thumb | upright = 0.3 | left | Some caption]] (not invoked)

File:Image.png

• [[:File:Image.png]] (cannot use additional arguments)

Galleries

• <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"></gallery>
• packed example: Hurricane Matthew#U.S. Photos

Deutsch

• [[Datei:xxx.jpg | mini | hochkant | Beschreibung]] (hochkant = upright)

Talk pages related

Any mention of a user on a page will result in a notification. This is based on the transposed text and not on the template itself. See:

• mw:Manual:Echo — rules for generating a user notification from a talk page or similar

• Template:User — user
• Template:User link — u (works well)
• Template:Reply to — ping
• Template:Talk quotation — talk quote (for quoting on talk pages)

• {{reflist-talk|2}} — two column variant

• RobbieIanMorrison (talk · contribs) — {{user|RobbieIanMorrison}}
• RobbieIanMorrison — {{u|RobbieIanMorrison}} (in full {{user link}})
• @RobbieIanMorrison: — {{ping|RobbieIanMorrison}} (add multiple users using pipes)

• Quoted text.

  — {{talk quote|Quoted text.}}

• Quoted text.

  — {{talk quote|italic=yes|Quoted text.}}
• {{URL}} — {{tl|URL}} (template link)
• Category:Africa — {{cl|Africa}} (category link)
• |name= — {{para|name}}
• |name=value — {{para|name|{{var|value}}}} (see {{para}} documentation for more information)
• {{name|parameter}} — {{tnull|name|parameter} (not wikilinked)
• ssh hostname — {{kbd|ssh {{var|hostname}}}} (keyboard input, adds <kbd> tags)
• % — {{samp|%}} (sample output, adds <samp> tags)

— {{unindent}}

FAQ related

Q1: Why is there an empty |publisher=?

A1: There isn't any reliable way to parse that field, and an empty one is intentionally left when |work= cannot be parsed. Please fill it in manually.

{{FAQ row
|q=Q1: Why is there an empty {{para|publisher}}?
|a=A1: There isn't any reliable way to parse that field, and an empty one is intentionally left when {{para|work}} cannot be parsed. Please fill it in manually.
}}

Review related

• Comment: Some comment. — {{AFC comment|1=Some comment.}} (can use list markup too)

Collapsing content

• normally not recommended in article space
• Help:Collapsing#Collapsing tables by default
• User:RobbieIanMorrison/sandbox/table
• Template:Collapse — supplies {{collapse}}, see also {{collapse top}} and {{collapse bottom}}

Optional custom heading
Discussion text to be put into box.

{{collapse|float=none|width=30em|2=Optional custom heading|1=Discussion text to be put into box.}}

HTML markup

• <br/> automatically converted to <br /> by the MediaWiki software
• <wbr> means that the browser may insert a line break as it sees fit (see also zero-width space and soft hyphen HTML markup)
• RGB coding for text — <font color='#888888'>RGB coding for text</font> (see also {{grey}})
• Typo to be corrected — <span style="color: red; text-decoration: line-through">Typo to be corrected</span>
• Quoted text — <span style="color: seagreen">Quoted text</span>
• strike out — <s>strike out</s> (for content that is no longer accurate or relevant)
• no wrap text — <span style="white-space: nowrap">no wrap text</span>
• and highlight me — and <span style="background-color: khaki; padding-left: 0.3em; padding-right: 0.3em">highlight</span> me
• and  highlight  me — <span style="background-color: beige">&thinsp;highlight&thinsp;</span>
• one two three — one <mark>two</mark> three (HTML 5)

Monospace font

• a work-around for broken specification
• note also {{mono}}
• default — <span style="font-family: monospace">default</span> (default behavior)
• fixed — <span style="font-family: monospace, monospace">fixed</span> (work-around) (font-size: 1em omitted)
• typewriter — <tt>typewriter</tt> (default behavior)
• code — <code>code</code> (default behavior)

Preformatted copy

• see also {{pre2}} and {{pre2|scroll|text}}
• the horizontal scrollbar does not work with the <syntaxhighlight> tag while the font-size property does

Small preformatted example

<pre style="font-size: 90%">Small preformatted example</pre>

Wide preformatted example xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx

<pre style="font-size: 90%; overflow-x:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto">Wide preformatted example</pre> (with horizontal scrollbar if lines are long)

Hanging references

• should normally use CSS classes

Paragraph style

• buggy in email

<p style="padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em; padding-right: 50%">Hanging reference.</p>

Hanging reference.

