User:R-41/sandbox
Civil Administration המנהל האזרחי Ha-Minhal ha-Ezrahi | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1981–1994 (direct governance role) 1994-present (indirect governance role) | |||||||||
 Flag
 Coat of arms
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 Map of the West Bank that is under authority of the Civil Administration. | |||||||||
| Capital | Beit El | ||||||||
| Common languages | Hebrew (state language, language of Jewish population), Arabic (language of Arab population) | ||||||||
| Government | Military government | ||||||||
| Head of the Civil Administration | |||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Israeli Military Order Number 947 | 1981 | ||||||||
• Oslo Accords | 1994 (end of direct governance role) | ||||||||
| Currency | Israeli shekel (NIS) | ||||||||
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Palestinian National Authority السلطة الفلسطينية As-Sulṭah Al-Filasṭīniyyah | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994–2013 | |||||||||
| Anthem: Fida'i | |||||||||
 Map showing areas of Palestinian Authority control or joint control (red) as of 2006. | |||||||||
| Capital | Ramallah (West Bank) Jerusalem has been proclaimed as the capital of Palestine.[1] | ||||||||
| Common languages | Arabic[2] | ||||||||
| Government | Provisional government (semi-presidential) | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1994-2004 | Yasser Arafat (first) | ||||||||
• 2005-2013 | Mahmoud Abbas (last) | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||
• 2003 | Mahmoud Abbas (first) | ||||||||
• 2007-2013 | Salam Fayyad (last) | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 4 May 1994 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 3 January 2013 | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• | 2,124,515[3] | ||||||||
| Currency | Israeli shekel (NIS)[4] | ||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | PS | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Palestinian National Authority (Officially the 'State of Palestine' as of 2013) السلطة الفلسطينية As-Sulṭah Al-Filasṭīniyyah | |
|---|---|
| Anthem: Fida'i | |
Map showing areas of Palestinian Authority control or joint control (red) as of 2006. | |
| Administrative center | Ramallah (West Bank) Jerusalem has been proclaimed as the capital of Palestine.[1] |
| Largest cities | |
| Official languages[5] | Arabic |
| Government | Provisional (semi-presidential)[6] |
| Mahmoud Abbasa | |
| Salam Fayyadb | |
| Establishment | |
• Established | 4 May 1994 |
| Population | |
• 2012 (July) estimate | 2,124,515[3]c (126th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2009 estimate |
• Total | $12.79 billion[3] ( –) |
• Per capita | $2,900[3] (–) |
| Currency | Israeli shekel (NIS)[7] (ILS) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 ( ) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+3 ( ) |
| Calling code | |
| ISO 3166 code | PS |
| Internet TLD | |
Notes a b c
| |
Section
[edit](ANOTHER ARTICLE BELOW)
Nazism talk page discussion on religion
Richard Steigmann-Gall. The Holy Reich: Nazi Conceptions of Christianity, 1919-1945. Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Nazism (ideology outline)
Ideological components
[edit]Social
[edit]The Nazis promoted Völkisch equality that ascribed collective racial equality of opportunity, equality before the law, and full legal rights to those able people of German blood or related Aryan blood but deliberately excluded people outside of this definition who were regarded as inferior and rejected the conception of universal equality of individuals.[8] Those who qualified the definition were allowed full legal rights, including equality before the law.[9] This type of equality was not an equality of people as individuals but as a community, and thus individuals' interests were subordinate to the collective interest of the Völksgemeinschaft.[10] The Nazis were opposed to the conventional universal conception of equality that they opposed and claimed that while they supported Völkisch equality, Nazism was committed to intensifying human inequality as a whole to allow the German people to become the "new master class" of the world.[11] People outside of German blood were automatically considered unequal and inferior and thus denied the rights of those of German blood.[12]
The Nazis sought to dismantle what they deemed to be an unnatural hierarchy of the middle class and nobility who had allegedly jealously kept their wealth and titles while failing to justify their hierarchical position in World War I where even middle-class and aristocratic nationalists among them were deemed by the Nazis to have not upheld an appropriate share of contribution to the war effort.[13] Thus the Nazis claimed that only the primordial brutality and willpower of the lower orders could save Germany, and thus justified equality of opportunity as a means to create new capable leaders for German society.[14]
The Nazis advocated a welfare state in Germany for German citizens (able Germans of Aryan racial descent) as a means to provide social justice and eliminate social barriers between the German people.[15] The Nazis continued social welfare policies initiated by the governments of the Weimar Republic and mobilized volunteers to assist those impoverished, "racially-worthy" Germans through the National Socialist People's Welfare organization.[16] This organization oversaw charitable activities, and became the largest civic organization in Nazi Germany.[16] Successful efforts were made to get middle-class women involved in social work assisting large families.[17] The Winter Relief campaigns acted as a ritual to generate public feeling.[18]
