Haida comparative list

L1977 = Lawrence, Erma and Jeff Leer (1977). Haida Dictionary. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center.

B1891 = Boas, Franz (1916). Vocabularies of the Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian Languages. (Read before the American Philological Society, October 2, 1891)

JL = Jordan Lachler, personal communication :-) (Thanks a lot, Jordan!)

Index	Concept	Kaigani Alaskan	Masset Northern	Skidegate Southern	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Yeniseian	Amerind	Notes
1	louse	t'am [tʼəm]	N ?	S ?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Yeniseian	Amerind	cf. PTsez ̣*tʼɨma "nit"
2	two	sdáng [stʌŋ]	N ?	S ?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Yeniseian	Amerind	cf. PTsez qʼʷɨ-nV A "two"
3	water	g̱ándl [ʡ͡ʜʌnt͡ɬ]	N ?	S ?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	xur1 // (k)uʎ(ǝ)	Amerind	cf. PY xur1 // (k)uʎ(ǝ) cf. PTsez ʎ:ɨ̃ B "water" < PEC xxänɦɨ
4	ear	gyúu [kjuː]	N ?	S ?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	*ʔɔ[gde/qtV]	Amerind	cf. PTsez *ʔãẋa
5	die	k'ut'ahl [kʼʊtʼəɬ]	N ?	S ?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	*qɔ-	Amerind	B1891 /g˙ʼōtʼutl/ means "dead" cf. PY qɔ-<br>cf. PY qōGV "hunt, kill" cf. PY ẋV(n)t- "body" cf. PTsez *=iẋʷ-
6.1	I (a)	díi [tiː]	N ?	S ?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	ʔaʒ // ad(')(ǝ)	Amerind	cf. PTsez *dǝ
6.2	I (b)	hl(áa) [ɬ(aː)]	N ?	S ?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Yeniseian	Amerind	Skidegate hll (with syllabic l)
7	liver	tl'ak'úl [t͡ɬʼǝkʼʊl]	N ?	S ?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	~--sEnt' or ~--xyEnt'	*seŋ	Amerind	cf. PY tV[p/b]Vĺ- "spleen" cf. PTsez žebu B
8	eye	x̱áng [ħʌŋ]	N ?	S ?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	T wa‘ɢ, PAE *neˑχ	Amerind	cf. PY [q/ẋ]ɔŋ "face" cf. PTsez ħɔre B
9	hand	stláay [st͡ɬʰaːj]	N ?	S ?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	~*--(S-)ts'i()G "finger", PA ɬaʼŋ	*ŕɔŋ	Amerind	cf. PY tǝʔq // t^hǝʔq "finger" cf. PY ŕɔŋ "hand" cf. PTsez kʷɨrV
10	hear	gudáng [kʊtʌŋ]	N ?	S ?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	~D-'yanG "to be heard": ~di'yanG varying with ~*d'yanG "it is heard"	Amerind	cf. PY [ʔ/x/h]eq- "to hear" cf. Tsez tuqʷ- B
11	tree	ḵíit [qʰiːt]	N ?	S ?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind	Boas k˙ʼātlʼat seems to be another word. cf. PY [ʔ/x]ɔksi // (x)o[k/t]si
12	fish	chíin [t͡ʃʰiːn]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind	Boas has tcitl cf. PY c[ī]k // t'iʔǝgǝ "snake, fish"
13	name	kyaa [kʰjæː]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	~wE-sxe()(w) or ~u:-sxe()(w)	Amerind	kyaa "a name", ki'íi "someone's name", díi ki'íi "your name" (The -ii ending is a fairly frequent one on inalienably possessed nouns) cf. PY ʔiG // igǝ cf. PY *qäʔG "word"
14.1	stone(a)	tl'ak'(a) [t͡ɬʼǝkʼ(ǝ)]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind	"sharpening stone"
14.2	stone(b)	ḵwaa [qʰwaː]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	~*kya(:)y "rock, stone"	Amerind	The Boas g˙ōtaʹ is mysterious. cf. PY čɨʔs // t'ɨʔs
15	tooth	ts'áng [t͡sʼʌŋ]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind
16.1	breasts(a)	ḵán [qʰʌn]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind	L1977 /ḵán/ means "chest"