Division style

• works well

<div style="padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em; padding-right: 60%">
<p>First (0000). "Title title". <i>Journal</i>. <b>10</b> (10): 00–00. doi:<a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.123">10.1016/j.enpol.123</a>.</p>
<p>Second (0000). <i>Title title</i>. Location: Publisher. ISBN 978-0-19-851747-4.</p>
</div>

First (0000). "Title title". Journal. 10 (10): 00–00. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.037.

Second (0000). Title title. Location: Publisher. ISBN 978-0-19-851747-4.

Definition lists

• the normal font-style span may not be necessary in some environments

<dl>
<dt><span style="font-style: normal">Definition lists</span></dt>
<dd>
  <p>First paragraph.</p>
  <p>Next paragraph.</p>
</dd>
</dl>

Definition lists

First paragraph.

Next paragraph.

HTML symbols

• mw:Help:Formatting#Inserting symbols

HTML symbol entities
Á	á	Â	â	´	Æ	æ	À	à	ℵ	Α	α	&	∧	∠	Å	å	≈	Ã	ã	Ä	ä	„	Β	β	¦	•	∩	Ç	ç	¸	¢
Χ	χ	ˆ	♣	≅	©	↵	∪	¤	†	‡	↓	⇓	°	Δ	δ	♦	÷	É	é	Ê	ê	È	è	∅			Ε	ε	≡	Η	η
Ð	ð	Ë	ë	€	∃	ƒ	∀	½	¼	¾	⁄	Γ	γ	≥	>	↔	⇔	♥	…	Í	í	Î	î	¡	Ì	ì	ℑ	∞	∫	Ι	ι
¿	∈	Ï	ï	Κ	κ	Λ	λ	⟨	«	←	⇐	⌈	“	≤	⌊	∗	◊	‎	‹	‘	<	¯	—	µ	·	−	Μ	μ	∇		–
≠	∋	¬	∉	⊄	Ñ	ñ	Ν	ν	Ó	ó	Ô	ô	Œ	œ	Ò	ò	‾	Ω	ω	Ο	ο	⊕	∨	ª	º	Ø	ø	Õ	õ	⊗	Ö
ö	¶	∂	‰	⊥	Φ	φ	Π	π	ϖ	±	£	′	″	∏	∝	Ψ	ψ	"	√	⟩	»	→	⇒	⌉	”	ℜ	®	⌋	Ρ	ρ	‏
›	’	‚	Š	š	⋅	§	­	Σ	σ	ς	∼	♠	⊂	⊆	∑	⊃	¹	²	³	⊇	ß	Τ	τ	∴	Θ	θ	ϑ		Þ	þ	˜
×	™	Ú	ú	↑	⇑	Û	û	Ù	ù	¨	ϒ	Υ	υ	Ü	ü	℘	Ξ	ξ	Ý	ý	¥	ÿ	Ÿ	Ζ	ζ	‍	‌

CSS inline styles

• CSS reference

CSS inline styles

Attribute	Values	Representative markup	Example	Note
Color
color	seagreen	<span style="color: seagreen">	seagreen
background-color	khaki beige gainsboro	<span style="background-color: gainsboro">	gainsboro
Font
font-family	monospace sans-serif	<span style="font-family: sans-serif">	sans-serif
font-size	small medium large smaller larger length percentage	<span style="font-size: 70%">	small
font-variant	normal small-caps	<span style="font-variant: small-caps">	Small Caps
font-weight	normal bold bolder	<span style="font-weight: bold">	bold	1
Text
text-align	left right center justify	<span style="text-align: right">	align right
text-decoration	none underline line-through	<span style = "text-decoration: underline">	underline
text-style	normal italic	<span style="text-style: italic">	italic
text-transform	none capitalize uppercase lowercase	<span style="text-transform: uppercase">	abcdef
Other
letter-spacing	length percentage	<div style="letter-spacing: 0.5em">	spaced
word-spacing	length percentage	<div style="word-spacing: 0.7em">	spaced out
overflow	visible scroll auto	<div style="overflow: auto">	overflow	2
white-space	normal nowrap pre	<span style="white-space: nowrap">	no wrap
width	auto length percentage	<div style="width: 50%">

1. font-weight can be set to 1em
2. see here for details, does not work with <syntaxhighlight>
3. common length units:   px  · mm  · em

Code template

• Template:Code — among other uses, shows emitted HTML for enclosed templates

The underlying citation produces:

"Some title".

