User:Petusek/Drafts/Northeast Caucasian

Nakh-Daghestanian

Nakh-Daghestanian Consonant Correspondences

From Nichols (2003)

PEC	Nakh	Avar-Andic			Tsezic		Lak	Dargi	Lezgic						Khinalug
		Avar	Andi	Axvax	Tsez	Bezhta			Lezghi	Tabassaran	Agul	Rutul	Archi	Udi
b	b	b	b	b	b	b	pp/b	b	pp/b	b, w	b, w	b, w	b	b	b, v
(p)		p	p	h			p	p				p	p
(d)		d	d	d	d	d	tt/d	d	tt/d	d/z	d/z	d/z	d/tt/-r		z
t’	t’	t’	t’	t’	t’	t’	t’	t’	t’	t’	t’	t’	t’	t’	t’
t	t	t	t	t			t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t
dz	-tt	ts’	tts’/z	tts’/z	ts	ts	tts/z	tts	tts/dz	dz	z	z	ts	z	ts’
ts’	ts’	ʧ’	ts’	ts’	ts’	ts’	ts’	ts’	ts’	ts’	ts’	ts’	ts’	Ø / ts’	ts/
tts’	ts’ / ?	tts’ // ts’	tts’	tts’	ts	ts	ts’	z	t’ / t	tts	tt	d / t	ts’	ts’ / ʧ’	ts’
ts	ts	sh	s	ʧ	s	s	ts	ts	{s / ts}	s / ts	s / ts	s / ts	s	Ø / s	ts
st	st/st’	ts	s	ʧ	s	s	ts	ts	{s / ts}	s / ts	s / ts	s / ts	s	s	ts
tts	ts- / -tt	(ts)	tts	tts	s / -z-		ss	ts	z	(ts / ʧ)	ts / ʧ		s / ʃ	ʧ	ts
stt	st	ts	ss		s		ss	s			s		ss
dʒ	-tt	ts’	tʧ’/dʒ	tʧ’/dʒ	ʧ	ʧ	tʧ’/ʧ’	ts	tʧ/dʒ	dʒ	dʒ		ʧ	dʒ, ʧ	ʧ’
ʧ’	ʧ’	ʧ’	ʧ’	ʧ’	ʧ’		ʧ’	ts’, ʧ’	ʧ’	ʧ’	ʧ’	ʧ’	ʧ’	Ø	ʧ’
tʧ’	-tt	tʧ’ // ʧ’	tʧ’	tʧ’	ʧ		ts’, ʧ’	(ʒ)	ʧ’ (/ ʧ)	tʧ, ʧ’ ?	tʧ	ʧ		ʧ’	ʧ’
ʧ		ts ?	ʧ	ʧ	ʃ	ʃ	ts, ʧ	ʧ	{ʃ / ʧ}	ʃ / ʧ	? / ʧ	ʃ / ʧ	ʃ	Ø / ʃ	ʧ
tʧ	ʧ- / -tt	(ʧ)	tʧ	tʧ			tʧ			ʧ, dʒ		ʃ	ʃ	ʧ
(dɮ)			ttɬ	ttɬ			kk/l		kk/ɣʲ	ɣʲ	j, xʲ	j/w/xʲ	ttɬ	ɣ/l	k’
tɬ’	q’	t’	tɬ’	tɬ’	tɬ’		k’	k’	q’	k’	k’	q’	k’	Ø / q’	k’/g
ttɬ’	ʕ	ttɬ’ // tɬ’	ttɬ’, tɬ’	ttɬ’	tɬ	tɬ	k’	(g) q?	k’ / k	kk	kk	q’, q	tɬ’	q’	k’ / kk
tɬ	x	ɬ	ɬ	tɬ	ɬ	ɬ	xʲ	k	xʲ	xʲ	xʲ		ɬ	Ø / x	k
ttɬ	x	tɬ	ttɬ / tɬ	ttɬ / tɬ	ɬ, -l-		xx	xʲxʲ, kk	ɣʲ, g	xʲ	x	xʲ	ɬ, ɬɬ	q	k / xʲ
g	g	g	g	g	k’	g	kk	g	kk	g	g	g	kk/g	k’	k’/kk
k’	k’	k’	k’	k’	k’	k’	k’	k’	k’	k’	k’	k’	k’	k’	k’/g
(kk’)		kk’ //	kk’	kk’	k
k	k	k	k	k	k	k	k	k	k	k	k	k	k	k	k
(kk)	xk ?	(k)	(kk)	xʲ					ɣ	q		x	x	q	k
(ɢ)		q’	qq’/ɣ	qq’/ɣ	q	q	qq/ɣ		qq/ɣ	ɣ	ɣ	ɣ	q	ɣ	q’
(q’)	(?)	q’	q’	q’	q’	q’	q’/j	q’	q’	q’	q’	q’	q’	Ø	q’
qq’	q’	qq’ // q’, gh	qq’	qq’	q		q’	ʕ	q’ / q	qq’	qq	q’ / q	qq’, q’	q’	q’
q	q	x	x	q	x ?		q	q	{x / q}	x / q	x / q	x / q	x	Ø / ?	q
qq	-qq
{ʕ}
{ʔ}
s	s	s // ʃ	s	s	z	z	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s
(ss)			ss	ss	s		ss	s				ss / h	ss / h		h
ʃ	ʃ	(ʃ) //	ʃ	ʃ	ʒ		s, s	ʃ, s	ʃ	ʃ	ʃ	ʃ	ʃ	ʃ	ʃ
ʃʃ	ʃ	x	ʃʃ	ʃʃ	ʃ		ʃʃ	ʃ	ʃ	ʃ			ʃʃ
ɬ	x		ɬ	ɬ	l	ɬ ?	xʲ / ʃ	xʲ	ɣʲ	xʲ	xʲ	xʲ / ħ	ɬ	x	xʲ
ɬɬ	x	ɬ	ɬɬ	ɬɬ	ɬ		xx	xʲ / ʃ	j	ʃ	xʲ	xʲ / ħ	ɬɬ	x	xʲ
(x)		x // h	x	x	ɣ			x	ɣ	x	x	x	x	x	x
(xx)	x	x	xx	xx	x	x	xx	?	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
m	m	m/n	m	m	m	m	m/n	m	m	m/b	m	m/b	m	m	m
n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n
l	l- / -r	l / r	l, r	l, r, Ø	l, r	l, r	l, Ø	l	l	l		l	l	l	l
r	-r-, d- ?	r	r	r	r / l / Ø	-r-	r	r	r		r		r	r	Ø, r; n / _C