16.2	breasts(b)	tl'ánuu [t͡ɬʼɨnuː]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	~*(S-)ts'aw "(female) breast, breast milk"	Amerind	L1977 /tl'ánuu/ means "female breast"
17	thou	dáng [tʌŋ]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind
18	path	k'yúu [kʼjuː]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind
19	bone	skuj [skʰʊt͡s]	N?	skuuji	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind	Some Alaskan speakers say [t͡ʃ] instead of [t͡s]
20	tongue	t'áangal [tʼaːŋǝl]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	Pre-Tlingit ~*--L-ts'aw-t' "suck-DISTRIB" > Tlingit --L'u't' "tongue"	Amerind
21	skin	ḵ'ál [qʼʌl]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	~*--xyets' "skin (of fish)"	Amerind
22.1	night(a)	sángyaa [sʌŋjaː]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind	"evening" cf. PY siɢ // šigǝ "night"; saGar1 // sagaʎ "to spend the night"
22.2	night(b)	g̱áal [ʡ͡ʜaːl]	N?	S?	Tlingit g̱íid	~*xye()-L "evening"	Amerind	Enrico: a cognate of Tlingit g̱íid "dark" PAET instrumental noun suffix -L cf. PY ẋoʔn- // *qoʔn "dark"
23	leaf(a)	xíl [xɪl]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind	Boas dlk˙ʼaʹñgual is mysterious.
24	blood	g̱áy[ʡ͡ʜʌi]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	~*kye/i()	Amerind	cf. PY *sur
25	horn	nasáang [nǝsaːŋ]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind
26.1	person	x̱aad(as) [ʜaːt(ǝs)]	N?	x̱aayda	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind	X_aayda in Skidegate. x_aad or x_aadas in the north... x_aat'áay 'the people'
26.2	person	nang [nǝŋ]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind	"someone" cf. PY dǝʔq- "to live" cf. Eskimo ǝnǝ "house, dwelling"
27	knee	ḵ'ulúu [qʼʊluː]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	~*--Gunt'	Amerind	cf. PY g[i]d "elbow, joint; to bend" cf. PY ken- "shouler joint"
28	one	sg̱wáansang [sʡ͡ʜwaːnsəŋ]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	~*kyi:w(-C) "first"	Amerind	cf. PY [q/ẋ]an- "to become, begin" cf. PY -saŋ "to begin" PY *ẋu-sa
29	nose	kún [kʰʊn]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind	cf. PY *xaŋ
30	full	st'ah [stʼəh]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind
31	come					-	-
32	star	k'aayhlt'áa [kʼaːjɬtʼaː]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind	Boas has k˙ʼēʹitsāō cf. PY *qɔ̄qa
33.1	mountain(a)					-	tʼēʹis	cf. PAET ~kya(:)y "rock, stone" cf. PY čɨʔs // *t'ɨʔs cf. STONE above
33.2	mountain(b)	tlat'awáay [t͡ɬʰətʼəwaːj]				tlat'awáay	tldērāʹu	tlat'a'áaw is the basic form for 'a mountain' ... tlat'aawáay would be 'the mountain'
34	fire	ts'áanuu [t͡sʼaːnuː]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind
35.1	we(a)	íitl' [iːt͡ɬʼ]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind
35.2	we(b)	t'aláng/tl'áng [tʼ(ə)lʌŋ, t͡ɬʼʌŋ]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind
36	drink	g̱aníihl, níihl [ʡ͡ʜəniːɬ]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind	Boas has qutl
37	see	ḵíng [qʰɪŋ]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	~*O-s-kyo:ng "see O"	Amerind	cf. PY *[q/ẋ]o-
38	new	g̱áwtlaa [ʡ͡ʜʌwt͡ɬʰaː]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind	cf. PY giʔ // kiʔ cf. PY tu[l/r]- // thul-
39	dog	x̱a [ħə]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	~*kyey-L "barker"	Amerind	PAET ~*kyey-L "barker" > "dog" in Tlingit
40	sun	juuyáay [d͡ʒuːjaːj]	N?	S?	Enrico's Na-Dene Comparison	AET	Amerind	dzidlg˙oē cf. PY xiGa // (h)egǝ