The executed code produces:

'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000233-QINU`"'<cite class="citation news cs1">[http://example.org "Some title"].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Some+title&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexample.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUser%3ARobbieIanMorrison%2Fsandbox%2Fmarkup" class="Z3988"></span>

The above output is URL-decoded and reformatted for clarity:

<cite class="citation news">
  [http://example.org "Some title"].
</cite>
<span
  title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004
    &rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:User:RobbieIanMorrison/sandbox/markup
    &rft.atitle=Some+title
    &rft.genre=article
    &rft_id=http://example.org
    &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal"
  class="Z3988">
  <span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span>
</span>

The raw code is:

{{code|
{{cite news
 | title = Some title
 | url = http://example.org
}}
}}

Table of contents

• commons:Help:Magic words

• __FORCETOC__ — forces TOC to appear in its normal position
• __TOC__ — forces TOC to appear where stated
• __NOTOC__ — suppresses TOC

Timestamps

Wikimedia Commons notes: Due to MediaWiki and browser caching, these (uppercase) variables frequently show when the page was cached rather than the current time.

Static (frozen on first save)

• 08:20, 30 September 2016 (UTC) — ~~~~~ (5 tildes)

Dynamic (may or may not update on page load or refresh, thus should be considered unreliable as a clock)

• The current date and time is 22 November 2024 T 12:07 UTC. — {{now}}
• 12:07, Friday, November 22, 2024 (UTC) — {{currentdate}}

Friday 22 November 2024 12:07 UTC

This was the UTC time when this page was last refreshed by Wikipedia

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0.5em auto"
| '''{{CURRENTDAYNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} {{CURRENTTIME}} UTC'''
|-
| {{small|This was the UTC time when this page was last refreshed by Wikipedia}}
|}

URL encodings

• Percent-encoding § Percent-encoding reserved characters
• Percent-encoding § Character data
• unencode.py — my script, which also processes and tests google URLs
• URL encode/decode website 1
• URL encode/decode website 2

Reserved characters after percent-encoding

!

#

$

&

'

(

)

*

+

,

/

:

;

=

?

@

[

]

%21

%23

%24

%26

%27

%28

%29

%2A

%2B

%2C

%2F

%3A

%3B

%3D

%3F

%40

%5B

%5D

Common characters after percent-encoding (ASCII or UTF-8 based)

newline

space

"

%

-

.

<

>

\

^

_

`

{

|

}

~

%0A or %0D or %0D%0A

%20

%22

%25

%2D

%2E

%3C

%3E

%5C

%5E

%5F

%60

%7B

%7C

%7D

%7E

Markup hacks

• small vertical space: {{nbsp}}

Infobox templates

Infobox organization

• Template:Infobox organization

{{Infobox organization
| name                = <!-- defaults to {{PAGENAME}} if not provided -->
| native_name         = <!-- organization's name in its local language -->
| native_name_lang    = <!-- ISO code of the above language -->
| named_after         = 
| image               = 
| image_size          = 
| alt                 = <!-- see [[WP:ALT]] -->
| caption             = 
| logo                = 
| logo_size           = 
| logo_alt            = 
| logo_caption        = 
| map                 = <!-- map image -->
| map_size            = <!-- defaults to 250px -->
| map_alt             = 
| map_caption         = 
| map2                = <!-- second map image, if required -->
| map2_size           = 
| map2_alt            = 
| map2_caption        = 
| abbreviation        = 
| motto               = 
| predecessor         = 
| merged              = <!-- any other organizations with which the organization was merged -->
| successor           = 
| formation           = <!-- or | established = --> <!--can use {{start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| founder             = <!-- or | founders = -->
| founding_location   = 
| extinction          = <!-- or: | dissolved = --> <!--can use {{end date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| merger              = <!-- other organizations (if any) merged to constitute the organization -->
| type                = <!-- can use [[Governmental organization]], [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]], etc -->
| status              = <!-- organization's legal status and/or description: company, charity, foundation, etc -->
| purpose             = <!-- or | focus = --> <!--Humanitarian, Activism, Peacekeeping, etc -->
| professional_title  = <!-- for professional associations -->
| headquarters        = 
| location            = 
| coords              = <!-- location's {{coord}}s -->
| region              = <!-- or | region_served = --> <!--any particular region or regions associated with or served by the organization -->
| services            = 
| membership          = <!-- usually the number of members -->
| membership_year     = <!-- year to which membership number/data apply -->
| language            = <!-- or | languages = --> <!--any official language or languages used by the organization -->
| sec_gen             = <!-- name of the organization's Secretary General (if post exists) -->
| leader_title        = <!-- defaults to "Leader" -->
| leader_name         = 
| leader_title2       = 
| leader_name2        = 
| leader_title3       = 
| leader_name3        = 
| leader_title4       = 
| leader_name4        = 
| board_of_directors  = 
| key_people          = 
| main_organ          = <!-- or | publication = --> <!-- organization's principal body (assembly, committee, board, etc) or publication -->
| parent_organization = <!-- or | parent_organisation = -->
| subsidiaries        = 
| secessions          = 
| affiliations        = 
| budget              = 
| budget_year         = 
| staff               = <!-- numbers and/or types of staff -->
| staff_year          = <!-- year to which staff numbers/data apply -->
| volunteers          = <!-- numbers and/or types of volunteers -->
| volunteers_year     = <!-- year to which volunteer numbers/data apply -->
| slogan              = <!-- in quote marks/inverted commas -->
| website             = <!-- {{url|example.com}} -->
| remarks             = 
| formerly            = <!-- any former names by which the organization known -->
| footnotes           = 
}}

