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History

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2011: Formation

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In May 2011, at a Hallyu business seminar held at Stanford University, Lee Soo-man spoke about a strategy of debuting a new boyband, in which they would be divided into two subgroups, promoting the same music simultaneously in South Korea and China by performing songs in both Korean and Mandarin.[1] After several member changes,[2] in December 2011, the group finalized their name to Exo, taken from the word exoplanet. They are divided into two subgroups, Exo-K ('K' for Korean) for South Korea and Exo-M ('M' for Mandarin) for China. They debuted their first televised performance at SBS's annual Gayo Daejun event on December 29, 2011.[3]

2012: Debut and Mama

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Exo at SM Town Live World Tour III in Singapore in November 2012

Exo-K and Exo-M's prologue single "What Is Love" was released on January 30, 2012, in mainland China and South Korea.[4] The single peaked at number 88 on South Korea's Gaon Single Chart. On March 9, the group released their second prologue single "History",[5] which was written and produced by Thomas Troelsen and Remee. The single peaked at number 68 on the Gaon Single Chart and number six on China's Sina Music Chart.[6]

A concert for the group was held in Seoul's Olympic Stadium on March 31.[7] Approximately 3,000 fans from 8,000 applicants were selected to attend.[8] A second concert was held in the Great Hall of the Beijing University of International Business and Economics on April 1.[9]

Exo-K and Exo-M released their debut single, "Mama", on April 8[10] followed by an EP Mama, on April 9. The two sub-groups would be promoting the album separately in two countries. On April 8, Exo-K performed on South Korea's music program The Music Trend, while Exo-M made their debut in China's Top Chinese Music Awards on the same day.[11] The mandarin version of Mama reached number two on China's Sina Album Chart, while the Korean album peaked at number one on the Gaon Album Chart[12] and number eight on the Billboard World Albums Chart.[13] The mandarin version of "Mama" music video reached number one on Chinese streaming websites, while the Korean version reached number seven on YouTube's Global Chart.[14] In late April, Exo-M performed as a guest act for Super Junior's Super Show 4 concert tour in Jakarta, Indonesia.

In November, Exo won Best New Asian Artist Group at the 2012 Mnet Asian Music Awards. Exo-K received three nominations at the 27th Golden Disc Awards, winning the Newcomer Award. Exo-M received the Most Popular Group Award at the 2013 Top Chinese Music Awards.[15]

2013: XOXO, Commercial success and Miracles in December

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Exo with South Korean President, Park Geun-hye in China on June 28, 2013

The group's first studio album, XOXO was released on June 3, 2013 with two versions, a Korean-language and a Mandarin-language edition.[16] Unlike Mama era when Exo-K and Exo-M had separate promotions, XOXO was jointly promoted; mainly in South Korea.[17] Exo recorded together for the album's lead single, "Wolf", but the rest of the album tracks were recorded separately.[18] The two versions collectively peaked at number one on the Billboard World Album Chart a week after release.[19]

A repackaged version of XOXO, titled Growl, was released on August 5, 2013 with three additional tracks. The reissue's lead single, "Growl", was released on August 1, 2013.[20] "Growl" peaked at number three on Billboard's Korea K-Pop Hot 100[21] and number two on the Gaon's Singles chart. As of December 2013, all versions of XOXO have collectively sold over one million copies, making Exo the first Korean artist to sell over a million copies of one album in twelve years and breaking the record for being the fastest-selling K-pop act.[22] XOXO was named Album of the Year at the 2013 Mnet Asian Music Awards.[23] XOXO is the best selling album in South Korea of 2013, winning the Disc Daesang Award at various award ceremonies like the Golden Disc Awards.[24]

Exo's second EP Miracles in December was officially released on December 9, 2013 as a special winter album through South Korean commercial outlets and online music stores.[25] Exo jump-started album promotions through their reality show Exo's Showtime, which premiered on November 28, 2013 on the cable channel MBC Every 1.[26]

Exo ended 2013 with six albums in the Gaon's Yearly Top 10 Best-Selling Albums, including all their 2013 album releases in both the Korean and Chinese version as well as their debut EP Mama.[27]

2014: Overdose, Kris' and Luhan's lawsuits and first solo concert

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Exo at the 16th Mnet Asian Music Awards in December 2014

Exo's third EP, Overdose, was released on May 7, 2014.[28] Originally scheduled to be released on April 21, the album was delayed due to the Sewol Ferry Accident on April 16. Overdose was promoted similarly to Mama, with Exo-M promoting primarily in China and Exo-K in South Korea. The album reached over 660,000 preorders before its release, making it the most pre-ordered Korean mini-album in history.[29] The Korean edition also peaked at number two on Billboard's World Albums Chart, and number 129 on the Billboard 200, making Exo the highest charting Korean male group act on the Billboard 200 at the time.[30][31] Overdose became the best selling album in South Korea of 2014 and was the first mini album to top the yearly charts and win the Album of the Year Award at Mnet Asian Music Awards.[32] By the end of 2014, Exo was Japan's best-selling K-pop artist of the year.[33]

