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The Dictator (2012 film)

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The Dictator
Theatrical release poster
Directed byLarry Charles
Written by
Produced by
  • Sacha Baron Cohen
  • Alec Berg
  • Anthony Hines
  • David Mandel
  • Scott Rudin
  • Jeff Schaffer
  • Todd Schulman
Starring
CinematographyLawrence Sher
Edited by
Music byErran Baron Cohen
Production
company
Four By Two Films
Distributed byParamount Pictures
Release date
  • May 16, 2012 (2012-05-16)[1]
Running time
83 minutes[2]
Countries
  • United Kingdom
  • United States[3]
Languages
  • English
  • Hebrew
  • Arabic
Budget$65–100 million[4][5]
Box office$179.4 million[4]

The Dictator is a 2012 political satire black comedy film co-written by and starring Sacha Baron Cohen as his fourth feature film in a leading role. The film was directed by Larry Charles, who also directed Baron Cohen's mockumentaries Borat and Brüno. Baron Cohen, in the role of Admiral General Aladeen, the dictator of the fictional Republic of Wadiya visiting the United States, stars alongside Anna Faris, Ben Kingsley, and Jason Mantzoukas with uncredited appearances by John C. Reilly and Garry Shandling.

Producers Jeff Schaffer and David Mandel said that Baron Cohen's character was inspired by real-life dictators with personality cults like Kim Jong Il, Idi Amin, Muammar Gaddafi, Jean-Bédel Bokassa, Mobutu Sese Seko, and Saparmurat Niyazov.[6] The film's opening credits sarcastically dedicate it "in loving memory" to Kim Jong Il, who died in 2011. It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $179 million.

Plot

[edit]
The flag of Wadiya, the setting of the film

For years, the fictional East African republic of Wadiya (shown in the map as coterminous with the boundaries of real-life Eritrea) has been ruled by ruthless dictator Omar Aladeen, and later succeeded by his son Admiral-General Haffaz Aladeen, a childish, sexist, anti-Western, and antisemitic dictator who surrounds himself with female bodyguards, sponsors terrorism (especially giving shelter to al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden after "they killed his double"), changes many words in the Wadiyan dictionary to "Aladeen", and is working on developing nuclear weapons to "destroy Israel". He also refuses to sell Wadiya's oil fields, a promise he made to his father before his death. After the United Nations Security Council resolves to intervene militarily, Aladeen travels to the UN Headquarters in New York City to address the council.

Shortly after arriving, Aladeen is kidnapped by Clayton, supposedly in charge of the security preparations but actually a hitman hired by his treacherous uncle Tamir Mafraad, whom Omar passed over as successor in favor of his son. Tamir then replaces Aladeen with a decoy; a dim-witted shepherd named Efawadh whom he intends to manipulate into signing a document nominally democratizing Wadiya while opening up the country's oil fields to foreign interests. Aladeen escapes after Clayton accidentally burns himself to death in a failed torture attempt. When his burnt corpse is discovered, Tamir thinks Aladeen has been killed. However, Aladeen, who is still alive, is practically unrecognizable as his beard has been shaved off by Clayton.

Wandering through New York City in civilian clothes, Aladeen, assuming the false identity of "Allison Burgers", encounters Zoey, a human rights activist who offers him a job at her socially progressive, alternative lifestyle co-op. Aladeen refuses the offer and encounters "Nuclear" Nadal, the former chief of Wadiya's nuclear weapons programme, whom Aladeen thought he had previously executed over an argument about the warhead's design. Aladeen follows him to New York's "Little Wadiya" district, which is populated by refugees from his own country, and meets him in "Death to Aladeen Restaurant", a restaurant run by and visited by numerous people whom Aladeen had ordered to be executed. After a failed attempt to cover up his identity, Aladeen is accused of being an "Aladeen sympathizer" by the restaurant's waiter and nearby visitors. Nadal saves Aladeen from being attacked and reveals to Aladeen that all the people he had ordered to be executed are instead sent into exile to the United States, as the executioners are actually a resistance movement. Nadal agrees to help Aladeen thwart Tamir's plot and regain his power, on condition that Aladeen makes him head of Wadiya's nuclear programme again. Aladeen agrees and accepts Zoey's job offer, as she is catering at the hotel where the signing is to occur. Aladeen grows closer to Zoey after she refuses his sexual advances and eventually falls in love with her after seeing her angry. Turning around Zoey's struggling business, Aladeen begins imposing strict schedules on everyone, forming a personality cult around Zoey and intimidating an inspector into giving the store a good review.