AET list

AET 40-word list...

Index	Concept	Tlingit
1	louse	wéis'
2	two	déix_
3	water	héen
4	ear	du gúk
5	die	<unknown>
6	I	x_át
7	liver	tl'óog_u
8	eye	du waak_
9	hand	du jín
10	tree	aas (evergreen)
11	fish	<unknown>
12	name	saa
13	stone	té
14	tooth	du oox_
15	chest	du wóow/woowká
16	breast	du l'aa
17	thou	wa.é
18	path	dei
19	bone	s'aak_, du s'aag_í
20	tongue	du l'óot'
21.1	skin1	a doogú: its skin (hide) (n)
21.2	skin2	a xás'i: its skin (fish) (n)
21.3	skin3	du ch'áatwu: his skin (surface) (n)
21.4	skin4	du dook: his skin (complexion) (n)
22	night	taat
23	leaf	(kayaaní) "leaves, blossom"
24	blood	du sheiyí: his blood (n), shé
25	horn	a sheidí
26	person1	leengít, lingít
27	person2	k_áa (man)
28	knee	du keey
29	one	du tléix'
30	nose	du lú
31	full	<unknown>
32	star	k_utx_ ayanahá
33	mountain	shaa
34	fire	x_'aan
35	we	uháan
36	drink	<unknown>
37	see	<unknown>
38	new	<unknown>
39	dog	keitl
40	sun	g_agaan

Haida basic list

Haida 40-word list...

Index	Concept	Kaigani Alaskan	Masset Northern	Skidegate Southern
1	louse	t'am [tʼəm]	N ?	S ?
2	two	sdáng [stʌŋ]	N ?	S ?
3	water	g̱ándl [ʡ͡ʜʌnt͡ɬ]	N ?	S ?
4	ear	gyúu [kjuː]	N ?	S ?
5	die	k'ut'ahl [kʼʊtʼəɬ]	N ?	S ?
6.1	I (a)	díi [tiː]	N ?	S ?
6.2	I (b)	hl(áa) [ɬ(aː)]	N ?	S ?
7	liver	tl'ak'úl [t͡ɬʼǝkʼʊl]	N ?	S ?
8	eye	x̱áng [ħʌŋ]	N ?	S ?
9	hand	stláay [st͡ɬʰaːj]	N ?	S ?
10	hear	gudáng [kʊtʌŋ]	N ?	S ?
11	tree	ḵíit [qʰiːt]	N ?	S ?
12	fish	chíin [t͡ʃʰiːn]	N?	S?
13	name	kyaa [kʰjæː]	N?	S?
14	stone	ḵwaa [qʰwaː]	N?	S?
15	tooth	ts'áng [t͡sʼʌŋ]	N?	S?
16	breasts	ḵán [qʰʌn]	N?	S?
17	thou	dáng [tʌŋ]	N?	S?
18	path	k'yúu [kʼjuː]	N?	S?
19	bone	skuj [skʰʊt͡s/t͡ʃ]	N?	skuuji
20	tongue	t'áangal [tʼaːŋǝl]	N?	S?
21	skin	ḵ'ál [qʼʌl]	N?	S?
22	night	g̱áal [ʡ͡ʜaːl]	N?	S?
23	leaf	xíl [xɪl]	N?	S?
24	blood	g̱áy [ʡ͡ʜʌi]	N?	S?
25	horn	nasáang [nǝsaːŋ]	N?	S?
26.1	person	x̱aad(as) [ʜaːt(ǝs)]	N?	x̱aayda
26.2	person	nang [nǝŋ]	N?	S?
27	knee	ḵ'ulúu [qʼʊluː]	N?	S?
28	one	sg̱wáansang [sʡ͡ʜwaːnsəŋ]	N?	S?
29	nose	kún [kʰʊn]	N?	S?
30	full	st'ah [stʼəh]	N?	S?
31	come	A?	N?	S?
32	star	k'aayhlt'áa [kʼaːjɬtʼaː]	N?	S?
33	mountain	tlat'awáay [t͡ɬʰətʼəwaːj]	N?	S?
34	fire	ts'áanuu [t͡sʼaːnuː]	N?	S?
35.1	we(a)	íitl' [iːt͡ɬʼ]	N?	S?
35.2	we(b)	t'aláng/tl'áng [tʼəlʌŋ, t͡ɬʼʌŋ]	N?	S?
36	drink	(g̱a-)níihl [(ʡ͡ʜə-)niːɬ]	N?	S?
37	see	ḵíng [qʰɪŋ]	N?	S?
38	new	g̱áwtlaa [ʡ͡ʜʌwt͡ɬʰaː]	N?	S?
39	dog	x̱a [ħə]	N?	S?
40	sun	juuyáay [d͡ʒuːjaːj]	N?	S?

Yeniseian

Yeniseian 40-word list...

