Log page index: User:ProteinBoxBot/PBB_Log_Index
Protein Status Quick Log - Date: 23:13, 24 November 2007 (UTC)
[edit]Proteins without matches (9)
[edit]Proteins with a High Potential Match (4)
[edit]Redirected Proteins (11)
[edit]Manual Inspection (Page not found) (11)
[edit]
Protein Status Grid - Date: 23:13, 24 November 2007 (UTC)
[edit]Vebose Log - Date: 23:13, 24 November 2007 (UTC)
[edit]- INFO: Beginning work on BDKRB1... {November 24, 2007 2:49:47 PM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: BDKRB1 {November 24, 2007 2:50:04 PM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {November 24, 2007 2:50:07 PM PST}
- UPDATE SUMMARY: Updating Summary, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 2:50:07 PM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 2:50:07 PM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: BDKRB1 {November 24, 2007 2:50:12 PM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on BDKRB2... {November 24, 2007 2:50:12 PM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: BDKRB2 {November 24, 2007 2:50:31 PM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {November 24, 2007 2:50:35 PM PST}
- UPDATE SUMMARY: Updating Summary, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 2:50:35 PM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 2:50:35 PM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: BDKRB2 {November 24, 2007 2:50:41 PM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on BLR1... {November 24, 2007 2:50:41 PM PST}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 24, 2007 2:51:52 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Burkitt lymphoma receptor 1, GTP binding protein (chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5)
| HGNCid = 1060
| Symbol = BLR1
| AltSymbols =; CD185; CXCR5; MDR15; MGC117347
| OMIM = 601613
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 1298
| MGIid = 103567
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_BLR1_206126_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_BLR1_216734_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004945 |text = angiotensin type II receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016494 |text = C-X-C chemokine receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006928 |text = cell motility}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042113 |text = B cell activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048535 |text = lymph node development}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 643
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000160683
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001707
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001716
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 118259777
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 118272180
| Hs_Uniprot = P32302
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12145
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000047880
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_991331
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_996425
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 44262778
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 44277416
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3V0L2
}}
}}
'''Burkitt lymphoma receptor 1, GTP binding protein (chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5)''', also known as '''BLR1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: BLR1 Burkitt lymphoma receptor 1, GTP binding protein (chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=643| accessdate = }}</ref>
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene was identified as a gene specifically expressed in Burkitt's lymphoma and lymphatic tissues. The protein encoded by this gene is predicted to be a seven transmembrane G protein- coupled receptor and belongs to the CXC chemokine receptor family. BLC, a B-lymphocyte chemoattractant, was identified to be a specific ligand for this receptor. Studies of this gene and its mouse conterpart strongly suggest the essential function of this gene in B cell migration and localization within specific anatomic compartments, such as follicles in lymph nodes as well as in spleen. Two alternatively spliced variants of this gene exist.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: BLR1 Burkitt lymphoma receptor 1, GTP binding protein (chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=643| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Lipp M, Müller G |title=Shaping up adaptive immunity: the impact of CCR7 and CXCR5 on lymphocyte trafficking. |journal=Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pathologie |volume=87 |issue= |pages= 90-101 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16888899 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Dobner T, Wolf I, Emrich T, Lipp M |title=Differentiation-specific expression of a novel G protein-coupled receptor from Burkitt's lymphoma. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=22 |issue= 11 |pages= 2795-9 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1425907 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Barella L, Loetscher M, Tobler A, ''et al.'' |title=Sequence variation of a novel heptahelical leucocyte receptor through alternative transcript formation. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=309 ( Pt 3) |issue= |pages= 773-9 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7639692 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Legler DF, Loetscher M, Roos RS, ''et al.'' |title=B cell-attracting chemokine 1, a human CXC chemokine expressed in lymphoid tissues, selectively attracts B lymphocytes via BLR1/CXCR5. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=187 |issue= 4 |pages= 655-60 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9463416 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gunn MD, Ngo VN, Ansel KM, ''et al.'' |title=A B-cell-homing chemokine made in lymphoid follicles activates Burkitt's lymphoma receptor-1. |journal=Nature |volume=391 |issue= 6669 |pages= 799-803 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9486651 |doi= 10.1038/35876 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Müller G, Lipp M |title=Signal transduction by the chemokine receptor CXCR5: structural requirements for G protein activation analyzed by chimeric CXCR1/CXCR5 molecules. |journal=Biol. Chem. |volume=382 |issue= 9 |pages= 1387-97 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11688722 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schaerli P, Loetscher P, Moser B |title=Cutting edge: induction of follicular homing precedes effector Th cell development. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=167 |issue= 11 |pages= 6082-6 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11714765 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kim CH, Johnston B, Butcher EC |title=Trafficking machinery of NKT cells: shared and differential chemokine receptor expression among V alpha 24(+)V beta 11(+) NKT cell subsets with distinct cytokine-producing capacity. |journal=Blood |volume=100 |issue= 1 |pages= 11-6 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12070001 |doi= 10.1182/blood-2001-12-0196 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Carlsen HS, Baekkevold ES, Johansen FE, ''et al.'' |title=B cell attracting chemokine 1 (CXCL13) and its receptor CXCR5 are expressed in normal and aberrant gut associated lymphoid tissue. |journal=Gut |volume=51 |issue= 3 |pages= 364-71 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12171958 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Battle TE, Yen A |title=Ectopic expression of CXCR5/BLR1 accelerates retinoic acid- and vitamin D(3)-induced monocytic differentiation of U937 cells. |journal=Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) |volume=227 |issue= 9 |pages= 753-62 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12324654 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lisignoli G, Toneguzzi S, Piacentini A, ''et al.'' |title=Human osteoblasts express functional CXC chemokine receptors 3 and 5: activation by their ligands, CXCL10 and CXCL13, significantly induces alkaline phosphatase and beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase release. |journal=J. Cell. Physiol. |volume=194 |issue= 1 |pages= 71-9 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12447991 |doi= 10.1002/jcp.10188 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chan CC, Shen D, Hackett JJ, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR5, and chemokines, BLC and SDF-1, in the eyes of patients with primary intraocular lymphoma. |journal=Ophthalmology |volume=110 |issue= 2 |pages= 421-6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12578791 |doi= 10.1016/S0161-6420(02)01737-2 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Flynn G, Maru S, Loughlin J, ''et al.'' |title=Regulation of chemokine receptor expression in human microglia and astrocytes. |journal=J. Neuroimmunol. |volume=136 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 84-93 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12620646 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lisignoli G, Piacentini A, Toneguzzi S, ''et al.'' |title=Age-associated changes in functional response to CXCR3 and CXCR5 chemokine receptors in human osteoblasts. |journal=Biogerontology |volume=4 |issue= 5 |pages= 309-17 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14618028 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Aust G, Sittig D, Becherer L, ''et al.'' |title=The role of CXCR5 and its ligand CXCL13 in the compartmentalization of lymphocytes in thyroids affected by autoimmune thyroid diseases. |journal=Eur. J. Endocrinol. |volume=150 |issue= 2 |pages= 225-34 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14763921 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Qiuping Z, Jie X, Youxin J, ''et al.'' |title=Selectively frequent expression of CXCR5 enhances resistance to apoptosis in CD8(+)CD34(+) T cells from patients with T-cell-lineage acute lymphocytic leukemia. |journal=Oncogene |volume=24 |issue= 4 |pages= 573-84 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15580304 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1208184 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Howard OM, Dong HF, Su SB, ''et al.'' |title=Autoantigens signal through chemokine receptors: uveitis antigens induce CXCR3- and CXCR5-expressing lymphocytes and immature dendritic cells to migrate. |journal=Blood |volume=105 |issue= 11 |pages= 4207-14 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15713799 |doi= 10.1182/blood-2004-07-2697 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Steinmetz OM, Panzer U, Kneissler U, ''et al.'' |title=BCA-1/CXCL13 expression is associated with CXCR5-positive B-cell cluster formation in acute renal transplant rejection. |journal=Kidney Int. |volume=67 |issue= 4 |pages= 1616-21 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15780119 |doi= 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00244.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hu C, Xiong J, Zhang L, ''et al.'' |title=PEG10 activation by co-stimulation of CXCR5 and CCR7 essentially contributes to resistance to apoptosis in CD19+CD34+ B cells from patients with B cell lineage acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. |journal=Cell. Mol. Immunol. |volume=1 |issue= 4 |pages= 280-94 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16225771 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on BRS3... {November 24, 2007 2:51:52 PM PST}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 24, 2007 2:52:44 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Bombesin-like receptor 3
| HGNCid = 1113
| Symbol = BRS3
| AltSymbols =;
| OMIM = 300107
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 1307
| MGIid = 1100501
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_BRS3_207369_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004946 |text = bombesin receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006006 |text = glucose metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006939 |text = smooth muscle contraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007584 |text = response to nutrient}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008217 |text = blood pressure regulation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008343 |text = adult feeding behavior}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 680
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000102239
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001718
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001727
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = X
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 135397712
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 135403605
| Hs_Uniprot = P32247
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12209