On May 15, 2014, S.M. Entertainment confirmed that Exo-M's leader, Kris, had filed a lawsuit against the agency to terminate his contract, stating violation of human rights as the main reason.[34] On October 10, Exo-M's Luhan also filed a lawsuit against S.M. Entertainment to nullify his contract, because of health issues and being treated differently than the Korean members, therefore having no promotions.[35][36]

S.M. Entertainment announced that Exo would continue to promote with 10 members. The group held their first solo concert "Exo from Exoplanet ＃1 - The Lost Planet" starting May 24 at the Seoul Olympic Gymnasium.[37] Tickets for the concert sold out in 1.47 seconds, breaking the record for the fastest sold out concert by a Korean artist.[37]

2015: Exodus, Tao's lawsuit, Japanese debut and Sing for You

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From left to right: D.O, Lay, and Kai at the 24th Seoul Music Awards in January 2015

Exo's second solo concert was announced in January 2015 entitled Exo Planet ＃2 - The Exo'luxion. Five concerts were held in Seoul at the Olympic Park Stadium starting March 7. 1.2 million fans had attempted to buy tickets online.[38] On February 4, 2015, S.M. Entertainment filed a counter-suit against Kris and Luhan for illegally continuing their promotions in China. The lawsuit was to stop their acting and advertisement under the use of the S.M. trademark.[39]

Exo's second studio album, Exodus, was released on March 30, 2015 in both Korean and Mandarin versions.[40] Domestic pre-sales for the album surpassed 500,000 within 24 hours, setting a new record for pre-sales.[41] The title track, "Call Me Baby", was released early on March 27, due to leaked versions of the song.[42] The music videos were released four days later, with the Korean version later becoming the most watched K-pop music video in the first half of 2015.[43] Exo also starred in their own mini drama series titled Exo Next Door, which became the most watched Korean web drama in 2015 until later being surpassed by member Xiumin's web drama, Falling for Challenge.[44] "Call Me Baby" proved to be successful, winning eighteen times on music shows, making it the second most awarded song of all times. The album's Korean version also broke records after staying at number one on the album chart for four consecutive weeks.[45] Exodus eventually went on to sell over a million copies, and is the group's second album after XOXO to do so. It was named Album of the Year at the 2015 Mnet Asian Music Awards, making this the third consecutive win in this category for the group since 2013. In May, Exo broke the record on Billboard as the highest ranking Korean artist, topping at 90th place.[46][47] Exo also entered the Canadian Billboard Hot 100 chart at number 98, making them the first K-pop group and second Korean artist to enter the Canadian chart.[48][49]

On April 22, member Tao's father posted a letter through Weibo expressing his sentiments for his son to withdraw from the group and return to China; due to lack of support concerning individual career developments and health issues.[50] Tao had previously sustained several injuries which had not been properly treated that worsened[50] and caused him to be absent during promotions for the group's second studio album Exodus.[51] On April 23, S.M. Entertainment released an official statement saying that they would be "seeking a solution in a developmental direction" by negotiating with Tao and his father.[52] Tao later confirmed that he had left S.M. Entertainment and after failed negotiations, Tao filed an official lawsuit against S.M. Entertainment on August 24 for the termination of his exclusive contract.[52][53][54]

On June 3, a repackaged version of Exodus, titled Love Me Right, was released. This edition contains the original tracks from Exodus and four new songs, including the title track "Love Me Right".[55] Due to Tao's absence, the group promoted the song as nine members. On October 10, Exo became the first artist to hold a dome concert in South Korea with "Exo - Love Concert in Dome" at the Gocheok Sky Dome in Seoul.[56] Tickets for the event went on sale on September 21, causing the server to crash for over 50 minutes from high demand.[57][58] In preparation for the concert, S.M. Entertainment also released Exo's first official light stick, which features a black wand topped with Exo's logo which displays a white light.[59] 20,000 fans attended the concert.

On November 4, Exo released their debut Japanese single "Love Me Right ~romantic universe~", which contains the Japanese version of "Love Me Right" and an original Japanese song titled "Drop That". On the day of its release, the single sold a total of 147,000 copies and reached the top of the Oricon chart, becoming the best selling debut single in Japan by a Korean artist of all time.[60] As part of the Exo'luxion tour, Exo performed for 145,000 fans at the Tokyo Dome from November 6–8, breaking the record for the shortest amount of time since debut to hold a concert at this venue.[61][62] On November 9, Exo released a special single titled "Lightsaber" to promote the movie Star Wars: The Force Awakens ahead of its release in South Korea, as part of the collaboration between S.M. Entertainment and Walt Disney.