Index	Concept	Proto-Yeniseian			Northern Yeniseic				Southern Yeniseic				Notes
		Starostin	Werner	Vajda	Imbat Ket			Sym Ket	Southeastern		Southwestern
					Upper	Lower		Sym Ket	Southeastern		Southwestern
					Southern	Northern	Central	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol
1	louse	*[ʔ/x]ǝ̄ke	*(d')ʌʔǝgǝ	<NA>	ʌ:ɣǝ⁴ (sg.) ʌɣeń⁵ (pl.)	ʌɣ⁴ (sg.) ʌɣeń⁵ (pl.)	<NA>	ʌ:hk (sg.) ʌgɨn⁵ (sg.)	iki (sg.) ikáŋ (pl.)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	cf. PAlgonkian ehkwa < PAlgic ihkwa < Amerind *ik’wa (louse3)
2	two	*xɨna	*(k)ɨn	<NA>	ɨ̄n			ɨn	īna	inéje	kína	híneaŋ	cf. PTsez qʼʷɨ-nV A "two" (pi) = pred. inanim. (pa) = pred. anim.
					ɨnǝm⁶ (pi)			ɨnɛ⁶ (pi)
					ɨnǝŋ⁶ (pa)			ɨneŋ^6,5 (pa)
3	water	*xur₁	*(k)uʎ(ǝ)	<NA>	ūĺ uĺij⁶ 'vapour above the water'			ur urfɨ⁵ 'dew'	ūl	ul койб. ūl	kul	ul	cf. Proto-Algic -o:?l? ‘in a body of water.’ < PAmer ?ali cf. Kiranti *kù
4	ear	*ʔɔ[gde/qtV]	<NA>	<NA>	ɔgde⁵ (sg.) ɔgden⁶ (pl.) ɔqtǝn⁶ "ear-ring" (sg.) ɔqtɨnǝŋ⁵ "id." (pl.)			ɔxtɨŋ⁶ (sg.) ɔxtɨŋɨn⁵ (pl.) ɔgdɔnɨŋ⁶ "ear-ring" (pl.)	[kalōx] < Turkic *Kul-kak	<NA>	utḱenóŋ (pl.) (Срсл.) utq́ȫnoŋ (id.) (М., Сл., Кл.) uskuj (id.) (Лоск.)	átkin	cf. PTsez *ʔãẋa
5	die	*qɔ-	<NA>	<NA>	qɔ-ŕeŋ⁵		qɔ-deŋ⁵	xɔ-deŋ⁵	d́axajaŋ onxajaŋ (praet.) anxa (imp.) onxa, onka "dead" xa "death" (sg.) xajikŋ (id.) (pl.)		ínqo "dead" inkoto "death"	ká-doŋdu "dead"	B1891 /g˙ʼōtʼutl/ means "dead" cf. PY qōGV "hunt, kill" cf. PY ẋV(n)t- "body" cf. PTsez *=iẋʷ-
6	I	*ʔaʒ	*ad(')(ǝ)	<NA>	āt ъ̄t(n¹) "we" ъ̄t(n)a "our"	āt ъ̄t "we" ъ̄t(n)a "our"		at ъtn "we" ъtna "our"	ai ajoŋ "we"	aj ajun "we"	aj aiŋ "we"	ad ádɨŋ "we"	cf. PTsez *dǝ
7.1	liver	*seŋ	<NA>	<NA>	śēŋ śɛŋǝn⁵ (pl.) śɛ́rap "pancreas, spleen" śénan, śéŋnan "stomach"		śēŋ śɛŋǝn⁵ (pl.) śɛ̀dáp "pancreas, spleen" śénan, śéŋnan "stomach"	seŋ sɛŋɨn⁵ (pl.) séńńan "stomach"	šitap "heart"	šitábu "heart"	šenóugbu "heart"	<NA>	cf. also PY sisa(l)- cf. PAET ~--sEnt' or ~--xyEnt' "liver" cf. PTsez žebu B
7.2	liver	*sisa(l)			NKet	SKet	Yugh	šičil šičilaŋ "(pl.)" šičātn "lungs" šičātnaŋ "(pl.)"	šišatɨn "lungs"	sal šišali "lungs"	Pumpokol?	cf. also PY sisa(l)- cf. PAET ~--sEnt' or ~--xyEnt' "liver" cf. PTsez žebu B
8	eye	*de-s	*de[t'/s]		dēś	dēś	des	tīš t[i/e]š (acc.)	Assan?	ti-eŋ	dat	cf. PY [q/ẋ]ɔŋ "face" cf. PTsez ħɔre B