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000031130
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009766
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033896
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = X
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 53389858
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 53395542
| Mm_Uniprot = O54798
}}
}}
'''Bombesin-like receptor 3''', also known as '''BRS3''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: BRS3 bombesin-like receptor 3| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=680| accessdate = }}</ref>
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Mammalian bombesin-like peptides (see MIM 137260) are widely distributed in the central nervous system as well as in the gastrointestinal tract, where they modulate smooth-muscle contraction, exocrine and endocrine processes, metabolism, and behavior. They bind to G protein-coupled receptors on the cell surface to elicit their effects. Bombesin-like peptide receptors include gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (MIM 305670), neuromedin B receptor (MIM 162341), and bombesin-like receptor-3 (BRS3) (Ohki-Hamazaki et al., 1997).[supplied by OMIM]<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: BRS3 bombesin-like receptor 3| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=680| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Gorbulev V, Akhundova A, Grzeschik KH, Fahrenholz F |title=Organization and chromosomal localization of the gene for the human bombesin receptor subtype expressed in pregnant uterus. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=340 |issue= 3 |pages= 260-4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8131855 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fathi Z, Corjay MH, Shapira H, ''et al.'' |title=BRS-3: a novel bombesin receptor subtype selectively expressed in testis and lung carcinoma cells. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=268 |issue= 8 |pages= 5979-84 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8383682 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kane MA, Toi-Scott M, Johnson GL, ''et al.'' |title=Bombesin-like peptide receptors in human bronchial epithelial cells. |journal=Peptides |volume=17 |issue= 1 |pages= 111-8 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8822519 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ohki-Hamazaki H, Watase K, Yamamoto K, ''et al.'' |title=Mice lacking bombesin receptor subtype-3 develop metabolic defects and obesity. |journal=Nature |volume=390 |issue= 6656 |pages= 165-9 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9367152 |doi= 10.1038/36568 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ryan RR, Weber HC, Hou W, ''et al.'' |title=Ability of various bombesin receptor agonists and antagonists to alter intracellular signaling of the human orphan receptor BRS-3. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 22 |pages= 13613-24 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9593699 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Liu J, Lao ZJ, Zhang J, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular basis of the pharmacological difference between rat and human bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3). |journal=Biochemistry |volume=41 |issue= 28 |pages= 8954-60 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12102638 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, ''et al.'' |title=The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. |journal=Nature |volume=434 |issue= 7031 |pages= 325-37 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15772651 |doi= 10.1038/nature03440 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hou X, Wei L, Harada A, Tatamoto K |title=Activation of bombesin receptor subtype-3 stimulates adhesion of lung cancer cells. |journal=Lung Cancer |volume=54 |issue= 2 |pages= 143-8 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16979789 |doi= 10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.08.005 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tan YR, Qin XQ, Xiang Y, ''et al.'' |title=PPARalpha and AP-2alpha regulate bombesin receptor subtype 3 expression in ozone-stressed bronchial epithelial cells. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=405 |issue= 1 |pages= 131-7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17355223 |doi= 10.1042/BJ20061754 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on C3AR1... {November 24, 2007 2:52:44 PM PST}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {November 24, 2007 2:53:25 PM PST}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: C3AR1 {November 24, 2007 2:53:35 PM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on C5AR1... {November 24, 2007 2:53:35 PM PST}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 24, 2007 2:54:01 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Complement component 5a receptor 1
| HGNCid = 1338
| Symbol = C5AR1
| AltSymbols =; C5A; C5AR; C5R1; CD88
| OMIM = 113995
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20413
| MGIid = 88232
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_C5AR1_220088_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004944 |text = C5a anaphylatoxin receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000187 |text = activation of MAPK activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006935 |text = chemotaxis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006968 |text = cellular defense response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007202 |text = phospholipase C activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007204 |text = elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007606 |text = sensory perception of chemical stimulus}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 728
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000197405
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001727
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001736
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 19
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 52504971
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 52517172
| Hs_Uniprot = P21730
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12273
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000049130
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007577
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031603
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 15405265
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 15417773
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TZ86
}}
}}
'''Complement component 5a receptor 1''', also known as '''C5AR1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: C5AR1 complement component 5a receptor 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=728| accessdate = }}</ref>
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Sengeløv H |title=Complement receptors in neutrophils. |journal=Crit. Rev. Immunol. |volume=15 |issue= 2 |pages= 107-31 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8573284 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Beil WJ, Schulz M, Wefelmeyer U |title=Mast cell granule composition and tissue location--a close correlation. |journal=Histol. Histopathol. |volume=15 |issue= 3 |pages= 937-46 |year= 2001 |pmid= 10963136 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yamamoto T |title=Roles of the ribosomal protein S19 dimer and the C5a receptor in pathophysiological functions of phagocytic leukocytes. |journal=Pathol. Int. |volume=57 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-11 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17199736 |doi= 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2007.02049.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bao L, Gerard NP, Eddy RL, ''et al.'' |title=Mapping of genes for the human C5a receptor (C5AR), human FMLP receptor (FPR), and two FMLP receptor homologue orphan receptors (FPRH1, FPRH2) to chromosome 19. |journal=Genomics |volume=13 |issue= 2 |pages= 437-40 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1612600 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerard NP, Gerard C |title=The chemotactic receptor for human C5a anaphylatoxin. |journal=Nature |volume=349 |issue= 6310 |pages= 614-7 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1847994 |doi= 10.1038/349614a0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Boulay F, Mery L, Tardif M, ''et al.'' |title=Expression cloning of a receptor for C5a anaphylatoxin on differentiated HL-60 cells. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=30 |issue= 12 |pages= 2993-9 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2007135 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wahl SM, Allen JB, Gartner S, ''et al.'' |title=HIV-1 and its envelope glycoprotein down-regulate chemotactic ligand receptors and chemotactic function of peripheral blood monocytes. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=142 |issue= 10 |pages= 3553-9 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2541200 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Foreman KE, Vaporciyan AA, Bonish BK, ''et al.'' |title=C5a-induced expression of P-selectin in endothelial cells. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=94 |issue= 3 |pages= 1147-55 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7521884 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Giannini E, Brouchon L, Boulay F |title=Identification of the major phosphorylation sites in human C5a anaphylatoxin receptor in vivo. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 32 |pages= 19166-72 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7642584 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Buhl AM, Osawa S, Johnson GL |title=Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation requires two signal inputs from the human anaphylatoxin C5a receptor. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 34 |pages= 19828-32 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7649993 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wennogle LP, Conder L, Winter C, ''et al.'' |title=Stabilization of C5a receptor--G-protein interactions through ligand binding. |journal=J. Cell. Biochem. |volume=55 |issue= 3 |pages= 380-8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7962171 |doi= 10.1002/jcb.240550316 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerard NP, Bao L, Xiao-Ping H, ''et al.'' |title=Human chemotaxis receptor genes cluster at 19q13.3-13.4. Characterization of the human C5a receptor gene. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=32 |issue= 5 |pages= 1243-50 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8383526 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ames RS, Li Y, Sarau HM, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning and characterization of the human anaphylatoxin C3a receptor. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 34 |pages= 20231-4 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8702752 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Werfel T, Zwirner J, Oppermann M, ''et al.'' |title=CD88 antibodies specifically bind to C5aR on dermal CD117+ and CD14+ cells and react with a desmosomal antigen in human skin. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=157 |issue= 4 |pages= 1729-35 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8759762 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Höpken UE, Lu B, Gerard NP, Gerard C |title=The C5a chemoattractant receptor mediates mucosal defence to infection. |journal=Nature |volume=383 |issue= 6595 |pages= 86-9 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8779720 |doi= 10.1038/383086a0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chen Z, Zhang X, Gonnella NC, ''et al.'' |title=Residues 21-30 within the extracellular N-terminal region of the C5a receptor represent a binding domain for the C5a anaphylatoxin. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 17 |pages= 10411-9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9553099 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Floreani AA, Heires AJ, Welniak LA, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of receptors for C5a anaphylatoxin (CD88) on human bronchial epithelial cells: enhancement of C5a-mediated release of IL-8 upon exposure to cigarette smoke. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=160 |issue= 10 |pages= 5073-81 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9590258 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ottonello L, Corcione A, Tortolina G, ''et al.'' |title=rC5a directs the in vitro migration of human memory and naive tonsillar B lymphocytes: implications for B cell trafficking in secondary lymphoid tissues. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=162 |issue= 11 |pages= 6510-7 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10352266 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kohleisen B, Shumay E, Sutter G, ''et al.'' |title=Stable expression of HIV-1 Nef induces changes in growth properties and activation state of human astrocytes. |journal=AIDS |volume=13 |issue= 17 |pages= 2331-41 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10597774 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CALCR... {November 24, 2007 2:54:01 PM PST}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 24, 2007 2:54:26 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Calcitonin receptor
