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New York's 1st congressional district
Map
Map
Interactive map of district boundaries
Representative
Distribution
  • 94.94% urban
  • 5.06% rural
Population (2022)775,158[1] [2]
Median household
income		$126,171[3]
Ethnicity
Cook PVIR+3[4]

New York's 1st congressional district is a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in eastern Long Island. It includes the eastern two-thirds of Suffolk County, including the northern portion of Brookhaven, as well as the entirety of the towns of Huntington, Smithtown, Riverhead, Southold, Southampton, East Hampton, and Shelter Island. The district encompasses extremely wealthy enclaves such as the Hamptons, middle class suburban towns such as Selden, Centereach, and Lake Grove, working-class towns such as Riverhead and rural farming communities such as Mattituck and Jamesport on the North Fork. The district currently is represented by Republican Nick LaLota who lives in Amityville, outside of the district.

The district has been a swing district since the 1990s and a Republican-leaning seat since the 2010s. President George W. Bush defeated challenger John Kerry by less than one percentage point in 2004, while in 2008 and 2012, Barack Obama won the district by less than five points. In 2012, New York underwent redistricting, and the 1st district was slightly modified. In the 2014 election, Republican Lee Zeldin defeated Democratic incumbent Tim Bishop, who had represented the district since 2003. Donald Trump won the district by 12 percentage points over Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election. At the same time, Zeldin won a second term, defeating Democratic challenger Anna-Thone Holst by a margin of 15.6%, the largest margin of victory for a Republican since 1998. In 2018, Zeldin won re-election to a third term, narrowly defeating Democratic challenger Perry Gershon by 4.1%. In 2020, the district shifted back in the Democratic direction, with Trump carrying the district by only four points in the 2020 United States presidential election.

In 2022, Republican Nick LaLota defeated Democrat Bridget Fleming in the newly-redrawn district by an approximately ten-point margin. As a result, it was one of 18 districts that would have voted for Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election had they existed in their current configuration while being won or held by a Republican in 2022.

Recent election results in nationwide races

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Year Office Results
1992 President GHW Bush 40–38%
1996 President B. Clinton 51–36%
2000 President Gore 52–44%
2004 President GW Bush 49–49%[a]
2008 President Obama 52–48%
2012 President Obama 50–49%
2016 President Trump 54–42%
2020 President Trump 51–47%

Communities within the district

[edit]

Components: past and present

[edit]

1823–1945:

All of Suffolk, Nassau
Parts of Queens

1945–1963:

All of Suffolk
Parts of Nassau

1963–Present:

Parts of Suffolk

List of members representing the district

[edit]

1789–1813: one seat

[edit]
Member Party Years Cong

ress

Electoral history District counties
District established March 4, 1789

William Floyd (Brookhaven)

Anti-Administration March 4, 1789 –

March 3, 1791

1st Elected in 1789.

Lost re-election.

1789–1793

Kings Queens Richmond Suffolk

Vacant March 4, 1791 –

May 1791

2nd Representative-elect James Townsend died May 24, 1790, before his term began.

Thomas Tredwell (Smithtown)

Anti-Administration May 1791 –

March 3, 1795

2nd
3rd 		Elected April 28, 1791 to finish Townsend's term.

Re-elected in 1793. Moved to the 7th district and lost re-election.

1793–1801

Kings Queens Suffolk

Jonathan Nicoll Havens

(Shelter Island)

Democratic-Republican March 4, 1795 –

October 25, 1799

4th
5th
6th 		Elected in 1794.

Re-elected in 1796. Re-elected in 1798. Died.

Vacant October 25, 1799 –

February 27, 1800

6th

John Smith (Mastic Beach)

Democratic-Republican February 27, 1800 –

February 23, 1804

6th
7th
8th 		Elected to finish Havens's term and seated February 27, 1800.

Re-elected in 1800. Re-elected in 1802. Resigned.

1801–1803

Kings Queens Richmond Suffolk

1803–1809

Queens Suffolk

Vacant February 23, 1804 –

November 5, 1804

8th
Samuel Riker

(Newtown)

Democratic-Republican November 5, 1804 –

March 3, 1805

Elected to finish Smith's term.

[data missing]

Eliphalet Wickes

(Jamaica)

Democratic-Republican March 4, 1805 –

March 3, 1807

9th Elected in 1804.

[data missing]

Samuel Riker

(Newtown)

Democratic-Republican March 4, 1807 –

March 3, 1809

10th Elected in 1806.