9.1	hand	*ŕɔŋ	ĺaʔŋ		ĺoŋ	ĺoŋ	ĺɔŋ	Kott?	Assan?	lan-t́ūŋ "wing" ĺan-puj "id."	Pumpokol?	cf. PAET ~--(S-)ts'i()G "finger" cf. PY tǝʔq // t^hǝʔq "finger" cf. PY ŕɔŋ "hand" cf. PTsez *kʷɨrV
9.2	hand	*gVx-Vr	*kǝg-		NKet	SKet	kʌgd́at "arm"	kēgär	Assan?	koro-nun "mittens"	Pumpokol?	cf. PAET ~--(S-)ts'i()G "finger" cf. PY tǝʔq // t^hǝʔq "finger" cf. PY ŕɔŋ "hand" cf. PTsez *kʷɨrV
9.3	hand	*pVg-	*p^hǝ[ŋ/ngǝ]		hʌŋn⁵ hʌŋneŋ⁵ (pl.)	hʌŋn⁵ hʌŋneŋ⁵ (pl.)	Yugh	Kott	Assan?	ṕhiaga	Pumpokol?	cf. PAET ~--(S-)ts'i()G "finger" cf. PY tǝʔq // t^hǝʔq "finger" cf. PY ŕɔŋ "hand" cf. PTsez *kʷɨrV
9.4	hand	*biʔŋ			NKet	SKet	biʔŋ biŋɨn⁵ (pl.)	Kott?	Assan?	Arin?	Pumpokol?	cf. PAET ~--(S-)ts'i()G "finger" cf. PY tǝʔq // t^hǝʔq "finger" cf. PY ŕɔŋ "hand" cf. PTsez *kʷɨrV
10.1	hear	*[ʔ/x/h]eq-			ɛ́q-saq ɛ́q-tij	ɛ́q-saq ɛ́q-tij	áẋ-taẋ d-[ä/ɛ́]ẋti-saẋ "I hear"	Kott?	Arin?	Asan?	Pumpokol?	cf. PAET ~D-'yanG "to be heard": ~di'yanG varying with ~d'yanG "it is heard" cf. PY [ʔ/x/h]eq- "to hear" cf. Tsez *tuqʷ- B
11.1	tree	[ʔ/x]ɔksi < PY xaʔq-xusa	*(x)o[k/t]si		ōkś ?	KetS?	oksɨ¹	a(t)či a[k/(:)x] (pl.)	Assan?	ošče "wood" kus-ošče "tree"	Pumpokol	cf. PY [ʔ/x]ɔksi // (x)o[k/t]si
11.2	tree	*xaʔq- "trees"	*(x)aʔq		aʔq "trees"	KetS?	aʔ[x/q] "trees" axat⁵ "to procure wood"	a[g/:x] "wood" āgan "id." (pl.)	Assan?	oo "firewood"	hóxon "tree, wood"	cf. PY [ʔ/x]ɔksi // (x)o[k/t]si
12.1	fish	*c[ī]k	*t'iʔǝgǝ		ti:ɣǝ⁴ "snake" tīɣiń¹ (pl.)?	tiɣ⁴ "snake" tiɣiń⁵ (pl.)? u-tiɣ^5,6 "worm"	či:^hk "snake" čigɨn^5,1 (pl.)	tē[g/x] tēgan (pl.)	tɨg	íl-ti	[h/g]íte	cf. PY c[ī]k // t'iʔǝgǝ "snake, fish"
12.2	fish	*ʔise	*(h)itǝ ?		īś "meat, fish"	īś "meat, fish"	īs "meat, fish"	īči "meat, fish" īčaŋ (pl.) ič (acc.)	Assan?	is "meat"	([h/g]íte)	cf. PY c[ī]k // t'iʔǝgǝ "snake, fish"
13	name(a)	*ʔiG	*igǝ		ī ɛʔŋ (pl.)	ī ɛʔŋ (pl.)	i ɛʔŋ (pl.)	i(:)x īkŋ (pl.)	Assan?	Arin?	i
13	name(b)				KetN	KetS	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	cf. PAET ~wE-sxe()(w) or ~u:-sxe()(w) "name" cf. PY ʔiG // igǝ cf. PY *qäʔG "word"
14	stone(b)	*čɨʔs	*t'ɨʔs	tɨʔś tʌʔŋ / tʌŋa:n³ (pl.)	tɨʔś tʌʔŋ / tʌŋa:n³ (pl.)	čɨʔs čʌʔŋ (pl.) čʌŋa:n³ "rock"	šīš šeŋ (pl.) šiŋeäŋ "rock" šiŋeäkŋ (pl.)	šiš	kes	kit	cf. PAET ~kya(:)y "rock, stone" cf. PY čɨʔs // *t'ɨʔs