Infobox person

• Template:Infobox person
• see Template:Infobox economist
• see Infobox scientist

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix   = 
| name               = <!-- include middle initial, if not specified in birth_name -->
| honorific_suffix   = 
| image              = <!-- filename only and no "File:" or "Image:" prefix and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| image_upright      = 
| image_size         = <!-- DISCOURAGED per [[WP:IMGSIZE]], use image_upright -->
| alt                = 
| caption            = 
| native_name        = 
| native_name_lang   = 
| pronunciation      = 
| birth_name         = <!-- only use if different from name above -->
| birth_date         = <!-- {{birth date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]] / for people who have died, use {{birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| birth_place        = 
| baptised           = <!-- will not display if birth_date is entered -->
| disappeared_date   = <!-- {{disappeared date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} disappeared date then birth date -->
| disappeared_place  = 
| disappeared_status = 
| death_date         = <!-- {{death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} death date then birth date -->
| death_place        = 
| death_cause        = 
| body_discovered    = 
| resting_place      = 
| resting_place_coordinates =  <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
| burial_place       = <!-- may be used instead of resting_place and resting_place_coordinates, displays "Burial place" as label -->
| burial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
| monuments          = 
| residence          = 
| nationality        = 
| other_names        = 
| ethnicity          = 
| citizenship        = 
| education          = 
| alma_mater         = 
| occupation         = 
| years_active       = 
| era                = 
| employer           = 
| organization       = 
| agent              = <!-- discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source -->
| known_for          = 
| notable_works      = <!-- produces label "Notable work", may be overridden by |credits= which produces label "Notable credit(s)", or by |works= which produces label "Works" -->
| style              = 
| home_town          = 
| salary             = 
| net_worth          = <!-- net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
| height             = <!-- "X cm", "X m"  or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) -->
| weight             = <!-- "X kg", "X lb" or "X st Y lb" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) -->
| television         = 
| title              = 
| term               = 
| predecessor        = 
| successor          = 
| party              = 
| movement           = 
| opponents          = 
| boards             = 
| religion           = <!-- religion should be supported with a citation from a reliable source, do not add a religious denomination here -->
| denomination       = <!-- denomination should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
| criminal_charge    = <!-- criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources -->
| criminal_penalty   = 
| criminal_status    = 
| spouse             = <!-- use article title or common name -->
| partner            = <!-- unmarried long-term partner -->
| children           = 
| parents            = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters -->
| mother             = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter, displays "Parent(s)" as label -->
| father             = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter, displays "Parent(s)" as label -->
| relatives          = 
| family             = 
| callsign           = 
| awards             = 
| website            = <!-- {{url|example.com}} -->
| module             = 
| module2            = 
| module3            = 
| module4            = 
| module5            = 
| module6            = 
| signature          = 
| signature_size     = 
| signature_alt      = 
| footnotes          = 
}}