[data missing]

Ebenezer Sage

(Sag Harbor)

Democratic-Republican March 4, 1809 –

March 3, 1813

11th
12th 		Elected in 1808.

Re-elected in 1810.

1809–1813

Kings Queens Suffolk

1813–1823: two seats

[edit]

From 1809 to 1823, two seats were apportioned, elected at-large on a general ticket.

Years Cong

ress

  Seat A   Seat B Location
Member Party Electoral history Member Party Electoral history
March 4, 1813 –

March 3, 1815

13th John Lefferts

(Brooklyn)

Democratic-Republican Elected in 1812.

[data missing]

Ebenezer Sage

(Sag Harbor)

Democratic-Republican Re-elected in 1812.

[data missing]

1813–1823

1st and 2nd Ward of New York County, and Kings, Queens, Suffolk and Richmond counties.

March 4, 1815 –

March 3, 1817

14th Henry Crocheron

(Castletown)

Democratic-Republican Elected in 1814.

[data missing]

George Townsend

(Oyster Bay)

Democratic-Republican Elected in 1814
March 4, 1817 –

March 3, 1819

15th Tredwell Scudder

(Islip)

Democratic-Republican Elected in 1816.

Retired.

Re-elected in 1816.

[data missing]

March 4, 1819 –

January 14, 1820

16th

Silas Wood (Huntington)

Federalist Elected in 1818.

Re-elected in 1821. Became the sole representative from the district in 1823.

Vacant Credentials had been issued for Ebenezer Sage (Dem.-Rep.), but Sage did not take or claim the seat, see 1818 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
January 14, 1820 –

March 3, 1821

James Guyon Jr.

(Richmond)

Democratic-Republican Successfully contested the election of Ebenezer Sage.

[data missing]

March 4, 1821 –

December 12, 1821

17th Vacant Credentials had been issued for Peter Sharpe (Dem.-Rep.), but Sharpe did not take or claim the seat, see 1821 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
December 12, 1821 –

March 3, 1823

Cadwallader D. Colden (New York)

Federalist Successfully contested the election of Peter Sharpe.

[data missing]

1823–present: one seat

[edit]
Member Party Years Cong

ress

Electoral history District location

Silas Wood (Huntington)

Federalist March 4, 1823 –

March 3, 1829

18th
19th
20th 		Re-elected in 1822.

Re-elected in 1824. Re-elected in 1826. Lost re-election.

1823–1833

Queens and Suffolk counties.

Anti-Jacksonian
James Lent

(Newtown)

Jacksonian March 4, 1829 –

February 22, 1833

21st
22nd 		Elected in 1828.

Re-elected in 1830. Died.

Vacant February 22, 1833 –

March 3, 1833

22nd
Abel Huntington

(East Hampton)

Jacksonian March 4, 1833 –

March 3, 1837

23rd
24th 		Elected in 1832.

Re-elected in 1834. Lost re-election.

1833–1843

[data missing]

Thomas B. Jackson

(Newtown)

Democratic March 4, 1837 –

March 3, 1841

25th
26th 		Elected in 1836.

Re-elected in 1838. Retired.

Charles A. Floyd

(Commack)

Democratic March 4, 1841 –

March 3, 1843

27th Elected in 1840.

[data missing]

Selah B. Strong (Setauket)

Democratic March 4, 1843 –

March 3, 1845

28th Elected in 1842.

Retired.

1843–1853

[data missing]

John W. Lawrence (Flushing)

Democratic March 4, 1845 –

March 3, 1847

29th Elected in 1844.

Retired.

Frederick W. Lord

(Greenport)

Democratic March 4, 1847 –

March 3, 1849

30th Elected in 1846.

[data missing]

John Alsop King (Jamaica)

Whig March 4, 1849 –

March 3, 1851

31st Elected in 1848.

[data missing]

John G. Floyd (Mastic )

Democratic March 4, 1851 –

March 3, 1853

32nd Elected in 1850.

[data missing]

James Maurice (Maspeth)

Democratic March 4, 1853 –

March 3, 1855

33rd Elected in 1852.

Retired.

1853–1863

[data missing]

William Valk

(Flushing)

Know Nothing March 4, 1855 –

March 3, 1857

34th Elected in 1854.

Lost re-election.

John A. Searing

(Hempstead Branch)

Democratic March 4, 1857 –

March 3, 1859

35th Elected in 1856.