| HGNCid = 1440
| Symbol = CALCR
| AltSymbols =; CRT; CTR; CTR1
| OMIM = 114131
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 1320
| MGIid = 101950
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CALCR_207886_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_CALCR_207887_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004435 |text = phosphoinositide phospholipase C activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004930 |text = G-protein coupled receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004948 |text = calcitonin receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001503 |text = ossification}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007190 |text = adenylate cyclase activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007202 |text = phospholipase C activation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 799
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000004948
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001733
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001742
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 92891735
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 93041686
| Hs_Uniprot = P30988
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12311
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000023964
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_001042725
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_001036190
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 3637395
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 3672973
| Mm_Uniprot = Q790U4
}}
}}
'''Calcitonin receptor''', also known as '''CALCR''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CALCR calcitonin receptor| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=799| accessdate = }}</ref>
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Pondel M |title=Calcitonin and calcitonin receptors: bone and beyond. |journal=International journal of experimental pathology |volume=81 |issue= 6 |pages= 405-22 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11298188 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gorn AH, Lin HY, Yamin M, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning, characterization, and expression of a human calcitonin receptor from an ovarian carcinoma cell line. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=90 |issue= 5 |pages= 1726-35 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1331173 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Albrandt K, Brady EM, Moore CX, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning and functional expression of a third isoform of the human calcitonin receptor and partial characterization of the calcitonin receptor gene. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=136 |issue= 12 |pages= 5377-84 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7588285 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Egerton M, Needham M, Evans S, ''et al.'' |title=Identification of multiple human calcitonin receptor isoforms: heterologous expression and pharmacological characterization. |journal=J. Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=14 |issue= 2 |pages= 179-89 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7619207 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nussenzveig DR, Mathew S, Gershengorn MC |title=Alternative splicing of a 48-nucleotide exon generates two isoforms of the human calcitonin receptor. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=136 |issue= 5 |pages= 2047-51 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7720653 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nakamura M, Hashimoto T, Nakajima T, ''et al.'' |title=A new type of human calcitonin receptor isoform generated by alternative splicing. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=209 |issue= 2 |pages= 744-51 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7733946 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pérez Jurado LA, Li X, Francke U |title=The human calcitonin receptor gene (CALCR) at 7q21.3 is outside the deletion associated with the Williams syndrome. |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=70 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 246-9 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7789182 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nussenzveig DR, Thaw CN, Gershengorn MC |title=Inhibition of inositol phosphate second messenger formation by intracellular loop one of a human calcitonin receptor. Expression and mutational analysis of synthetic receptor genes. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 45 |pages= 28123-9 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7961748 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kuestner RE, Elrod RD, Grant FJ, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning and characterization of an abundant subtype of the human calcitonin receptor. |journal=Mol. Pharmacol. |volume=46 |issue= 2 |pages= 246-55 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8078488 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Frendo JL, Pichaud F, Mourroux RD, ''et al.'' |title=An isoform of the human calcitonin receptor is expressed in TT cells and in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=342 |issue= 2 |pages= 214-6 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8143880 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Masi L, Becherini L, Gennari L, ''et al.'' |title=Allelic variants of human calcitonin receptor: distribution and association with bone mass in postmenopausal Italian women. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=245 |issue= 2 |pages= 622-6 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9571205 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8445 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Taboulet J, Frenkian M, Frendo JL, ''et al.'' |title=Calcitonin receptor polymorphism is associated with a decreased fracture risk in post-menopausal women. |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=7 |issue= 13 |pages= 2129-33 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9817931 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Christopoulos G, Perry KJ, Morfis M, ''et al.'' |title=Multiple amylin receptors arise from receptor activity-modifying protein interaction with the calcitonin receptor gene product. |journal=Mol. Pharmacol. |volume=56 |issue= 1 |pages= 235-42 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10385705 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nishikawa T, Ishikawa H, Yamamoto S, Koshihara Y |title=A novel calcitonin receptor gene in human osteoclasts from normal bone marrow. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=458 |issue= 3 |pages= 409-14 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10570950 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Beaudreuil J, Taboulet J, Orcel P, ''et al.'' |title=Calcitonin receptor mRNA in mononuclear leucocytes from postmenopausal women: decrease during osteoporosis and link to bone markers with specific isoform involvement. |journal=Bone |volume=27 |issue= 1 |pages= 161-8 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10865224 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wada S, Yasuda S, Nagai T, ''et al.'' |title=Regulation of calcitonin receptor by glucocorticoid in human osteoclast-like cells prepared in vitro using receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=142 |issue= 4 |pages= 1471-8 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11250927 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ogden CA, deCathelineau A, Hoffmann PR, ''et al.'' |title=C1q and mannose binding lectin engagement of cell surface calreticulin and CD91 initiates macropinocytosis and uptake of apoptotic cells. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=194 |issue= 6 |pages= 781-95 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11560994 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nosaka Y, Tachi Y, Shimpuku H, ''et al.'' |title=Association of calcitonin receptor gene polymorphism with early marginal bone loss around endosseous implants. |journal=The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants |volume=17 |issue= 1 |pages= 38-43 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11858573 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CASR... {November 24, 2007 2:54:26 PM PST}
- SEARCH REDIRECT: Control Box Found: Calcium-sensing receptor {November 24, 2007 2:55:12 PM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {November 24, 2007 2:55:15 PM PST}
- SKIP SUMMARY: SKIPPING Summary, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 2:55:15 PM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 2:55:15 PM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: Calcium-sensing receptor {November 24, 2007 2:55:21 PM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on CCKAR... {November 24, 2007 2:55:22 PM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: CCKAR {November 24, 2007 2:55:40 PM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {November 24, 2007 2:55:41 PM PST}
- UPDATE SUMMARY: Updating Summary, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 2:55:41 PM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 2:55:41 PM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: CCKAR {November 24, 2007 2:55:46 PM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on CCKBR... {November 24, 2007 2:55:47 PM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: CCKBR {November 24, 2007 2:56:13 PM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {November 24, 2007 2:56:14 PM PST}
- UPDATE SUMMARY: Updating Summary, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 2:56:14 PM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 2:56:14 PM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: CCKBR {November 24, 2007 2:56:19 PM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on CCR1... {November 24, 2007 2:59:41 PM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: CCR1 {November 24, 2007 3:00:02 PM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {November 24, 2007 3:00:06 PM PST}
- SKIP SUMMARY: SKIPPING Summary, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 3:00:06 PM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 3:00:06 PM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: CCR1 {November 24, 2007 3:00:14 PM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on CCR2... {November 24, 2007 3:00:14 PM PST}
- SEARCH REDIRECT: Control Box Found: CCR2 {November 24, 2007 3:01:09 PM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {November 24, 2007 3:01:11 PM PST}
- UPDATE SUMMARY: Updating Summary, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 3:01:11 PM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 3:01:11 PM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: CCR2 {November 24, 2007 3:01:16 PM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on CCR3... {November 24, 2007 3:01:16 PM PST}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 24, 2007 3:01:45 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3
| HGNCid = 1604
| Symbol = CCR3
| AltSymbols =; CC-CKR-3; CD193; CKR3; CMKBR3; MGC102841
| OMIM = 601268
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20436
| MGIid = 104616
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CCR3_208304_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016493 |text = C-C chemokine receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006935 |text = chemotaxis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006968 |text = cellular defense response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007188 |text = G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007204 |text = elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1232
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000183625
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001828
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001837
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 46227186
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 46283103
| Hs_Uniprot = P51677
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12771
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000035448
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009914