However, Aladeen's relationship with Zoey becomes strained after he decides to be honest with her and reveal his true self; she cannot love a man who was so brutal to his own people. After acquiring a new beard taken from a black man's corpse at his funeral, Aladeen ziplines into the hotel and tells Efawadh he has recovered; his double was fooled into thinking the Supreme Leader was ill. At the signing ceremony, he tears up Tamir's document in front of the media and holds an impassioned speech praising the virtues of dictatorship, drawing unintended parallels to current issues in the United States. However, upon seeing Zoey in the room, he declares his love for her and, knowing Zoey's strongly-held views, vows to democratize his country and open up Wadiya's oil fields for business, but in a way where the general populace will benefit. Furious with Aladeen staying in power, Tamir attempts to shoot him but Efawadh jumps in front of the bullet getting shot in the head, but survives. Tamir is arrested afterwards.

A year later, Wadiya holds its first democratic elections, although they are rigged in favor of Aladeen (who has now added the title "President-Prime Minister" to his previous Admiral-General). Afterwards, he marries Zoey, but is shocked when she breaks a glass with her foot and reveals herself to be Jewish; throughout the film he was shown vowing to destroy Israel. Scenes during the credits show Aladeen's convoy, now consisting of eco-friendly cars, Aladeen visiting a re-instated Nadal, and later Zoey revealing in a television interview that she is pregnant with the couple's first child. Aladeen responds to the news by asking if Zoey is having "a boy or an abortion".

Unrated version

[edit]

The unrated cut of The Dictator runs an additional fifteen minutes from the original 83-minute theatrical version. Much of the added material is additional sexual content and dialogue. There is a scene following Aladeen falling asleep in the back of the store where one of his bodyguards, Etra, tries to kill him by beating him with her enlarged breasts on orders by Tamir. Another added scene is Mr. Ogden, the manager of the Lancaster Hotel, talking to Zoey at The Collective and cancelling the catering contract because of Aladeen.

Cast

[edit]

Production

[edit]
The Plaza de España served as Aladeen's palace in the movie

Paramount Pictures described the film as "the heroic story of a North African dictator who risked his life to ensure that democracy would never come to the country he so lovingly oppressed."[10] Paramount said the film was inspired by the novel Zabibah and the King by Iraqi President Saddam Hussein,[11] though The New York Times later reported it is not an adaptation.[7] Kristen Wiig and Gillian Jacobs had been considered for the role that Anna Faris eventually played and which Variety said "calls for strong improvisational skills".[9] Baron Cohen, who also plays Efawadh in the film, based his performance primarily on Libya's Muammar Gaddafi.[12][13] The film is dedicated to Kim Jong-il.[14]

Morocco had been considered as a filming location.[9] Location shooting took place at the Plaza de España in Seville and on the island of Fuerteventura, Spain,[15] and in New York City from June to August 2011.[7] Baron Cohen said the United Nations refused to let him film scenes inside the UN Headquarters and claimed they explained this by saying, "we represent a lot of dictators, and they are going to be very angry by this portrayal of them, so you can't shoot in there." When asked about it, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's spokesman commented by saying only, "Sacha Baron Cohen has a wonderful sense of humor."[16] The United Nations shots were at a soundstage at Grumman Studios in Bethpage, New York.[17]

Although Aladeen is portrayed as antisemitic and wishes to destroy Israel, the "Wadiyan" language he speaks throughout the film is actually Hebrew, as Baron Cohen is himself Jewish.[18]

Marketing and publicity

[edit]
The film's showing at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival

A version of the trailer was made for a Super Bowl XLVI commercial in February 2012. Archival news footage of Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton and David Cameron in the beginning of the trailer are excerpts of their 2011 speeches condemning Colonel Gaddafi.[19]