Retired.

Luther C. Carter

(Flushing)

Republican March 4, 1859 –

March 3, 1861

36th Elected in 1858.

Lost re-election.

Edward H. Smith (Smithtown)

Democratic March 4, 1861 –

March 3, 1863

37th Elected in 1860.

Retired.

Henry G. Stebbins (New Brighton)

Democratic March 4, 1863 –

October 24, 1864

38th Elected in 1862.

Resigned.

1863–1873

[data missing]

Vacant October 24, 1864 –

December 5, 1864

Dwight Townsend (Clifton)

Democratic December 5, 1864 –

March 3, 1865

Elected to finish Stebbins's term.

[data missing]

Stephen Taber (Roslyn)

Democratic March 4, 1865 –

March 3, 1869

39th
40th 		Elected in 1864.

Re-elected in 1866. [data missing]

Henry A. Reeves (Greenport)

Democratic March 4, 1869 –

March 3, 1871

41st Elected in 1868.

[data missing]

Dwight Townsend (Stapleton)

Democratic March 4, 1871 –

March 3, 1873

42nd Elected in 1870.

[data missing]

Henry J. Scudder (New York)

Republican March 4, 1873 –

March 3, 1875

43rd Elected in 1872.

Retired.

1873–1885

[data missing]

Henry B. Metcalfe (Westfield)

Democratic March 4, 1875 –

March 3, 1877

44th Elected in 1874.

[data missing]

James W. Covert (Flushing)

Democratic March 4, 1877 –

March 3, 1881

45th
46th 		Elected in 1876.

Re-elected in 1878. [data missing]

Perry Belmont (Babylon)

Democratic March 4, 1881 –

December 1, 1888

47th
48th
49th
50th 		Elected in 1880.

Re-elected in 1882. Re-elected in 1884. Re-elected in 1886. Resigned to become U.S. Minister to Spain.

1885–1893

Queens County, Richmond County, and Suffolk County[5]

Vacant December 1, 1888 –

March 3, 1889

50th

James W. Covert (Long Island City)

Democratic March 4, 1889 –

March 3, 1895

51st
52nd
53rd 		Elected in 1888.

Re-elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. [data missing]

1893–1903

Queens County and Suffolk County[6]

Richard C. McCormick (Jamaica)

Republican March 4, 1895 –

March 3, 1897

54th Elected in 1894.

Retired.

Joseph M. Belford (Riverhead)

Republican March 4, 1897 –

March 3, 1899

55th Elected in 1896.

Retired.

Townsend Scudder (Oyster Bay)

Democratic March 4, 1899 –

March 3, 1901

56th Elected in 1898.

Retired.

Frederic Storm (Queens)

Republican March 4, 1901 –

March 3, 1903

57th Elected in 1900.

Lost re-election.

Townsend Scudder (Glen Head)

Democratic March 4, 1903 –

March 3, 1905

58th Elected in 1902.

Retired.

1903–1913

Queens County (partial), Suffolk County, and Nassau County[7]

William W. Cocks (Westbury)

Republican March 4, 1905 –

March 3, 1911

59th
60th
61st 		Elected in 1904.

Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Lost re-election.

Martin W. Littleton (Port Washington)

Democratic March 4, 1911 –

March 3, 1913

62nd Elected in 1910.

Retired.

Lathrop Brown (St. James)

Democratic March 4, 1913 –

March 3, 1915

63rd Elected in 1912.

Lost re-election.

1913–1933

[data missing]

Vacant March 4, 1915 –

January 4, 1916

64th The 1914 election, which was decided by only 10 votes, was tied up in the courts until December 1915.[8]

Frederick C. Hicks (Port Washington)

Republican January 4, 1916 –

March 3, 1923

64th
65th
66th
67th 		Elected in 1914.

Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Re-elected in 1920. Retired.

Robert L. Bacon (Old Westbury)

Republican March 4, 1923 –

September 12, 1938

68th
69th
70th
71st
72nd
73rd
74th
75th 		Elected in 1922.

Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Died.

1933–1943

[data missing]

Vacant September 12, 1938 –

January 3, 1939

75th

Leonard W. Hall (Oyster Bay)

Republican January 3, 1939 –

January 3, 1945

76th
77th
78th 		Elected in 1938.

Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Redistricted to the 2nd congressional district.