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034044
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 123870898
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 123879738
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3U5L7
}}
}}
'''Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3''', also known as '''CCR3''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CCR3 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1232| accessdate = }}</ref>
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for C-C type chemokines. It belongs to family 1 of the G protein-coupled receptors. This receptor binds and responds to a variety of chemokines, including eotaxin (CCL11), eotaxin-3 (CCL26), MCP-3 (CCL7), MCP-4 (CCL13), and RANTES (CCL5). It is highly expressed in eosinophils and basophils, and is also detected in TH1 and TH2 cells, as well as in airway epithelial cells. This receptor may contribute to the accumulation and activation of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in the allergic airway. It is also known to be an entry co-receptor for HIV-1. This gene and seven other chemokine receptor genes form a chemokine receptor gene cluster on the chromosomal region 3p21. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CCR3 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1232| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Choe H, Martin KA, Farzan M, ''et al.'' |title=Structural interactions between chemokine receptors, gp120 Env and CD4. |journal=Semin. Immunol. |volume=10 |issue= 3 |pages= 249-57 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9653051 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Marone G, Florio G, Petraroli A, de Paulis A |title=Dysregulation of the IgE/Fc epsilon RI network in HIV-1 infection. |journal=J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. |volume=107 |issue= 1 |pages= 22-30 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11149986 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Marone G, Florio G, Triggiani M, ''et al.'' |title=Mechanisms of IgE elevation in HIV-1 infection. |journal=Crit. Rev. Immunol. |volume=20 |issue= 6 |pages= 477-96 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11396683 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ruibal-Ares BH, Belmonte L, Baré PC, ''et al.'' |title=HIV-1 infection and chemokine receptor modulation. |journal=Curr. HIV Res. |volume=2 |issue= 1 |pages= 39-50 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15053339 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Post TW, Bozic CR, Rothenberg ME, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular characterization of two murine eosinophil beta chemokine receptors. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=155 |issue= 11 |pages= 5299-305 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7594543 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Combadiere C, Ahuja SK, Murphy PM |title=Cloning and functional expression of a human eosinophil CC chemokine receptor. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 28 |pages= 16491-4 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7622448 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ponath PD, Qin S, Ringler DJ, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning of the human eosinophil chemoattractant, eotaxin. Expression, receptor binding, and functional properties suggest a mechanism for the selective recruitment of eosinophils. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=97 |issue= 3 |pages= 604-12 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8609214 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kitaura M, Nakajima T, Imai T, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning of human eotaxin, an eosinophil-selective CC chemokine, and identification of a specific eosinophil eotaxin receptor, CC chemokine receptor 3. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 13 |pages= 7725-30 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8631813 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Combadiere C, Ahuja SK, Murphy PM |title=Cloning and functional expression of a human eosinophil CC chemokine receptor. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 18 |pages= 11034 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8631926 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Daugherty BL, Siciliano SJ, DeMartino JA, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning, expression, and characterization of the human eosinophil eotaxin receptor. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=183 |issue= 5 |pages= 2349-54 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8642344 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Choe H, Farzan M, Sun Y, ''et al.'' |title=The beta-chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 facilitate infection by primary HIV-1 isolates. |journal=Cell |volume=85 |issue= 7 |pages= 1135-48 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8674119 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ponath PD, Qin S, Post TW, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning and characterization of a human eotaxin receptor expressed selectively on eosinophils. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=183 |issue= 6 |pages= 2437-48 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8676064 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Samson M, Soularue P, Vassart G, Parmentier M |title=The genes encoding the human CC-chemokine receptors CC-CKR1 to CC-CKR5 (CMKBR1-CMKBR5) are clustered in the p21.3-p24 region of chromosome 3. |journal=Genomics |volume=36 |issue= 3 |pages= 522-6 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8884276 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1996.0498 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Heath H, Qin S, Rao P, ''et al.'' |title=Chemokine receptor usage by human eosinophils. The importance of CCR3 demonstrated using an antagonistic monoclonal antibody. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=99 |issue= 2 |pages= 178-84 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9005985 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=He J, Chen Y, Farzan M, ''et al.'' |title=CCR3 and CCR5 are co-receptors for HIV-1 infection of microglia. |journal=Nature |volume=385 |issue= 6617 |pages= 645-9 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9024664 |doi= 10.1038/385645a0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Daugherty BL, Springer MS |title=The beta-chemokine receptor genes CCR1 (CMKBR1), CCR2 (CMKBR2), and CCR3 (CMKBR3) cluster within 285 kb on human chromosome 3p21. |journal=Genomics |volume=41 |issue= 2 |pages= 294-5 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9143512 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1997.4626 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Forssmann U, Uguccioni M, Loetscher P, ''et al.'' |title=Eotaxin-2, a novel CC chemokine that is selective for the chemokine receptor CCR3, and acts like eotaxin on human eosinophil and basophil leukocytes. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=185 |issue= 12 |pages= 2171-6 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9182688 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Alkhatib G, Berger EA, Murphy PM, Pease JE |title=Determinants of HIV-1 coreceptor function on CC chemokine receptor 3. Importance of both extracellular and transmembrane/cytoplasmic regions. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 33 |pages= 20420-6 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9252350 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pakianathan DR, Kuta EG, Artis DR, ''et al.'' |title=Distinct but overlapping epitopes for the interaction of a CC-chemokine with CCR1, CCR3 and CCR5. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=36 |issue= 32 |pages= 9642-8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9289016 |doi= 10.1021/bi970593z }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sallusto F, Mackay CR, Lanzavecchia A |title=Selective expression of the eotaxin receptor CCR3 by human T helper 2 cells. |journal=Science |volume=277 |issue= 5334 |pages= 2005-7 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9302298 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CCR4... {November 24, 2007 3:01:45 PM PST}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 24, 2007 3:02:32 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4
| HGNCid = 1605
| Symbol = CCR4
| AltSymbols =; CC-CKR-4; CKR4; CMKBR4; ChemR13; HGCN:14099; K5-5; MGC88293
| OMIM = 604836
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 21135
| MGIid = 107824
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CCR4_208376_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004945 |text = angiotensin type II receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016493 |text = C-C chemokine receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001764 |text = neuron migration}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006935 |text = chemotaxis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007204 |text = elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1233
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000183813
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005499
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005508
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 32968070
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 32972840
| Hs_Uniprot = P51679
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12773
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000047898
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009916
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034046
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 114339014
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 114345242
| Mm_Uniprot = Q14A03
}}
}}
'''Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4''', also known as '''CCR4''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CCR4 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1233| accessdate = }}</ref>
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor family . It is a receptor for the CC chemokine - MIP-1, RANTES, TARC and MCP-1. Chemokines are a group of small polypeptide, structurally related molecules that regulate cell trafficking of various types of leukocytes. The chemokines also play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the immune system, and they have effects on cells of the central nervous system as well as on endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis or angiostasis.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CCR4 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1233| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Yoshie O |title=Expression of CCR4 in adult T-cell leukemia. |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=46 |issue= 2 |pages= 185-90 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15621800 |doi= 10.1080/10428190400007607 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Power CA, Meyer A, Nemeth K, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning and functional expression of a novel CC chemokine receptor cDNA from a human basophilic cell line. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 33 |pages= 19495-500 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7642634 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hoogewerf A, Black D, Proudfoot AE, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning of murine CC CKR-4 and high affinity binding of chemokines to murine and human CC CKR-4. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=218 |issue= 1 |pages= 337-43 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8573157 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Samson M, Soularue P, Vassart G, Parmentier M |title=The genes encoding the human CC-chemokine receptors CC-CKR1 to CC-CKR5 (CMKBR1-CMKBR5) are clustered in the p21.3-p24 region of chromosome 3. |journal=Genomics |volume=36 |issue= 3 |pages= 522-6 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8884276 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1996.0498 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Imai T, Baba M, Nishimura M, ''et al.'' |title=The T cell-directed CC chemokine TARC is a highly specific biological ligand for CC chemokine receptor 4. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 23 |pages= 15036-42 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9169480 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Imai T, Chantry D, Raport CJ, ''et al.'' |title=Macrophage-derived chemokine is a functional ligand for the CC chemokine receptor 4. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 3 |pages= 1764-8 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9430724 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Struyf S, Proost P, Sozzani S, ''et al.'' |title=Enhanced anti-HIV-1 activity and altered chemotactic potency of NH2-terminally processed macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) imply an additional MDC receptor. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=161 |issue= 6 |pages= 2672-5 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9743322 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Proost P, Struyf S, Schols D, ''et al.'' |title=Truncation of macrophage-derived chemokine by CD26/ dipeptidyl-peptidase IV beyond its predicted cleavage site affects chemotactic activity and CC chemokine receptor 4 interaction. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 7 |pages= 3988-93 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9933589 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Marchese A, Sawzdargo M, Nguyen T, ''et al.'' |title=Discovery of three novel orphan G-protein-coupled receptors. |journal=Genomics |volume=56 |issue= 1 |pages= 12-21 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10036181 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1998.5655 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Campbell JJ, Haraldsen G, Pan J, ''et al.'' |title=The chemokine receptor CCR4 in vascular recognition by cutaneous but not intestinal memory T cells. |journal=Nature |volume=400 |issue= 6746 |pages= 776-80 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10466728 |doi= 10.1038/23495 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Inngjerdingen M, Damaj B, Maghazachi AA |title=Human NK cells express CC chemokine receptors 4 and 8 and respond to thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, macrophage-derived chemokine, and I-309. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=164 |issue= 8 |pages= 4048-54 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10754297 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kato H, Tsuchiya N, Izumi S, ''et al.'' |title=New variations of human CC-chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR4. |journal=Genes Immun. |volume=1 |issue= 2 |pages= 97-104 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11196669 |doi= 10.1038/sj.gene.6363638 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yoshie O, Fujisawa R, Nakayama T, ''et al.'' |title=Frequent expression of CCR4 in adult T-cell leukemia and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-transformed T cells. |journal=Blood |volume=99 |issue= 5 |pages= 1505-11 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11861261 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kim CH, Johnston B, Butcher EC |title=Trafficking machinery of NKT cells: shared and differential chemokine receptor expression among V alpha 24(+)V beta 11(+) NKT cell subsets with distinct cytokine-producing capacity. |journal=Blood |volume=100 |issue= 1 |pages= 11-6 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12070001 |doi= 10.1182/blood-2001-12-0196 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Juremalm M, Olsson N, Nilsson G |title=Selective CCL5/RANTES-induced mast cell migration through interactions with chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR4. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=297 |issue= 3 |pages= 480-5 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12270118 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Soler D, Humphreys TL, Spinola SM, Campbell JJ |title=CCR4 versus CCR10 in human cutaneous TH lymphocyte trafficking. |journal=Blood |volume=101 |issue= 5 |pages= 1677-82 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12406880 |doi= 10.1182/blood-2002-07-2348 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Agrawal L, Vanhorn-Ali Z, Alkhatib G |title=Multiple determinants are involved in HIV coreceptor use as demonstrated by CCR4/CCL22 interaction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=72 |issue= 5 |pages= 1063-74 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12429730 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Uchida T, Suto H, Ra C, ''et al.'' |title=Preferential expression of T(h)2-type chemokine and its receptor in atopic dermatitis. |journal=Int. Immunol. |volume=14 |issue= 12 |pages= 1431-8 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12456591 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ferenczi K, Fuhlbrigge RC, Pinkus J, ''et al.'' |title=Increased CCR4 expression in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=119 |issue= 6 |pages= 1405-10 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12485447 |doi= 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.19610.x }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CCR5... {November 24, 2007 3:02:32 PM PST}
- SEARCH REDIRECT: Control Box Found: CCR5 {November 24, 2007 3:03:03 PM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {November 24, 2007 3:03:05 PM PST}
- SKIP SUMMARY: SKIPPING Summary, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 3:03:05 PM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 3:03:05 PM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: CCR5 {November 24, 2007 3:03:11 PM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on CCR6... {November 24, 2007 3:03:11 PM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: C-C chemokine receptor type 6 {November 24, 2007 3:03:25 PM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {November 24, 2007 3:03:27 PM PST}
- SKIP SUMMARY: SKIPPING Summary, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 3:03:27 PM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 3:03:27 PM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: C-C chemokine receptor type 6 {November 24, 2007 3:03:33 PM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on CCR7... {November 24, 2007 3:03:33 PM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: CCR7 {November 24, 2007 3:03:48 PM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {November 24, 2007 3:03:52 PM PST}
- UPDATE SUMMARY: Updating Summary, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 3:03:52 PM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 3:03:52 PM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: CCR7 {November 24, 2007 3:03:58 PM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on CCR8... {November 24, 2007 3:03:58 PM PST}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 24, 2007 3:04:58 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8
| HGNCid = 1609
| Symbol = CCR8
| AltSymbols =; CDw198; CKR-L1; CKRL1; CMKBR8; CMKBRL2; CY6; GPR-CY6; MGC129966; MGC129973; TER1
| OMIM = 601834
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 21080
| MGIid = 1201402
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CCR8_208059_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015026 |text = coreceptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016493 |text = C-C chemokine receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006935 |text = chemotaxis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007204 |text = elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1237
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000179934
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005192
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005201
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 39346219
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 39351077
| Hs_Uniprot = P51685
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12776
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000042262
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_986843
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_991937
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 119940831
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 119943604
| Mm_Uniprot = Q27VK4
}}
}}
'''Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8''', also known as '''CCR8''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CCR8 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1237| accessdate = }}</ref>
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines and their receptors are important for the migration of various cell types into the inflammatory sites. This receptor protein preferentially expresses in the thymus. I-309, thymus activation-regulated cytokine (TARC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1 beta) have been identified as ligands of this receptor. Studies of this receptor and its ligands suggested its role in regulation of monocyte chemotaxis and thymic cell apoptosis. More specifically, this receptor may contribute to the proper positioning of activated T cells within the antigenic challenge sites and specialized areas of lymphoid tissues. This gene is located at the chemokine receptor gene cluster region.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CCR8 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1237| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Ruibal-Ares BH, Belmonte L, Baré PC, ''et al.'' |title=HIV-1 infection and chemokine receptor modulation. |journal=Curr. HIV Res. |volume=2 |issue= 1 |pages= 39-50 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15053339 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Napolitano M, Zingoni A, Bernardini G, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning of TER1, a chemokine receptor-like gene expressed by lymphoid tissues. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=157 |issue= 7 |pages= 2759-63 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8816377 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Zaballos A, Varona R, Gutiérrez J, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning and RNA expression of two new human chemokine receptor-like genes. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=227 |issue= 3 |pages= 846-53 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8886020 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1595 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Samson M, Stordeur P, Labbé O, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning and chromosomal mapping of a novel human gene, ChemR1, expressed in T lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear cells and encoding a putative chemokine receptor. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=26 |issue= 12 |pages= 3021-8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8977299 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tiffany HL, Lautens LL, Gao JL, ''et al.'' |title=Identification of CCR8: a human monocyte and thymus receptor for the CC chemokine I-309. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=186 |issue= 1 |pages= 165-70 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9207005 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Roos RS, Loetscher M, Legler DF, ''et al.'' |title=Identification of CCR8, the receptor for the human CC chemokine I-309. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 28 |pages= 17251-4 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9211859 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Horuk R, Hesselgesser J, Zhou Y, ''et al.'' |title=The CC chemokine I-309 inhibits CCR8-dependent infection by diverse HIV-1 strains. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 1 |pages= 386-91 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9417093 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Goya I, Gutiérrez J, Varona R, ''et al.'' |title=Identification of CCR8 as the specific receptor for the human beta-chemokine I-309: cloning and molecular characterization of murine CCR8 as the receptor for TCA-3. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=160 |issue= 4 |pages= 1975-81 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9469461 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Jinno A, Shimizu N, Soda Y, ''et al.'' |title=Identification of the chemokine receptor TER1/CCR8 expressed in brain-derived cells and T cells as a new coreceptor for HIV-1 infection. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=243 |issue= 2 |pages= 497-502 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9480837 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8130 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bernardini G, Hedrick J, Sozzani S, ''et al.'' |title=Identification of the CC chemokines TARC and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta as novel functional ligands for the CCR8 receptor. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=28 |issue= 2 |pages= 582-8 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9521068 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Zingoni A, Soto H, Hedrick JA, ''et al.'' |title=The chemokine receptor CCR8 is preferentially expressed in Th2 but not Th1 cells. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=161 |issue= 2 |pages= 547-51 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9670926 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Efremov R, Truong MJ, Darcissac EC, ''et al.'' |title=Human chemokine receptors CCR5, CCR3 and CCR2B share common polarity motif in the first extracellular loop with other human G-protein coupled receptors implications for HIV-1 coreceptor function. |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=263 |issue= 3 |pages= 746-56 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10469138 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Garlisi CG, Xiao H, Tian F, ''et al.'' |title=The assignment of chemokine-chemokine receptor pairs: TARC and MIP-1 beta are not ligands for human CC-chemokine receptor 8. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=29 |issue= 10 |pages= 3210-5 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10540332 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lee S, Tiffany HL, King L, ''et al.'' |title=CCR8 on human thymocytes functions as a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptor. |journal=J. Virol. |volume=74 |issue= 15 |pages= 6946-52 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10888633 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Howard OM, Dong HF, Shirakawa AK, Oppenheim JJ |title=LEC induces chemotaxis and adhesion by interacting with CCR1 and CCR8. |journal=Blood |volume=96 |issue= 3 |pages= 840-5 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10910894 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rosu-Myles M, Khandaker M, Wu DM, ''et al.'' |title=Characterization of chemokine receptors expressed in primitive blood cells during human hematopoietic ontogeny. |journal=Stem Cells |volume=18 |issue= 5 |pages= 374-81 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11007922 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Utaipat U, Duerr A, Rudolph DL, ''et al.'' |title=Coreceptor utilization of HIV type 1 subtype E viral isolates from Thai men with HIV type 1-infected and uninfected wives. |journal=AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses |volume=18 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-11 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11804551 |doi= 10.1089/088922202753394664 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Annunziato F, Cosmi L, Liotta F, ''et al.'' |title=Phenotype, localization, and mechanism of suppression of CD4(+)CD25(+) human thymocytes. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=196 |issue= 3 |pages= 379-87 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12163566 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Spinetti G, Bernardini G, Camarda G, ''et al.'' |title=The chemokine receptor CCR8 mediates rescue from dexamethasone-induced apoptosis via an ERK-dependent pathway. |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=73 |issue= 1 |pages= 201-7 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12525579 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CD97... {November 24, 2007 2:56:19 PM PST}
- UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein CD97 image.jpg {November 24, 2007 2:57:06 PM PST}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {November 24, 2007 2:57:26 PM PST}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: CD97 {November 24, 2007 2:57:36 PM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on CHRM1... {November 24, 2007 2:57:36 PM PST}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 24, 2007 2:58:08 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1
| HGNCid = 1950
| Symbol = CHRM1
| AltSymbols =; HM1; M1; MGC30125
| OMIM = 118510
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20189
| MGIid = 88396
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004435 |text = phosphoinositide phospholipase C activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004981 |text = muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045211 |text = postsynaptic membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006464 |text = protein modification process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007205 |text = protein kinase C activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007207 |text = muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007213 |text = acetylcholine receptor signaling, muscarinic pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007399 |text = nervous system development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008284 |text = positive regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0040012 |text = regulation of locomotion}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1128
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000168539
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000729
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000738
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 62432728
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 62445588
| Hs_Uniprot = P11229
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12669
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000032773
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007698
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031724
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 19
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 8731396
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 8748612
| Mm_Uniprot = Q52KQ0
}}
}}
'''Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1''', also known as '''CHRM1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CHRM1 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1128| accessdate = }}</ref>
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The muscarinic cholinergic receptors belong to a larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. The functional diversity of these receptors is defined by the binding of acetylcholine and includes cellular responses such as adenylate cyclase inhibition, phosphoinositide degeneration, and potassium channel mediation. Muscarinic receptors influence many effects of acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. The muscarinic cholinergic receptor 1 is involved in mediation of vagally-induced bronchoconstriction and in the acid secretion of the gastrointestinal tract. The gene encoding this receptor is localized to 11q13.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CHRM1 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1128| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Goyal RK |title=Muscarinic receptor subtypes. Physiology and clinical implications. |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=321 |issue= 15 |pages= 1022-9 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2674717 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Brann MR, Ellis J, Jørgensen H, ''et al.'' |title=Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes: localization and structure/function. |journal=Prog. Brain Res. |volume=98 |issue= |pages= 121-7 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8248499 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nitsch RM, Slack BE, Wurtman RJ, Growdon JH |title=Release of Alzheimer amyloid precursor derivatives stimulated by activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. |journal=Science |volume=258 |issue= 5080 |pages= 304-7 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1411529 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Arden JR, Nagata O, Shockley MS, ''et al.'' |title=Mutational analysis of third cytoplasmic loop domains in G-protein coupling of the HM1 muscarinic receptor. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=188 |issue= 3 |pages= 1111-5 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1445347 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gutkind JS, Novotny EA, Brann MR, Robbins KC |title=Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes as agonist-dependent oncogenes. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=88 |issue= 11 |pages= 4703-7 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1905013 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chapman CG, Browne MJ |title=Isolation of the human ml (Hml) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gene by PCR amplification. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=18 |issue= 8 |pages= 2191 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2336407 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ashkenazi A, Ramachandran J, Capon DJ |title=Acetylcholine analogue stimulates DNA synthesis in brain-derived cells via specific muscarinic receptor subtypes. |journal=Nature |volume=340 |issue= 6229 |pages= 146-50 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2739737 |doi= 10.1038/340146a0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bonner TI, Buckley NJ, Young AC, Brann MR |title=Identification of a family of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes. |journal=Science |volume=237 |issue= 4814 |pages= 527-32 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3037705 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Peralta EG, Ashkenazi A, Winslow JW, ''et al.'' |title=Distinct primary structures, ligand-binding properties and tissue-specific expression of four human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=6 |issue= 13 |pages= 3923-9 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3443095 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Allard WJ, Sigal IS, Dixon RA |title=Sequence of the gene encoding the human M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=15 |issue= 24 |pages= 10604 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3697105 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Svoboda P, Milligan G |title=Agonist-induced transfer of the alpha subunits of the guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins Gq and G11 and of muscarinic m1 acetylcholine receptors from plasma membranes to a light-vesicular membrane fraction. |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=224 |issue= 2 |pages= 455-62 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7925360 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Crespo P, Xu N, Daniotti JL, ''et al.'' |title=Signaling through transforming G protein-coupled receptors in NIH 3T3 cells involves c-Raf activation. Evidence for a protein kinase C-independent pathway. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 33 |pages= 21103-9 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8063729 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Russell M, Winitz S, Johnson GL |title=Acetylcholine muscarinic m1 receptor regulation of cyclic AMP synthesis controls growth factor stimulation of Raf activity. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=14 |issue= 4 |pages= 2343-51 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8139539 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Offermanns S, Wieland T, Homann D, ''et al.'' |title=Transfected muscarinic acetylcholine receptors selectively couple to Gi-type G proteins and Gq/11. |journal=Mol. Pharmacol. |volume=45 |issue= 5 |pages= 890-8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8190105 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mullaney I, Mitchell FM, McCallum JF, ''et al.'' |title=The human muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptor, when express in CHO cells, activates and downregulates both Gq alpha and G11 alpha equally and non-selectively. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=324 |issue= 2 |pages= 241-5 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8508928 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Courseaux A, Grosgeorge J, Gaudray P, ''et al.'' |title=Definition of the minimal MEN1 candidate area based on a 5-Mb integrated map of proximal 11q13. The European Consortium on Men1, (GENEM 1; Groupe d'Etude des Néoplasies Endocriniennes Multiples de type 1). |journal=Genomics |volume=37 |issue= 3 |pages= 354-65 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8938448 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ishiyama A, López I, Wackym PA |title=Molecular characterization of muscarinic receptors in the human vestibular periphery. Implications for pharmacotherapy. |journal=The American journal of otology |volume=18 |issue= 5 |pages= 648-54 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9303164 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ishizaka N, Noda M, Yokoyama S, ''et al.'' |title=Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in the human iris. |journal=Brain Res. |volume=787 |issue= 2 |pages= 344-7 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9518684 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CHRM2... {November 24, 2007 2:58:08 PM PST}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 24, 2007 2:58:34 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2
| HGNCid = 1951
| Symbol = CHRM2
| AltSymbols =; FLJ43243; HM2; MGC120006; MGC120007
| OMIM = 118493
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20190
| MGIid = 88397