Internet rumors claimed the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences had banned Baron Cohen from attending the 84th Academy Awards in his role as Admiral General Aladeen, but the academy said the rumors were unfounded, saying, "We haven't banned him. We're just waiting to hear what he's going to do", and specifying of the publicity stunt: "We don't think it's appropriate. But his tickets haven't been pulled. We're waiting to hear back."[20] Baron Cohen eventually appeared at the awards' red carpet with a pair of uniformed female bodyguards (resembling Gaddafi's Amazonian Guard) and wielding an urn purportedly containing the ashes of North Korean dictator Kim Jong-il, which the actor spilled onto E! host Ryan Seacrest. The ashes were later reported to be pancake mix.[21]

Baron Cohen appeared in character on the May 5, 2012, episode of Saturday Night Live during the "Weekend Update" segment, in which he appeared to torture film critics A. O. Scott and Roger Ebert to give the film positive reviews, as well as seemingly holding director Martin Scorsese hostage.[22] Baron Cohen released a video in the wake of the 2012 French presidential election, congratulating François Hollande on his victory,[23] and appeared in character with the pair of uniformed female bodyguards on the May 7, 2012 episode of The Daily Show.[24]

A publicity prank involved fake invitations that arrived at mailboxes in Washington D.C., according to which "President Robert Mugabe and the Ministry of Education, Sport, Art, and Culture invite you to the Premiere of The Dictator." The screening of the film would purportedly take place at Mugabe's palace in Zimbabwe on May 12.[25]

Music

[edit]
Main article: The Dictator (soundtrack)

The film score was composed by Erran Baron Cohen. The Dictator – Music from the Motion Picture was released on May 8, 2012, by Aladeen Records.

No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Aladeen Madafaka (The Next Episode)" (performed by Naufalle "Aiwa" Al Wahab, El Tayeb "Mr Tibbz" Ibrahim and Admiral General Aladeen)
2:43
2."Ila Nzour Nebra" (performed by Jalal Hamdaoui and Driver)
  • Jalal el Hamdaoui
  • Driver
 3:22
3."Habibi" (performed by Ali Hassan Kuban)Ali Hassan Kuban 4:21
4."Everybody Hurts" (performed by MC Rai)
5:28
5."Wahrane Wahrane" (performed by Khaled)
 4:43
6."9 to 5" (performed by Michelle J. Nasser)Dolly Parton
  • Peter Amato
  • Erran Baron Cohen
2:41
7."Goulou L'Mama" (performed by Jalal Hamdaoui and Cheb Rayan)Jalal el Hamdaoui 4:01
8."The Song of Admiral General Sargeant Aladeen" (performed by Erran Baron Cohen and Omar Fadel)
 2:56
9."Let's Get It On" (performed by Mohamed Amer)
  • Peter Amato
  • Erran Baron Cohen
1:57
10."Raoui" (performed by Souad Massi)Souad Bendjael 3:46
11."Money's on the Dresser" (performed by Erran Baron Cohen and Jules Brookes)
 2:45
12."Our Beloved Leader" (performed by The Aladeenies)  2:01
Total length:40:44

"Mundian To Bach Ke" by Panjabi MC and Jay-Z was featured in the trailers.[26] "Hey Baby (Drop It to the Floor)" by Pitbull was featured in the second trailer.

Reception

[edit]

Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 57% based on 222 reviews, and a rating average 5.90/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Wildly uneven but consistently provocative, The Dictator is a decent entry in the poli-slapstick comedy genre."[27] On Metacritic, the film was given score of 58 out of 100 based on 41 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[28] Audiences polled by CinemaScore during opening weekend gave the film an average grade of "C" on a scale ranging from A+ to F.[29]

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three stars out of a possible four, saying, "The Dictator is funny, in addition to being obscene, disgusting, scatological, vulgar, crude and so on. Having seen Sacha Baron Cohen promoting it on countless talk shows, I feared the movie would feel like déjà vu. But no. He establishes a claim to be the best comic filmmaker now working. And in a speech about dictatorships, he practices merciless political satire."[30] Slant Magazine conversely concluded, "bound to be one of the year's biggest comedy letdowns, The Dictator doesn't so much stir hot-button issues as showcase a great satirist off his game."[31] Keith Uhlich of Time Out approved, giving it four stars out of five, and calling the opening scenes in the film "a brisk, hilarious jeremiad" and its ending monologue "a rousing, uproarious climactic speech worthy of both Chaplin and Team America."[32]