15	tooth	*ʔīti	*iʔǝtǝ		i:ti⁴	it⁴	i:ht iteŋ¹ (pl.)	iti itī (gen.) itaŋ (pl.)	Assan?	itin	Pumpokol?
16	breasts(a)	*[ʔ/x]opVj	*ogǝ-p^hǝj		ɔ:j ɔjeŋ^5,6 (pl.)	ɔ:j ɔjeŋ^5,6 (pl.)	ɔfɨj⁵ ɔfɨjeŋ⁵ (pl.)	Kott	Assin	Arin	Pumpokol	L1977 /ḵán/ means "chest"
16	breasts(b)	*tǝga	*t^hǝga		tʌ[g/ɣ]a⁵ tʌɣǝn⁶ (pl.)	tʌ[g/ɣ]a⁵ tʌɣǝn⁶ (pl.)	tʌga⁵ tʌɣa[n⁶/:n³] (pl.)	Kott	Assan	Arin	tíke	L1977 /tl'ánuu/ means "female breast"; cf. PAET ~*(S-)ts'aw "(female) breast, breast milk"
17	thou	ʔaw (/ʔu)	*[ǝ/u]g(ǝ)		NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol
18	path	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol
19	bone	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol
20	tongue	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	cf. Pre-Tlingit ~*--L-ts'aw-t' "suck-DISTRIB" > Tlingit --L'u't' "tongue"
21	skin	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	cf. PAET ~*--xyets' "skin (of fish)"
22	night(a)	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	cf. PY siG // šigǝ "night"; saGar1 // sagaʎ "to spend the night"
22	night(b)	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	cf. PAET ~xye()-L "evening", with instrumental noun suffix -L cf. PY ẋoʔn- // qoʔn "dark"
23	leaf(a)	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol
23	leaf(b)	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol
24	blood	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	cf. PAET ~kye/i() "blood" cf. PY sur
25	horn	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol
26	person	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	cf. PY *dǝʔq- "to live"
27	knee	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	cf. PAET ~--Gunt' "knee" cf. PY g[i]d "elbow, joint; to bend" cf. PY *ken- "shouler joint"
28	one	*ẋu-sa	qus / qut *qoʔk	Vajda	qūś (attr., inanim.), pred. quśǝm6	SKet	xus (attr., inanim.), pred. xusɛ6	hūča	xanči-xit "one", huča	khuzej	xúta	cf. PAET ~kyi:w(-C) "first" cf. PY [q/ẋ]an- "to become, begin" cf. PY -saŋ "to begin" PY sin "once, one time"
29.1	nose	*ʔ[o/ɔ][l/r]k-	*ol(g)ǝn	Vajda	ɔlɨn5 / ɔlǝn5, pl. ɔlɨn6; (Кл.) olgen, olen; ост. (М.) ólgen	SKet	ɔlɨn5 / ɔlǝn5, pl. ɔlɨnɨŋ5	Kott	Assan	árquj	Pumpokol