On December 10, Exo released their second winter special album and fourth extended play Sing for You along with double title tracks "Sing for You" and "Unfair". The album broke the record for the highest first week sales for a Korean artist by selling 267,900 copies in its first week. "Unfair" also became the first K-pop song to be featured in the "best of the week" playlist by Apple Music, while Exo became the first Korean artist to appear on the Apple Music homepage.[63] Part of the profits from the album was reportedly donated to UNICEF's "Smile For U" campaign to support the musical education of children in Asia.[64] Near the end of 2015, prominent South Korean entertainment industry leaders ranked Exo at number seven, the highest of any K-pop artist, in the top ten pop culture leaders of 2015.[65]

2016: Ex'Act, Kris' and Luhan's departures and For Life

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In February 2016, Exo held the North American leg of The Exo'luxion tour in Dallas, Vancouver, Los Angeles, Chicago, and New Jersey, playing to over 41,000 people.[66] The same month, Exo were again ranked as the most powerful celebrity by Forbes Korea Power Celebrity for the year 2015.[67] In March, they completed the Exo'luxion tour with three performances in Seoul to over 42,000 people. With a total of over 740,000 tickets sold across 44 concerts in 12 countries, it was their largest tour to date.[68]

Exo's third studio album, Ex'Act, along with its singles "Lucky One" and "Monster", were released on June 9, 2016 in both Korean and Mandarin versions.[69] Domestic pre-orders for the album surpassed 660,000, making it the most pre-ordered K-pop album ever at the time.[70] The album later broke the record for the highest first week sales of a Korean album, breaking their previous record set by Sing For You, by selling 522,372 copies in one week.[71] "Monster" became Exo's first number one on the Billboard World Digital Songs chart, while "Lucky One" debuted at number three.[72] As part of their Ex'Act promotions, Exo and Korean fashion magazine W Korea collaborated on "Exoclusive", a project to publish a 54-page, nine-cover edition of the magazine. "Exoclusive" ended up recording the highest number of sales as a fashion magazine in Korea after selling nearly a million copies.[73] On July 15, S.M. Entertainment and Putto Entertainment released Exo's official mobile game Exorun.[74]

On July 21, Kris and Luhan officially parted ways with Exo as their contractual disputes with S.M. Entertainment drew to a close.[75] On July 22, Exo embarked on their third solo concert tour, Exo Planet ＃3 - The Exo'rdium. In preparation for the tour, S.M. Entertainment announced the release of Exo's second official light stick. The new light stick featured a white wand with Exo's official logo on top that displays a multi-color changing light.[76] After holding concerts from July 22 until July 24 and July 29 until July 31 with over 84,000 attendees,[77] Exo established a record as the first artist to hold as many as six consecutive concerts at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena.[78]On August 18, a repackaged edition for Ex'Act, titled Lotto, was released. It contained the original tracks from Ex'Act along with four new songs including the single of the same name.[79] "Lotto" became Exo's second number one on the Billboard World Digital Songs Chart and peaked at number two on Gaon's Digital Chart.[80]Lotto's Korean and Chinese versions reached number one and two respectively on Gaon's Album Chart.[81][82] Within two months of its original release, Ex'Act sold over 1.17 million copies, honoring Exo with the title of "Triple Million Sellers".[83]

In September, Exo appeared on Infinite Challenge and collaborated with Yoo Jae-suk on a dance song titled "Dancing King", which was released as part of S.M. Entertainment's music project Station.[84] The song reached number two on South Korea's Gaon Digital Chart and number three on the Billboard World Digital Songs chart.[85][86] On December 7, Exo's second Japanese single "Coming Over", containing three original tracks, was released.[87][88] It reached number two on the weekly Oricon Chart, selling over 158,000 copies and became their second Japanese single album to receive a Platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of Japan.[89] Their third winter album and fifth extended play For Life was released on December 19.[90] They did not engage in promotions for the album or its single "For Life", and as of 2017 it had sold over 442,000 copies.[91] It was revealed at the end of 2016 that during the year, the group had sold 2.13 million albums including solos and sub-units.[92]

2017: The War and Universe

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Exo performing in Sydney during KCON Australia in September 2017

On May 27 and 28, 2017, Exo concluded the Exo'rdium tour with two concerts at the Seoul Olympic Stadium.[93] They were the fifth and youngest K-Pop act to hold a concert in the 72,000 seat stadium, following JYJ, H.O.T., g.o.d and YG Entertainment.[93] Tickets for the first date went on-sale on April 12 and were sold out within 20 minutes.[94] In June, Lay announced he would not take part in their next album to focus on his acting career. As of then, he has been absent from Exo as a whole.[95]