Several reviews noted that the Marx Brothers' 1933 film, Duck Soup, inspired parts of Baron Cohen's 2012 film.[33] Scott Tobias of The A.V. Club noted that "Admiral General Aladeen and Rufus T. Firefly share the same bloodline, representing a more generalized contempt for world leaders of any stripe, whether they don a 'supreme beard' or a greasepaint moustache."[34] Scott Wilson of the Nashville Scene detected "an echo here of that funniest of xenophobe-baiting funnies, Duck Soup."[35] Peter Travers of the Rolling Stone claimed that Baron Cohen's film "dodges soothing convention and ultimately merits comparisons to the Marx Brothers' Duck Soup and Charlie Chaplin's The Great Dictator."[36]

The Irish Examiner wrote that “Sacha Baron Cohen atones for the sins of 'Bruno' with this gleefully bad-taste fish-out-of-water comedy, which kicks sand in the eye of political correctness” and that “no subject is off limits – the September 11 attacks, rape, sexual equality, Judaism – and Larry Charles's film tramples merrily over social taboos, hitting more targets than it misses as the titular despot runs amok in the capitalist playground of New York City.“[37]

The Times argued that “with The Dictator, Sacha Baron Cohen makes a radical break with the comedic style of his past films. Gone is the con-man comedian, fooling celebrities and the public with fictional characters. Gone, too, is the mockumentary style that he and his director on Borat, Bruno and now this film, Larry Charles, made their own. The Dictator is the kind of conventional feature that Peter Sellers, Tony Hancock or even Mike Myers could have made.” The publication also claimed that “it's likely to offend prudes of both the sexually and politically correct persuasions.”[38]

The Washington Post wrote that “Cohen has thankfully dispensed with ambushing real-life people for squirm-inducing interviews. But an early stunt involving a Wii game based on the 1972 Munich Olympics falls flatter than a stale matzo, a running gag about Hollywood stars selling sexual favors quickly loses steam and it can be stipulated that rape jokes simply aren't funny.”[39]

Controversies

[edit]

The film is banned in several member-countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), in particular nations with real-life leaders commonly described as dictators. In Belarus, there is said to be an informal ban on showing the film,[40][41] but state officials denied this referring to a shortage of cinemas equipped to show the film, which was distributed exclusively in digital format.[42] Authorities in Tajikistan concluded The Dictator was incompatible with the nation's "mentality".[43] As for other states, the film was described as "unlikely" to be shown in Turkmenistan,[44] shortened to 71 minutes by the censorship in Uzbekistan,[45] and banned from screens two weeks after its premiere in Kazakhstan.[46]

Outside of the CIS, only the censored version of the film was released in Pakistan, and the film was reportedly blocked from cinemas in Malaysia.[47] In Italy, the reference to the "Italian Prime Minister" in the scene with Megan Fox was substituted by a generic "politician" to avoid reference to the then-president of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Republic, Silvio Berlusconi.[48][better source needed]

Alleged Islamophobia, anti-Arabism

[edit]

The film has been described by some critics as being Islamophobic, particularly noting the pronounced stereotype of Middle Eastern dictators, who are mostly Muslims.[49] It is also reported to negatively portray stereotypical views about Arabs through visual symbols and attributes within characters and settings. Aladeen himself portrays a stereotypical Muslim Arab ruler identity; his iconic beard and traditional Middle Eastern traits are things that allow audiences to link his character to Arabs and Muslims. This is considered controversial because of the connection between Aladeen and bin Laden throughout the film, where both visual and auditory components suggest that there is a close friendship between the two.[50] However, the controversial stance and negative depiction of bin Laden further reinforces the idea that Arab dictators are terrorists and "barbaric". The film further allows for the generic and stereotypical ideas of Muslims and Arabs as backwards, which can be seen through the visual comparisons between the West and the East. For instance, during Aladeen's visit to New York, he and his men arrive riding camels, whereas the background of the city depict cars and other modern modes of transportation.[50] Furthermore, another misleading portrayal of Arabs is demonstrated through Aladeen's hyper-sexuality, particularly the scenes where he is surrounded by his "harem", multiple women engaging intimately, which supports stereotypical exotic images of Arab women.[51]