Infobox scientist

• Template:Infobox scientist

{{Infobox scientist
| honorific_prefix          = 
| name                      = 
| honorific_suffix          = 
| native_name               = 
| native_name_lang          = 
| image                     = <!-- filename only and without "File:" prefix -->
| image_size                = 
| alt                       = <!-- see [[WP:ALT]] -->
| caption                   = 
| birth_date                = <!-- {{birth date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| birth_place               = 
| death_date                = <!-- {{death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} death date then birth date -->
| death_place               = 
| death_cause               = 
| resting_place             = 
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} -->
| other_names               = 
| residence                 = 
| citizenship               = 
| nationality               = 
| fields                    = 
| workplaces                = 
| patrons                   = 
| education                 = 
| alma_mater                = 
| thesis_title              = <!-- or | thesis1_title = and | thesis2_title = -->
| thesis_url                = <!-- or | thesis1_url = and | thesis2_url = -->
| thesis_year               = <!-- or | thesis1_year = and | thesis2_year = -->
| doctoral_advisor          = <!-- or | doctoral_advisors = -->
| academic_advisors         = 
| doctoral_students         = 
| notable_students          = 
| known_for                 = {{plainlist|
* To fix
}}
| influences                = 
| influenced                = 
| awards                    = 
| author_abbrev_bot         = 
| author_abbrev_zoo         = 
| spouse                    = <!-- or | spouses = -->
| partner                   = <!-- or | partners = -->
| children                  = 
| signature                 = <!-- filename only -->
| signature_alt             = 
| website                   = <!-- {{url|www.example.com}} -->
| footnotes                 = 
}}

Infobox software

• Template:Infobox software

{{infobox software
| name                   = 
| logo                   = <!-- image name is sufficient -->
| logo alt               = 
| logo caption           = 
| screenshot             = <!-- image name is sufficient -->
| screenshot alt         = 
| caption                = 
| collapsible            = <!-- any text here will collapse the screenshot -->
| author                 = 
| developer              = 
| released               = <!-- {{release date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| discontinued           = <!-- set to yes if software is discontinued, otherwise omit -->
| ver layout             = <!-- simple (default) or stacked -->
| latest release version =
| latest release date    = <!-- {{release date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date    = <!-- {{release date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| status                 = 
| programming language   = 
| operating system       = 
| platform               = 
| size                   = 
| language               = 
| language count         = <!-- number only -->
| language footnote      = 
| genre                  = 
| license                = 
| alexa                  = 
| website                = <!-- {{url|example.org}} -->
| repo                   = <!-- {{url|example.org}} -->
| standard               = 
| AsOf                   = 
}}

Cite templates

• Wikipedia:Citing sources
• general fields and special values

 | date = c. 2000                <!-- circa -->
 | date = n.d.                   <!-- undated -->
 | display-authors = etal
 | url-access = subscription
 | language = German, English    <!-- dual language -->
 | df = dmy                      <!-- set publication dates to day month year format: access- and archive-dates are not modified -->
 | df = dmy-all                  <!-- set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format -->

Cite book

• Template:Cite book
• common fields only

<ref name="">
{{cite book
 | last1 =  | first1 = 
 | author-link1 = 
 | display-authors = <!-- etal -->
 | title = 
 | trans-title = 
 | language = German
 | edition =         <!-- 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th -->
 | date = 
 | publisher = 
 | location = 
 | format =          <!-- DOC, DOCX, XLS, XLSX -->
 | asin = 
 | bibcode = 
 | doi = 
 | isbn = 
 | url = 
 | dead-url = 
 | access-date = 
 | quote = 
}}
</ref>

Cite chapter

• Template:Cite book
• common fields only

<ref name="">
{{cite book
 | last1 =  | first1 = 
 | author-link1 = 
 | display-authors = <!-- etal -->
 | editor-last1 =  | editor-first1 = 
 | editor-link1 = 
 | display-editors = <!-- etal -->
 | title = 
 | trans-title = 
 | language = German
 | date = 
 | chapter =         <!-- Chapter 0: Title -->
 | pages =           <!-- only for chapters -->
 | publisher = 
 | location = 
 | asin = 
 | bibcode = 
 | doi = 
 | isbn = 
 | url = 
 | chapter-url = 
 | dead-url = 
 | access-date = 
 | quote = 
}}
</ref>

Cite conference

• Template:Cite conference
• all fields

<ref name="">
{{cite conference
 | last1 =  | first1 = 
 | author-link1 = 
 | title = 
 | date = 
 | conference = 
 | conference-url = 
 | editor = 
 | others = 
 | volume = 
 | edition = 
 | book-title = 
 | publisher = 
 | location = 
 | pages = 
 | archive-url = 
 | archive-date = 
 | format = 
 | id = 
 | isbn = 
 | bibcode = 
 | oclc = 
 | doi = 
 | quote = 
 | ref = 
 | postscript = 
 | trans-title = 
 | language = German
 | at = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
}}
</ref>