1943–1953

[data missing]

Edgar A. Sharp (Patchogue)

Republican January 3, 1945 –

January 3, 1947

79th Elected in 1944.

Retired.

W. Kingsland Macy (Islip)

Republican January 3, 1947 –

January 3, 1951

80th
81st 		Elected in 1946.

Re-elected in 1948. Lost re-election.

Ernest Greenwood (Bay Shore)

Democratic January 3, 1951 –

January 3, 1953

82nd Elected in 1950.

Lost re-election.

Stuyvesant Wainwright (Wainscott)

Republican January 3, 1953 –

January 3, 1961

83rd
84th
85th
86th 		Elected in 1952.

Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Lost re-election.

1953–1963

[data missing]

Otis G. Pike (Riverhead)

Democratic January 3, 1961 –

January 3, 1979

87th
88th
89th
90th
91st
92nd
93rd
94th
95th 		Elected in 1960.

Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Retired.

1963–1973

[data missing]

1973–1983

[data missing]

William Carney (Hauppauge)

Conservative January 3, 1979 –

October 7, 1985

96th
97th
98th
99th 		Elected in 1978.

Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Changed parties. Retired.

Republican October 7, 1985 –

January 3, 1987

1983–1993

[data missing]

George J. Hochbrueckner (Coram)

Democratic January 3, 1987 –

January 3, 1995

100th
101st
102nd
103rd 		Elected in 1986.

Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Lost re-election.

1993–2003

[data missing]

Michael Forbes (Quogue)

Republican January 3, 1995 –

July 17, 1999

104th
105th
106th 		Elected in 1994.

Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Lost renomination.

Democratic July 17, 1999 –

January 3, 2001

Felix Grucci (Brookhaven)

Republican January 3, 2001 –

January 3, 2003

107th Elected in 2000.

Lost re-election.

Tim Bishop (Southampton)

Democratic January 3, 2003 –

January 3, 2015

108th
109th
110th
111th
112th
113th 		Elected in 2002.

Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Lost re-election.

2003–2013

2013–2023

Lee Zeldin (Shirley)

Republican January 3, 2015 –

January 3, 2023

114th
115th
116th
117th 		Elected in 2014.

Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Retired to run for Governor of New York.

Nick LaLota (Amityville)

Republican January 3, 2023 –

present

118th Elected in 2022. 2023–2025

Recent election results

[edit]

New York State is one of only eight states where candidates can run for office under the banner of more than one party, and New York is the only state where such cross-endorsement (often called electoral fusion), regularly occurs. The passage of the Wilson Pakula Act in the state legislature in 1947 established this electoral process in New York. Candidates for office routinely run with the endorsement of a major political party as well as one or two other minor parties. Some parties merely exist as a vessel for an individual candidate, while others are formally organized and are regularly found on the ballot. In determining an election winner, the votes for a candidate are totaled across all the party lines on a ballot on which a candidate is running.

U.S. House of Representatives election, 1996: New York District 1
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Party/Conservative Party/Independence Party/Right-to-Life Party Michael P. Forbes (Incumbent) 116,620 54.7 {{{change}}}
Democratic Party/Save Medicare Party Nora L. Bredes 96,496 45.3
Majority 20,124 9.4
Turnout 213,116

22,390 Blank/Scattered/Void votes not included in the above totals. Michael P. Forbes vote by party line: Republican Party (90,001), Conservative Party (11,962), Independence Party (6,599) and Right-To-Life Party (8,058). Nora L. Bredes vote by party line: Democratic Party (93,816), Save Medicare (2,680).