Orientalists' view of the "other" can also be seen in the exterior portrayal of Wadiya, where visual elements portray Arab countries as backwards. Wadiya encompasses a variety of unique qualities found in Arab regions; for example, it is set in a desert climate and, more prevalent, its architectural design is heavily inspired by Ottoman and Islamic motif. The visual cues direct audiences to associate "barbaric" dictators to Arab and Muslim countries that resemble Wadiya.[51]

Wadiya's flag is also said to resemble the flag of Iraq due to both flags having similar lettering, which suggests that these depictions of Wadiya as "the Orient", an inferior nation to those of the "West", further exemplifies how Hollywood and Western media view and represent the East, especially when there is a political agenda at play. This is also reflected through Aladeen's intention of developing nuclear weapons to use against Western nations and Israel, further demonizing Arab nations.[51]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Kaufman, Amy (April 9, 2012). "The Dictator moves off Dark Shadows release date". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 7, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
  2. ^ "The Dictator (15)". British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved December 15, 2023.
  3. ^ Buchanan, Jason. "The Dictator". AllRovi. Archived from the original on February 5, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
  4. ^ a b "The Dictator". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on August 5, 2012. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
  5. ^ Masters, Kim (May 23, 2012). "'Battleship' Fallout: Lessons From a Box Office Sinking (Analysis)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on January 28, 2013. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
  6. ^ Stuart Jeffries, The Dictator: are we right to laugh? Archived February 21, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Guardian (May 15, 2012).
  7. ^ a b c Lim, Dennis (May 3, 2012). "Comic Guerrilla Tries Sticking With the Script". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved May 7, 2012.
  8. ^ a b c "The Dictator (2012): Acting Credits". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. 2013. Archived from the original on May 15, 2013.
  9. ^ a b c Sneider, Jeff (April 28, 2011). "Kingsley joins Baron Cohen's 'Dictator'". Variety. Archived from the original on May 3, 2011.
  10. ^ Morgan, Sam (April 29, 2011). "The Dictator Nabs Ben Kingsley". Hollywood.com. Archived from the original on May 7, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2011.
  11. ^ Szalai, Georg (January 20, 2011). "Sacha Baron Cohen's 'The Dictator' to Open in May 2012". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on May 6, 2012. Retrieved May 6, 2012. Additional, May 6, 2012.
  12. ^ Sherwin, Adam (May 18, 2012). "Sacha Baron Cohen: UN was scared of my 'dictator'". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on July 3, 2017. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
  13. ^ Sacha Baron Cohen: Qaddafi inspired "Dictator", CBS News, May 18, 2012
  14. ^ Baron Cohen takes no prisoners as 'The Dictator' Archived November 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ "¿Distingue Fuerteventura en la película de Baron Cohen?" (in Spanish). Canarias7. January 13, 2012. Archived from the original on December 16, 2016. Retrieved January 27, 2012. La película 'El dictador', del humorista Sacha Baron Cohen, que se rodó parcialmente en Fuerteventura, se prepara para su estreno en todo el mundo. En el primer tráiler, que ya se puede ver, se aprecian algunas imágenes rodadas en la isla majorera, en concreto un plano aéreo con carros de combate y escenas con unas militares haciendo ejercicios de artes marciales. ... El rodaje incluyó también escenas en Sevilla, concretamente en la plaza de España. Google Translation Archived November 6, 2013, at the Wayback Machine: "The film 'The Dictator' ... was filmed partially in Fuerteventura.... In the first trailer, ... one can see some footage shot on the island of Fuerteventura, in particular an airplane with tanks and military scenes.... The shoot also included scenes in Seville, specifically in the plaza...."
  16. ^ 'The Dictator' Star Says UN Banned Him To Protect Dictators Archived September 19, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, May 19, 2012.
  17. ^ "'Spider-Man' sequel films at Grumman, Gold Coast Studios". Newsday. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
  18. ^ "'The Dictator': Top Jewish moments". Jewish Journal. May 11, 2012. Archived from the original on May 25, 2022. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  19. ^ Child, Ben (December 15, 2011). "The Dictator trailer: does Sacha Baron Cohen rule OK?". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on April 6, 2012. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