29.2	nose	*xaŋ	Werner	Vajda	áŋgɔn 'nose, nostrils'	SKet	Yugh	aŋ, *āŋ, g. āŋi(e), pl. āŋán; Ass. aŋ (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл.)	Assan	árquj	haŋ
30.1	full	*[ʔ/x]ute	Werner	Vajda	ūt 'full', utal6 iʔ "all day long", utalǝŋ5 ɛkŋ5 "all days long"	SKet	ūt, pl. utiŋ5	ūti; ūtam "wholly, completely"	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol
30.2	full	*[q/ẋ]o	*qo	Vajda	qɔ; qɔ́-vet "sufficient, orderly"	SKet	ẋo / ẋɔ; ẋɔ́-bet́ "sufficient, orderly"	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol
31	come	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol
32	star	*qɔ̄qa	Werner	Vajda	qɔʔ; pl. qɔ:n3	qɔʁ4; pl. qɔ:n3	xɔ:hx, pl. xɔxɨn5	alaga, *alak, aláx, g. alagei, pl. alagan, alakŋ; alakan	alák	íl-koj	káken
33.1	mountain(a)	*qäʔj		Vajda	qaʔj qaŋńeŋ⁵ (pl.)	qaʔj qaŋńeŋ⁵ (pl.)	xaʔj xaŋńeŋ⁵ (pl.)	xei "axe head, back of the knife" xēlēx "mountain ridge" xēlētn (pl.)	Assan?	ena-háj "forest"	kónnoŋ "forest"	cf. PAET ~kya(:)y "rock, stone" cf. PY čɨʔs // *t'ɨʔs cf. STONE above
33.2	mountain(b)	*ŕɨʔǯ	Werner	Vajda	lɨʔt ?	ĺɨʔt ?	lɨʔt́	d́ī d́īan (pl.)	jii	Arin	lɨcɨ "devil"
34	fire	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol
35	we(a)	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol
35	we(b)	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol
36	drink	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol
37	see	*[q/ẋ]o	Werner	Vajda	NKet d-ba-ŋ-sɔ-ʁɔ, praet. d-ba-ŋ-lɔ-ʁɔ	SKet	di-ba-ŋ-s-ɔ, praet. di-ba-ŋɨ-r-ɔ	Kott	Assan	Arin	ja-xa-ldi 'I see'	cf. PAET ~ *O-s-kyo:ng "see O"
38.1	new	giʔ	kiʔ	Vajda	NKet kiʔ (attr.), pred. Kur. ki:śi4, Bak. ki:sǝ4	SKet	Yugh	ki	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol
38.2	new	*tu[l/r]-	*thul-	Vajda	NKet (túĺem)	SKet	tulɨm5,6	ki	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol
39.1	dog	*čip	*t'ip	Vajda	tīp, pl. taʔp	tīp, pl. taʔp	čip, pl. čaʔp	alšip, pl. alšáp	alčip	ílčap	? ci	PAET ~kyey-L "barker" cf. PTurk ɨt / *it
39.2	dog	*[q/ẋ]ɨte "WOLF"	*qʌt^hǝ	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	PAET ~kyey-L "barker" cf. PTurk ɨt / *it
40	sun	*xiGa	*(h)egǝ	Vajda	ī iɣán (pl. < iɣa:n³)	ī iɣán (pl. < iɣa:n³)	i	ēga(< *ēgä) ēgei (gen.) ēgaŋ (pl.)	ö́ga éga	éga éja	hixem	cf. PY xiʔG 'day', ẋōŋ- 'day'