Cite journal

• Template:Cite journal
• common fields only

<ref name="">
{{cite journal
 | last1 =  | first1 = 
 | author-link1 = 
 | title = 
 | date = 
 | journal = 
 | publisher =       <!-- not often used -->
 | volume = 
 | issue = 
 | pages = 
 | bibcode = 
 | arxiv = 
 | doi = 
 | issn = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
}}
</ref>

Cite arXiv

• Template:Cite arXiv
• arXiv preprint repository
• common fields only
• arxiv and eprint are synonyms

<ref name="">
{{cite arxiv
 | last1 =  | first1 = 
 | title = 
 | date =            <!-- use n.d. for no date and c. for inexact date -->
 | arxiv =           <!-- arXiv identifier which may include version number / 0000.0000[v0] -->
 | class =           <!-- optional post-2017 arXiv classification like 'hep-th' or field.subfield -->
}}
</ref>

Cite news

• Template:Cite news
• simplified for web-based news

<ref name="">
{{cite news
 | last =  | first = 
 | title = 
 | date = 
 | work = 
 | location = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
}}
</ref>

Cite web

• Template:Cite web
• simplified form

<ref name="">
{{cite web
 | last =  | first = 
 | title = 
 | date = 
 | work = 
 | publisher =       <!-- if differs from website -->
 | location = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
}}
</ref>

Cite AV media

• Template:Cite av media
• simplified form

<ref name="">
{{cite AV media
 | last =  | first =    <!-- nonstandard field -->
 | people = 
 | title = 
 | trans-title = 
 | language = 
 | date = 
 | orig-year =          <!-- first published 0000 -->
 | publisher = 
 | location = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
 | type =               <!-- motion picture, television production, videotape, DVD, trailer, video game, CD, radio broadcast, podcast -->
 | format =             <!-- MP4, MKS -->
 | time =               <!-- time the event occurs in the source, preceded by default text "Event occurs at time" -->
}}
</ref>

Cite press release

• Template:Cite press release
• two variants
• agency: the news agency (wire service) that provided the content: Associated Press (AP), Reuters, Agence France-Presse (AFP), Deutsche Presse-Agentur (dpa)

<ref name="">
{{cite press release
 | last =  | first = 
 | title = 
 | date = 
 | publisher = 
 | location = 
 | agency = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
}}
</ref>

<ref name="">
{{cite press release
 | author =          <!-- staff writer, no by-line -->
 | title = 
 | date = 
 | publisher = 
 | location = 
 | agency = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
}}
</ref>

Cite thesis

• Template:Cite thesis
• common fields only

<ref name="">
{{cite thesis
 | last =  | first = 
 | title = 
 | trans-title = 
 | language = German
 | type =            <!-- PhD, MSc, default is Thesis -->
 | date = 
 | chapter = 
 | publisher =       <!-- publishing house, else university name -->
 | location = 
 | doi = 
 | oclc = 
 | isbn = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
 | quote = 
}}
</ref>

Cite newsgroup

• Template:Cite newsgroup
• common fields only

<ref name="">
{{cite newsgroup
 | first =  | last = 
 | title = 
 | date = 
 | newsgroup = 
 | message-id =      <!-- from email header, omit < and > and must contain an @ -->
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
 | quote = 
}}
</ref>

Cite mailing list

• Template:Cite mailing list
• common fields only

<ref name="">
{{cite mailing list
 | last =  | first = 
 | title = 
 | date = 
 | mailing-list = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
 | quote = 
}}
</ref>

Cite court

• Template:Cite court
• see also Template:Cite German law
• see also Template:Cite legislation UK

<ref name="">
{{cite court
 | litigants =
 | vol =
 | reporter =
 | opinion =
 | pinpoint =
 | court =
 | date =
 | url =
 | access-date =
 | quote =
}}
</ref>

Buch

• de:Vorlage:Literatur
• book
• Kurzversion

{{Literatur | Autor = | Titel = | Auflage = | Verlag = | Ort = | Jahr = | ISBN = }}

Zeitschriftenaufsatz

• de:Vorlage:Literatur
• journal article
• Kurzversion

{{Literatur | Autor = | Titel = | Sammelwerk = | Band = | Nummer = | Jahr = | Seiten = | DOI = }}

Article requests

• Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request — requests for access to paywalled journals
• User:RobbieIanMorrison/sandbox#Open queries

Article request from ''Journal'' — a Publisher journal

Item being requested:

* {{cite journal
...
}}

The following articles are being improved:

* [[Energy modeling]]
* [[Draft:Open energy system models]]

Many thanks in advance.  ~~~~