  20. ^ Belloni, Matthew (February 22, 2012). "Academy: Sacha Baron Cohen Not 'Banned' From Oscars But 'Dictator' Stunt Unwelcome". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  21. ^ Daniels, Lauren (February 27, 2012). "Sacha Baron Cohen Dumps 'Ashes' on Ryan Seacrest at Oscars Red Carpet". Time. Archived from the original on May 2, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
  22. ^ Fowler, Tara (May 6, 2012). "'The Dictator' tortures Martin Scorsese on 'SNL'". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on May 8, 2012. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
  23. ^ Félicitations officielles du Général Aladeen au nouveau président français (in English and French). ParamountFrance via YouTube. May 6, 2012. Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2012.
  24. ^ "'The Dictator' Tells Jon Stewart About His New Bestie, Rick Santorum" (video). Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
  25. ^ Sacha Baron Cohen tries to punk Washington Archived July 25, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, August 5, 2012
  26. ^ "'The Dictator' dances to Bhangra tune Panjabi MC's 'Beware (Mundian To Bach Ke)'chosen as official movie song". The Asian Today. The Asian Today Ltd. Archived from the original on August 25, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
  27. ^ "The Dictator (2012)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2021.
  28. ^ "The Dictator". Metacritic. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
  29. ^ Couch, Aaron (May 19, 2012). "'The Dictator': What the Critics Are Saying". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
  30. ^ Ebert, Roger (May 9, 2012). "The Dictator". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on December 26, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
  31. ^ "The Dictator". Slant Magazine. May 12, 2012. Archived from the original on July 2, 2014. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
  32. ^ Uhlich, Keith (May 17–23, 2012). "The Dictator". Time Out New York. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
  33. ^ Fraley, Jason (May 18, 2012). "'The Dictator' demands we taste the 'duck soup'". WTOP. Archived from the original on August 22, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
  34. ^ Scott, Tobias (May 15, 2012). "Review: The Dictator". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
  35. ^ Wilson, Scott (May 17, 2012). "The Dictator's too gentle, but Sacha Baron Cohen may have Duck Soup in him yet". Nashville Scene. Retrieved June 11, 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  36. ^ Travers, Peter (May 16, 2012). "The Dictator: Movie Review". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
  37. ^ "'The Dictator' full of belly laughs". Irish Examiner. May 17, 2012. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  38. ^ Landesman, Cosmo. "The Dictator". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  39. ^ "'The Dictator' movie review". Washington Post. May 15, 2012. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2022.
  40. ^ Какой "Диктатор"? Archived December 6, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, TUT.BY, May 22, 2012
  41. ^ "В Таджикистане, Туркмении и Беларуси запретили фильм "Диктатор"". Deutsche Welle (in Russian). May 18, 2012. Archived from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  42. ^ асилий Коктыш: "Никакой политики в непрокате "Диктатора" нет Archived December 6, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, TUT.BY, May 22, 2012
  43. ^ Harding, Luke (May 18, 2012). "Tajikistan bans The Dictator". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
  44. ^ Harding, Luke (May 18, 2012). "Tajikistan bans The Dictator". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
  45. ^ The Dictator shortened after censorship in Uzbekistan Archived November 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, UzNews, 25.05.12
  46. ^ "The Dictator banned 2 weeks after premiere in Kazakhstan". Tengrinews.kz English. Archived from the original on June 13, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
  47. ^ Worgan, Mark. "Sacha Baron Cohen In Trouble With The Real Dictators". Archived from the original on January 12, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
  48. ^ "Toylet | Blog personal". toylet.it. Archived from the original on May 17, 2014. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
  49. ^ Weaver, Simon; Bradley, Lindsey (January 1, 2016). ""I haven't heard anything about religion whatsoever": Audience perceptions of anti-Muslim racism in Sacha Baron Cohen's The Dictator". HUMOR. 29 (2). doi:10.1515/humor-2015-0044.
  50. ^ a b Abdel Meguid, Rania (February 1, 2021). "Orientalism Goes to the Movies: A Critical Discourse Analysis of The Dictator". Cairo Studies in English. 2020 (1)" (PDF).
  51. ^ a b c Brammastian, Iyank Zona (September 16, 2019). "The Orientalism of Arabs in Larry Charles Film's The Dictator".
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