Exo's fourth studio album The War was released on July 18, 2017.[96] The album had received 807,235 pre-orders, surpassing their own record of 660,000 for Ex'Act.[97] "Ko Ko Bop" debuted at number one on the Melon Digital Chart, making Exo the first K-pop group to enter at number one after chart changes were implemented on February 27, 2017.[98] Upon release, the album recorded the highest first week sales of any K-pop album previously, with 602,094 copies sold.[99] It debuted at number 87 on the Billboard 200 chart and number one on the Billboard World Albums Chart, while the lead single "Ko Ko Bop" debuted at number two and "The Eve" debuted at number eight on the Billboard World Digital Songs Chart.[100] "Ko Ko Bop" topped Gaon Digital Chart for four non-consecutive weeks, making Exo the first artist to do so in 2017. Exo also became only the third idol group to chart at number one on Gaon for four weeks as well as the only male idol group.[101] The song also ranked number one on the Gaon Monthly Chart for August, making Exo the first group in 2017 and the fifth boy group since 2012 to top the chart.[102]

On August 29, the 2018 edition of the Guinness World Records book was released, naming Exo as having the "Most Daesang" ("Grand Prize") awards won at the Mnet Asian Music Awards" in history.[103] On September 5, a repackaged edition for The War, titled The War: The Power of Music, was released. It contains the original tracks from The War along with three new songs, including the single "Power".[104] On September 14, "Power" recorded the highest score of all time on M Countdown with 11,000 points, making Exo the first artist to achieve a perfect score after the system changes were implemented in June 2015. The win also marked their 100th win on music shows.[105] On October 19, Exo announced their third world tour, Exo Planet #4 – The EℓyXiOn, starting with three concerts in Seoul's Gocheok Sky Dome on November 24–26, 2017.[106]

It was announced on November 4, via Exo's Japanese website, that Exo would release their first full length Japanese album titled Countdown on January 24, 2018.[107] A short version of the music video for the lead single "Electric Kiss" was released on December 5.[108] It was also revealed that Countdown would feature a total of 10 songs including previously released and new songs.[108] As of November 30, Korean sales of Exo's fourth studio album The War reportedly reached 1,592,792, making it Exo's best selling album to date and earning them the title of "quadruple million seller".[109]

On December 5, Twitter released information on the most popular tweets, trends, artists, songs and more in 2017 worldwide on Twitter. It was revealed that Exo were "the most popular celebrities who joined Twitter in 2017".[110][111] This followed their entry onto the platform in July shortly before releasing The War, which reportedly generated 11 million tweets within a day.[112] In addition, their lead single "Ko Ko Bop" from The War was the most mentioned song of the year worldwide using the hashtag "#kokobop".[110][111]

On December 12, Exo's "Ko Ko Bop" music video (Korean version) surpassed 100 million views, which was Exo's sixth music video with over 100 million views.[109] On December 14, Exo members Xiumin, Baekhyun, and Chen attended the Korea-China Economic And Trade Partnership Event held in Beijing with South Korean president Moon Jae-in, along with actress Song Hye-kyo as the representatives of South Korea.[113] In early December, Exo announced their fourth winter album and sixth extended play, titled Universe. It was originally due to release on December 21, but was delayed to December 26 due to the death of labelmate Jonghyun.[114] Billboard described the lead single "Universe" as a power ballad that showcases the group's strengths as they sing about the feelings that have them searching the universe for a former lover.[114] The album earned praise for its gender-neutral lyrics. All songs on the album only use non-gender specific personal pronouns like "me" and "you" rather than "he" or "she".[115][116]

2018: Countdown and Winter Olympics

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On January 16, "Power" became the first K-pop song to play at The Dubai Fountain, the world's largest choreographed fountain system, which is located on Burj Khalifa Lake in Dubai. Seven members of the group (excluding D.O and Lay) traveled to Dubai to view the first showing.[117] "Power" was initially scheduled to play until the end of January, but was later extended until March 31 with a total of five shows per week.[118] On January 31, Exo released their first full-length Japanese album Countdown. It debuted at number one on the weekly Oricon chart which sold approximately 89,000 copies. This made Exo the first foreign group whose debut single and complete album both reached first place on the weekly Oricon chart.[119] 10 days after its release, Countdown was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan.[120]

In early February, it was announced that Exo and CL would perform at the closing ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang on February 25 as representatives of K-pop.[121] This came after Baekhyun sang the national anthem at the opening ceremony of the International Olympic Committee general assembly, and Exo's performance at the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics D-100 Concert that marked 100 days until the start of the Winter Olympics.[121][122]

In March, the Korean Mint Corporation announced that they will create an official commemorative medal for Exo and have it released in April. The medal will honor them as representatives of K-pop who have been in the centre of the Korean Wave as the top idol group.[123]

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