U.S. House of Representatives election, 1998: New York District 1
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Michael P. Forbes (Incumbent) 99,460 64.1 Increase 9.4
Democratic William G. Holst 55,630 35.9 Decrease 9.4
Majority 43,830 28.3 Increase 18.9
Turnout 155,090 100 Decrease 27.2
U.S. House of Representatives election, 2000: New York District 1
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Felix Grucci 133,020 55.5 Decrease 8.6
Democratic Regina Seltzer 97,299 40.6 Increase 4.7
None Michael P. Forbes (Incumbent) 6,318 2.6 Increase 2.6
Green William G. Holst 2,967 1.2 Increase 1.2
Majority 35,721 14.9 Decrease 13.4
Turnout 239,604 100 Increase 54.5
U.S. House of Representatives election, 2002: New York District 1
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Timothy H. Bishop 84,276 50.2 Increase 9.6
Republican Felix Grucci (Incumbent) 81,524 48.6 Decrease 6.9
Green Lorna Salzman 1,991 1.2 Steady 0.0
Majority 2,752 1.6 Decrease 13.3
Turnout 167,791 100 Decrease 30.0
U.S. House of Representatives election, 2004: New York District 1
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Timothy H. Bishop (Incumbent) 156,354 56.2 Increase 6.0
Republican William M. Manger, Jr. 121,855 43.8 Decrease 4.8
Majority 34,499 12.4 Increase 10.8
Turnout 278,209 100 Increase 65.8
U.S. House of Representatives election, 2006: New York District 1
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Timothy H. Bishop (Incumbent) 104,360 62.2 Increase 6.0
Republican Italo Zanzi 63,328 37.8 Decrease 6.0
Majority 41,032 24.5 Increase 12.1
Turnout 167,688 100 Decrease 39.7
U.S. House of Representatives election, 2008: New York District 1
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Timothy H. Bishop (Incumbent) 162,083 58.4 Decrease 3.8
Republican Lee M. Zeldin 115,545 41.6 Increase 3.8
Majority 46,538 16.8 Decrease 7.7
Turnout 277,628 100 Increase 65.6
U.S. House of Representatives election, 2010: New York District 1
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Timothy H. Bishop (Incumbent) 98,316 50.2 Decrease 8.2
Republican Randy Altschuler 97,723 49.8 Increase 8.2
Majority 593 0.4 Decrease 16.4
Turnout 196,039 100 Decrease 29.4
U.S. House of Representatives election, 2012: New York District 1
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Timothy H. Bishop (Incumbent) 132,525 52.2 Increase 2.0
Republican Randy Altschuler 121,478 47.8 Decrease 2.0
Majority 11,047 4.3 Increase 3.9
Turnout 254,003 100 Increase 22.8
U.S. House of Representatives election, 2014: New York District 1
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Lee Zeldin 94,035 53.2 Increase 5.4
Democratic Timothy H. Bishop (Incumbent) 78,722 44.6 Decrease 7.6
Majority 15,313 8.6 Increase 4.3
Turnout 176,719 100 Decrease 30.4
U.S. House of Representatives election, 2016: New York District 1
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Lee Zeldin (Incumbent) 188,499 58.2 Increase 2.0
Democratic Anna Throne-Holst 135,278 41.8 Decrease 5.0
Majority 53,221 15.6 Increase 7.0
Turnout 341,554 100 Increase 93.3
U.S. House of Representatives election, 2018: New York District 1
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Lee Zeldin (Incumbent) 139,027 51.5 Decrease 3.7
Democratic Perry Gershon 127,991 47.4 Increase 7.8
Majority 12,036 4.1 Decrease 11.5
Turnout 270,006 100 Decrease 73.1
U.S. House of Representatives election, 2020: New York District 1
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Lee Zeldin (Incumbent) 205,714 54.86 Increase 3.36
Democratic Nancy Goroff 169,294 45.14 Decrease 2.26
Majority 36,420 9.72 Increase 5.62
Turnout 375,116 100 Increase 38.9
U.S. House of Representatives election, 2022: New York District 1
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Nick LaLota 177,040 55.5 Increase 0.6
Democratic Bridget Fleming 141,907 44.49 Decrease 0.6
Majority 35,133 11.0 Increase 1.2
Turnout 318,995 100 Decrease 14.9

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ 2004 margin was <1%

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Congressional District 1, NY". Census Reporter. 2022.
  2. ^ "NEW YORK CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS BY URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION AND LAND AREA". U.S. Census. 2010.
  3. ^ Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. "My Congressional District". www.census.gov.
  4. ^ "2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI) District List". The Cook Political Report. July 12, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2023.
  5. ^ Parsons, Stanley B.; Dubin, Michael J.; Parsons, Karen Toombs (1990). United States Congressional Districts, 1883-1913. ISBN 9780313264825.
  6. ^ Parsons, Stanley B.; Dubin, Michael J.; Parsons, Karen Toombs (1990). United States Congressional Districts, 1883-1913. ISBN 9780313264825.
  7. ^ Parsons, Stanley B.; Dubin, Michael J.; Parsons, Karen Toombs (1990). United States Congressional Districts, 1883-1913. ISBN 9780313264825.
  8. ^ "Mr. Hicks to Take Seat From First District New York". Washington Evening Star. December 24, 1915.
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