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004981 |text = muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045211 |text = postsynaptic membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007188 |text = G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007197 |text = muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007207 |text = muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007213 |text = acetylcholine receptor signaling, muscarinic pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007399 |text = nervous system development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008016 |text = regulation of heart contraction}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1129
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000181072
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000730
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000739
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 136203956
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 136355539
| Hs_Uniprot = P08172
| Mm_EntrezGene = 243764
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000045613
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_203491
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_987076
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 36453362
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 36454762
| Mm_Uniprot = Q05CZ8
}}
}}
'''Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2''', also known as '''CHRM2''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CHRM2 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1129| accessdate = }}</ref>
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The muscarinic cholinergic receptors belong to a larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. The functional diversity of these receptors is defined by the binding of acetylcholine to these receptors and includes cellular responses such as adenylate cyclase inhibition, phosphoinositide degeneration, and potassium channel mediation. Muscarinic receptors influence many effects of acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. The muscarinic cholinergic receptor 2 is involved in mediation of bradycardia and a decrease in cardiac contractility. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CHRM2 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1129| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Goyal RK |title=Muscarinic receptor subtypes. Physiology and clinical implications. |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=321 |issue= 15 |pages= 1022-9 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2674717 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Brann MR, Ellis J, Jørgensen H, ''et al.'' |title=Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes: localization and structure/function. |journal=Prog. Brain Res. |volume=98 |issue= |pages= 121-7 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8248499 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=van Koppen CJ, Nathanson NM |title=Site-directed mutagenesis of the m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Analysis of the role of N-glycosylation in receptor expression and function. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=265 |issue= 34 |pages= 20887-92 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2249995 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ashkenazi A, Ramachandran J, Capon DJ |title=Acetylcholine analogue stimulates DNA synthesis in brain-derived cells via specific muscarinic receptor subtypes. |journal=Nature |volume=340 |issue= 6229 |pages= 146-50 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2739737 |doi= 10.1038/340146a0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bonner TI, Buckley NJ, Young AC, Brann MR |title=Identification of a family of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes. |journal=Science |volume=237 |issue= 4814 |pages= 527-32 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3037705 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Peralta EG, Ashkenazi A, Winslow JW, ''et al.'' |title=Distinct primary structures, ligand-binding properties and tissue-specific expression of four human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=6 |issue= 13 |pages= 3923-9 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3443095 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Badner JA, Yoon SW, Turner G, ''et al.'' |title=Multipoint genetic linkage analysis of the m2 human muscarinic receptor gene. |journal=Mamm. Genome |volume=6 |issue= 7 |pages= 489-90 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7579899 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Offermanns S, Simon MI |title=G alpha 15 and G alpha 16 couple a wide variety of receptors to phospholipase C. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 25 |pages= 15175-80 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7797501 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Russell M, Winitz S, Johnson GL |title=Acetylcholine muscarinic m1 receptor regulation of cyclic AMP synthesis controls growth factor stimulation of Raf activity. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=14 |issue= 4 |pages= 2343-51 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8139539 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kunapuli P, Onorato JJ, Hosey MM, Benovic JL |title=Expression, purification, and characterization of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK5. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 2 |pages= 1099-105 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8288567 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Haga K, Kameyama K, Haga T, ''et al.'' |title=Phosphorylation of human m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and protein kinase C. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 5 |pages= 2776-82 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8576254 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kostenis E, Conklin BR, Wess J |title=Molecular basis of receptor/G protein coupling selectivity studied by coexpression of wild type and mutant m2 muscarinic receptors with mutant G alpha(q) subunits. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=36 |issue= 6 |pages= 1487-95 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9063897 |doi= 10.1021/bi962554d }}
*{{cite journal | author=Smiley JF, Levey AI, Mesulam MM |title=Infracortical interstitial cells concurrently expressing m2-muscarinic receptors, acetylcholinesterase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase in the human and monkey cerebral cortex. |journal=Neuroscience |volume=84 |issue= 3 |pages= 755-69 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9579781 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=von der Kammer H, Mayhaus M, Albrecht C, ''et al.'' |title=Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors activate expression of the EGR gene family of transcription factors. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 23 |pages= 14538-44 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9603968 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sato KZ, Fujii T, Watanabe Y, ''et al.'' |title=Diversity of mRNA expression for muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in human mononuclear leukocytes and leukemic cell lines. |journal=Neurosci. Lett. |volume=266 |issue= 1 |pages= 17-20 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10336173 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Retondaro FC, Dos Santos Costa PC, Pedrosa RC, Kurtenbach E |title=Presence of antibodies against the third intracellular loop of the m2 muscarinic receptor in the sera of chronic chagasic patients. |journal=FASEB J. |volume=13 |issue= 14 |pages= 2015-20 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10544184 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Waid DK, Chell M, El-Fakahany EE |title=M(2) and M(4) muscarinic receptor subtypes couple to activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. |journal=Pharmacology |volume=61 |issue= 1 |pages= 37-42 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10895079 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Obara K, Arai K, Miyajima N, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA in primary culture of human prostate stromal cells. |journal=Urol. Res. |volume=28 |issue= 3 |pages= 196-200 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10929429 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CHRM3... {November 24, 2007 2:58:34 PM PST}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 24, 2007 2:58:52 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 3
| HGNCid = 1952
| Symbol = CHRM3
| AltSymbols =; HM3
| OMIM = 118494
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20191
| MGIid = 88398
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004435 |text = phosphoinositide phospholipase C activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004981 |text = muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045211 |text = postsynaptic membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006464 |text = protein modification process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006939 |text = smooth muscle contraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007399 |text = nervous system development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007586 |text = digestion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045987 |text = positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1131
| Hs_Ensembl =
| Hs_RefseqProtein = XP_001130695
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = XM_001130695
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr =
| Hs_GenLoc_start =
| Hs_GenLoc_end =
| Hs_Uniprot =
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12671
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000046159
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_033269
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_150372
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 13
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 9876475
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 9878244
| Mm_Uniprot = Q542R4
}}
}}
'''Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 3''', also known as '''CHRM3''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CHRM3 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 3| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1131| accessdate = }}</ref>
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The muscarinic cholinergic receptors belong to a larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. The functional diversity of these receptors is defined by the binding of acetylcholine and includes cellular responses such as adenylate cyclase inhibition, phosphoinositide degeneration, and potassium channel mediation. Muscarinic receptors influence many effects of acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. The muscarinic cholinergic receptor 3 controls smooth muscle contraction and its stimulation causes secretion of glandular tissue.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CHRM3 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 3| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1131| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Goyal RK |title=Muscarinic receptor subtypes. Physiology and clinical implications. |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=321 |issue= 15 |pages= 1022-9 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2674717 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Eglen RM, Reddy H, Watson N, Challiss RA |title=Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in smooth muscle. |journal=Trends Pharmacol. Sci. |volume=15 |issue= 4 |pages= 114-9 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8016895 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Brann MR, Ellis J, Jørgensen H, ''et al.'' |title=Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes: localization and structure/function. |journal=Prog. Brain Res. |volume=98 |issue= |pages= 121-7 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8248499 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gutkind JS, Novotny EA, Brann MR, Robbins KC |title=Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes as agonist-dependent oncogenes. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=88 |issue= 11 |pages= 4703-7 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1905013 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ashkenazi A, Ramachandran J, Capon DJ |title=Acetylcholine analogue stimulates DNA synthesis in brain-derived cells via specific muscarinic receptor subtypes. |journal=Nature |volume=340 |issue= 6229 |pages= 146-50 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2739737 |doi= 10.1038/340146a0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bonner TI, Buckley NJ, Young AC, Brann MR |title=Identification of a family of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes. |journal=Science |volume=237 |issue= 4814 |pages= 527-32 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3037705 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bonner TI, Young AC, Brann MR, Buckley NJ |title=Cloning and expression of the human and rat m5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes. |journal=Neuron |volume=1 |issue= 5 |pages= 403-10 |year= 1990 |pmid= 3272174 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Peralta EG, Ashkenazi A, Winslow JW, ''et al.'' |title=Distinct primary structures, ligand-binding properties and tissue-specific expression of four human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=6 |issue= 13 |pages= 3923-9 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3443095 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Blin N, Yun J, Wess J |title=Mapping of single amino acid residues required for selective activation of Gq/11 by the m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 30 |pages= 17741-8 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7629074 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Crespo P, Xu N, Daniotti JL, ''et al.'' |title=Signaling through transforming G protein-coupled receptors in NIH 3T3 cells involves c-Raf activation. Evidence for a protein kinase C-independent pathway. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 33 |pages= 21103-9 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8063729 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Haga K, Kameyama K, Haga T, ''et al.'' |title=Phosphorylation of human m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and protein kinase C. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 5 |pages= 2776-82 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8576254 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Szekeres PG, Koenig JA, Edwardson JM |title=The relationship between agonist intrinsic activity and the rate of endocytosis of muscarinic receptors in a human neuroblastoma cell line. |journal=Mol. Pharmacol. |volume=53 |issue= 4 |pages= 759-65 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9547368 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=von der Kammer H, Mayhaus M, Albrecht C, ''et al.'' |title=Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors activate expression of the EGR gene family of transcription factors. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 23 |pages= 14538-44 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9603968 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ndoye A, Buchli R, Greenberg B, ''et al.'' |title=Identification and mapping of keratinocyte muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in human epidermis. |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=111 |issue= 3 |pages= 410-6 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9740233 |doi= 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00299.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Goodchild RE, Court JA, Hobson I, ''et al.'' |title=Distribution of histamine H3-receptor binding in the normal human basal ganglia: comparison with Huntington's and Parkinson's disease cases. |journal=Eur. J. Neurosci. |volume=11 |issue= 2 |pages= 449-56 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10051746 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sato KZ, Fujii T, Watanabe Y, ''et al.'' |title=Diversity of mRNA expression for muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in human mononuclear leukocytes and leukemic cell lines. |journal=Neurosci. Lett. |volume=266 |issue= 1 |pages= 17-20 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10336173 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Budd DC, McDonald JE, Tobin AB |title=Phosphorylation and regulation of a Gq/11-coupled receptor by casein kinase 1alpha. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 26 |pages= 19667-75 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10777483 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M000492200 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CHRM4... {November 24, 2007 2:58:52 PM PST}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 24, 2007 2:59:11 PM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4
| HGNCid = 1953
| Symbol = CHRM4
| AltSymbols =; HM4
| OMIM = 118495
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20192
| MGIid = 88399
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004981 |text = muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045211 |text = postsynaptic membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007213 |text = acetylcholine receptor signaling, muscarinic pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1132
| Hs_Ensembl =
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000732
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000741
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr =
| Hs_GenLoc_start =
| Hs_GenLoc_end =
| Hs_Uniprot =
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12672
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000040495
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007699
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031725
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 91728088
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 91729527
| Mm_Uniprot = Q0VBU3
}}
}}
'''Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4''', also known as '''CHRM4''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CHRM4 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1132| accessdate = }}</ref>
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The muscarinic cholinergic receptors belong to a larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. The functional diversity of these receptors is defined by the binding of acetylcholine and includes cellular responses such as adenylate cyclase inhibition, phosphoinositide degeneration, and potassium channel mediation. Muscarinic receptors influence many effects of acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. The clinical implications of this receptor are unknown; however, mouse studies link its function to adenylyl cyclase inhibition.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CHRM4 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1132| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Goyal RK |title=Muscarinic receptor subtypes. Physiology and clinical implications. |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=321 |issue= 15 |pages= 1022-9 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2674717 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Brann MR, Ellis J, Jørgensen H, ''et al.'' |title=Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes: localization and structure/function. |journal=Prog. Brain Res. |volume=98 |issue= |pages= 121-7 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8248499 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Grewal RP, Martinez M, Hoehe M, ''et al.'' |title=Genetic linkage mapping of the m4 human muscarinic receptor (CHRM4). |journal=Genomics |volume=13 |issue= 1 |pages= 239-40 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1577490 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Detera-Wadleigh SD, Wiesch D, Bonner TI |title=An SstI polymorphism for the human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gene, m4 (CHRM 4). |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=17 |issue= 15 |pages= 6431 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2570410 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ashkenazi A, Ramachandran J, Capon DJ |title=Acetylcholine analogue stimulates DNA synthesis in brain-derived cells via specific muscarinic receptor subtypes. |journal=Nature |volume=340 |issue= 6229 |pages= 146-50 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2739737 |doi= 10.1038/340146a0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bonner TI, Buckley NJ, Young AC, Brann MR |title=Identification of a family of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes. |journal=Science |volume=237 |issue= 4814 |pages= 527-32 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3037705 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bonner TI, Young AC, Brann MR, Buckley NJ |title=Cloning and expression of the human and rat m5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes. |journal=Neuron |volume=1 |issue= 5 |pages= 403-10 |year= 1990 |pmid= 3272174 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Peralta EG, Ashkenazi A, Winslow JW, ''et al.'' |title=Distinct primary structures, ligand-binding properties and tissue-specific expression of four human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=6 |issue= 13 |pages= 3923-9 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3443095 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=van Koppen CJ, Lenz W, Nathanson NM |title=Isolation, sequence and functional expression of the mouse m4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gene. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1173 |issue= 3 |pages= 342-4 |year= 1993 |pmid= 7916637 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Haga K, Kameyama K, Haga T, ''et al.'' |title=Phosphorylation of human m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and protein kinase C. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 5 |pages= 2776-82 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8576254 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=von der Kammer H, Mayhaus M, Albrecht C, ''et al.'' |title=Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors activate expression of the EGR gene family of transcription factors. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 23 |pages= 14538-44 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9603968 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Oldenhof J, Vickery R, Anafi M, ''et al.'' |title=SH3 binding domains in the dopamine D4 receptor. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=37 |issue= 45 |pages= 15726-36 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9843378 |doi= 10.1021/bi981634+ }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sato KZ, Fujii T, Watanabe Y, ''et al.'' |title=Diversity of mRNA expression for muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in human mononuclear leukocytes and leukemic cell lines. |journal=Neurosci. Lett. |volume=266 |issue= 1 |pages= 17-20 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10336173 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Dias Neto E, Correa RG, Verjovski-Almeida S, ''et al.'' |title=Shotgun sequencing of the human transcriptome with ORF expressed sequence tags. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=97 |issue= 7 |pages= 3491-6 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10737800 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wang H, Han H, Zhang L, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of multiple subtypes of muscarinic receptors and cellular distribution in the human heart. |journal=Mol. Pharmacol. |volume=59 |issue= 5 |pages= 1029-36 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11306684 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Buchli R, Ndoye A, Arredondo J, ''et al.'' |title=Identification and characterization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes expressed in human skin melanocytes. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biochem. |volume=228 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 57-72 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11855742 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=McClatchy DB, Knudsen CR, Clark BF, ''et al.'' |title=Novel interaction between the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and elongation factor 1A2. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 32 |pages= 29268-74 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12048193 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M203081200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Dean B, McLeod M, Keriakous D, ''et al.'' |title=Decreased muscarinic1 receptors in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia. |journal=Mol. Psychiatry |volume=7 |issue= 10 |pages= 1083-91 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12476323 |doi= 10.1038/sj.mp.4001199 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CHRM5... {November 24, 2007 2:59:11 PM PST}
- SEARCH REDIRECT: Control Box Found: Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 {November 24, 2007 2:59:33 PM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {November 24, 2007 2:59:35 PM PST}
- SKIP SUMMARY: SKIPPING Summary, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 2:59:35 PM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {November 24, 2007 2:59:35 PM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 {November 24, 2007 2:59:41 PM PST}
end log.