Economic
[edit]The Nazis promoted the creation of a community of common interest between managers and employees in industry where a factory leader would be selected to act in coordination with a council of factory members, though these members would have to obey the Führerprinzip of the factory leader.[19] The economy was to be subordinate to the goals of the political leadership of the state.[20]
The Nazis sought to gain support of workers by declaring May Day, a day celebrated by organized labour, to be a paid holiday and held celebrations on 1 May 1933 to honour German workers.[21] The Nazis stressed that Germany must honour its workers.[22] The regime believed that the only way to avoid a repeat of the disaster of 1918 was to secure workers' support for the German government.[21] The regime also insisted through propaganda that all Germans take part in the May Day celebrations in the hope that this would help break down class hostility between workers and the Burghers (bourgeoisie).[22] Songs in praise of labour and workers were played by state radio throughout May Day as well as an airshow in Berlin and fireworks.[22] Hitler spoke of workers as patriots who had built Germany's industrial strength and had honourably served in the war and claimed that they had been oppressed under economic liberalism.[23] Berliner Morgenpost that had been strongly associated with the political left in the past praised the regime's May Day celebrations.[23]
- ^ a b The Palestinian law, approved by the PLC in May 2002, states in article 3 that "Jerusalem is the Capital of Palestine". Ramallah serves as the administrative capital and the location of government institutions and representative offices of Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Malta, the Netherlands, South Africa and Switzerland (more). Israel's claim over the whole of Jerusalem was not accepted by the UN which maintains that Jerusalem's status is pending final negotiation between Israel and Palestinians.
- ^ The Palestine Basic Law, approved by the PLC in March 2003, states in article 4 that "Arabic shall be the official language."
- ^ a b c d "CIA – The World Factbook". cia.gov.
- ^ According to Article 4 of the 1994 Paris Protocol ([1]). The Protocol allows the Palestinian Authority to adopt additional currencies. In the West Bank, the Jordanian dinar is widely accepted, while the Egyptian pound is often used in the Gaza Strip.
- ^ The Palestine Basic Law, approved by the PLC in March 2003, states in article 4 that "Arabic shall be the official language."
- ^ Elections have not been held since 2006 ("The Palestinian Authority".).
- ^ According to Article 4 of the 1994 Paris Protocol ([2]). The Protocol allows the Palestinian Authority to adopt additional currencies. In the West Bank, the Jordanian dinar is widely accepted, while the Egyptian pound is often used in the Gaza Strip.
- ^ Diemut Majer, Peter Thomas Hill, Edward Vance Humphrey. "Non-Germans" Under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe, with Special Regard to Occupied. Washington, DC, USA: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2003. Pp. 43-50.
- ^ Diemut Majer, Peter Thomas Hill, Edward Vance Humphrey. "Non-Germans" Under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe, with Special Regard to Occupied. Washington, DC, USA: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2003. Pp. 43.
- ^ Diemut Majer, Peter Thomas Hill, Edward Vance Humphrey. "Non-Germans" Under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe, with Special Regard to Occupied. Washington, DC, USA: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2003. Pp. 47.
- ^ Diemut Majer, Peter Thomas Hill, Edward Vance Humphrey. "Non-Germans" Under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe, with Special Regard to Occupied. Washington, DC, USA: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2003. Pp. 43.
- ^ Diemut Majer, Peter Thomas Hill, Edward Vance Humphrey. "Non-Germans" Under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe, with Special Regard to Occupied. Washington, DC, USA: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2003. Pp. 50.
- ^ MacGregor Knox. Common destiny: dictatorship, foreign policy, and war in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. 208.
- ^ MacGregor Knox. Common destiny: dictatorship, foreign policy, and war in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. 208.
- ^ Gotz Aly, Jefferson Chase. Hitler's Beneficiaries: Plunder, Racial War, and the Nazi Welfare State. New York, New York, USA: Macmillan, 2008. Pp. 14.
- ^ a b Peter Fritzsche. Life and Death in the Third Reich. President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2008. p. 45.
- ^ Richard Grunberger, The 12-Year Reich, p 46, ISBN 03-076435-1
- ^ Richard Grunberger, The 12-Year Reich, p 79, ISBN 03-076435-1
- ^ Richard Grunberger. The 12-year Reich: a social history of Nazi Germany, 1933-1945. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: De Capo Press, 1995. Pp. 193.
- ^ Alexander J. De Grand. Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: the 'fascist' style of rule. 2nd edition. London, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Routledge, 1997. Pp. 40.
- ^ a b Fritzsche, p. 45.
- ^ a b c Fritzsche, p. 46.
- ^ a b Fritzsche, p. 47.