Chinese 40-word list

Chinese 40-word list...

Index	Concept	Modern Beijing	Middle Chinese	Old Chinese	Notes
1	louse	shī	ṣit	srit	cf. Kiranti sèr cf. Basque sor̄i cf. Japonic sìrám(u)í cf. Uralic (FP) śajOrV "nits" Dravidian śīr "nit" Turkic sirke "nit" cf. Mongolian *sirke "louse (of animals)" etc.
2.1	two	èr	ńì	nijs	cf. Kiranti ní(k) cf. Yeniseian xɨna cf. AuA *ʔa:r
2.2	two	liǎng	láŋ	rhaŋʔ	cf. Basque lau cf. AUSTRIC ʔaʔli
3	water	shuǐ	śwí	tujʔ	cf. Kiranti dhì cf. Yeniseian [ʔ/x]ut- "wet" cf. Uralic wete or śäčä cf. Turkic sɨb cf. Mongolican usu etc...
4	ear	ěr	ńɨ́	nhǝʔ	cf. Kiranti *ńǝ
5.1	die	sǐ	sjí	sijʔ	cf. Kiranti *si
5.2	die	mò	mot	mhǝ̄t
5.3	die	bēng	pʌŋ	pǝ̄ŋ
5.4	die	luò	lâk	rāk
5.5	die	bì	bjèj	bets
5.6	die	cú	ʒo	ʒ́(h)ā
5.7	die	zha	c̣ạ̈t	ćrǝ̄t
5.8	die	zhì	ṭik	trǝk
6.1	I	yú	jö	Ła	(I, we)
6.2	I	zhèn	ḍím	Łhǝŋʔ
7	liver	gān	kân	kān
8.1	eye	mù	mük	mhuk	cf. Kiranti mìk, mìk-c1ǝ̀
8.2	eye	yǎn	ŋạ̈́n	ŋ(h)rǝ̄nʔ
9.1	hand	fǎn	pwǝ́n	p(l)anʔ
9.2	hand	shǒu	śǝ́w	ƛhuʔ	cf. Kiranti *lak (not cognate)
10.1	hear	wén	mün	mǝn
10.2	hear	tīng	thieŋ	ƛ(h)ēŋ
11	tree	mù	muk	mhōk	-
12	fish	yú	ŋö	ŋha	cf. Kiranti *ŋǝ̀
13	name	míng	mjeŋ	mheŋ	cf. Kiranti mìŋ / nìŋ
14	stone	shí	ʒ́ek	diak
15.1	tooth	yá	ŋạ	ŋrā	cf. Kiranti *ŋV-
15.2	tooth	chǐ	ćhɨ́	thǝʔ	(tooth, tusk)
16.1	breasts	huái	ɣwạ̈j	grūj	(bosom)
16.2	breasts	xiōng	xöuŋ	sŋoŋ	(breast, chest)
16.3	breasts	yì	ʔik	ʔ(r)ǝk	(breast, chest)
16.4	breasts	yīng	ʔiŋ	ʔrǝŋ	(breast, chest; breast-plate...)
16.5	breasts	nǎi	ṇạ̈́	nhrējʔ	(breast, breast milk)
16.6	breasts	rǔ	ńǘ	noʔ	(milk, breast, to feed (a baby) with milk)
17.1	thou	nǐ	ṇɨ́	-?-	(you, thou) cf. Kiranti (ʔì)nä // gìnä "thou"
17.2	thou	rǔ	ńö́	nhaʔ	(you)
17.3	thou	ěr	ńé	nhejʔ	(you, your)
17.4	thou	nǎi	nʌ́j	nhǝ̄ʔ	(then, and then, now; your (possess.))
18	path	yú
19	bone	yú
20	tongue	yú
21	skin	Starostin	Werner
22	night	Starostin	Werner
23	leaf(a)	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		xíl	-
23	leaf(b)	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		-	dlk˙ʼaʹñgual
24	blood	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	g̱áy	g̱áy	g˙āʹi	cf. PAET ~kye/i() "blood" cf. PY sur
25	horn	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	nasáang	nasáanga	-
26	person	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		nang	-	cf. PY *dǝʔq- "to live"
27	knee	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		ḵ'ulúu	k˙ʼulōʹ	cf. PAET ~--Gunt' "knee" cf. PY g[i]d "elbow, joint; to bend" cf. PY *ken- "shouler joint"
28	one	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	sg̱wáansang	sg̱wáansang	squn, sqaʹsgō, sqoāʹnsEñ	cf. PAET ~kyi:w(-C) "first" cf. PY [q/ẋ]an- "to become, begin" cf. PY -saŋ "to begin" PY ẋu-sa
29	nose	bí	bjì	bhits
30.1	full	chōng	ćhüŋ	thuŋ	(to fill, full)
30.2	full				Many other words...
31.1	come	zhì	ćì	tits	(to come to, get to, arrive at, reach to) cf. Kiranti *[th]e(k)
31.2	come	lái lài [låi]	lʌj lʌ̀j	rǝ̄ rǝ̄s	(to come; wheat (Triticum aestivum))
31.3	come	lì	lìej	r(h)ǝ̄ts	(to come to, arrive, reach, settle; offense, fault)
31.4	come	gé	kạ̈ik	krāk	(to come to, arrive, reach, settle; offense, fault)
31.5	come	kạ̈ik	lìej	r(h)ǝ̄ts	(to come, come to, go to, reach to, attain to) MANY MORE LEXEMES...
31.6	come
31.7	come
31.8	come
31.9	come
31.10	come
32	star	xīng	sieŋ	shēŋ	cf. Kiranti *saŋ
33.1	mountain	yuè	ŋạuk	ŋrōk	(mountain, peak)
33.2	mountain	shān	ṣạ̈n	srān
33.3	mountain	qīn	khim	khǝm	(precipitous; mountain peak) cf. Kiranti (non-cognate) *[k/gh]u
33.4	mountain	yuè	ŋạuk	ŋrōk	(peak, mountain; spirit of the mountain)
34	fire	huǒ	xwấ	smǝ̄jʔ	cf. Kiranti *mì
35	we	yú	jö	Ła	(I, we) = 6.1
36.1	drink	yǐn	ʔím	ʔǝmʔ
36.2	drink	chī	khiek	khēk	(to eat, drink, swallow)
36.3	drink	chuò	ćhwet	thot	cf. Kiranti *ʔtùŋ (non-cognate)
37.1	see	máng	mâŋ	māŋ	Note
37.2	see	jiàn	kìen	kēns	Note
37.3	see	kàn	khần	khā[n/r]s	cf. Kiranti *ʔkǝŋ (/-k) (?)
37.4	see	shì	ʒ́í	g(h)ijʔ	Note
37.5	see	dǔ	tó	tāʔ	Note
38	new	xīn	sjin	sin	(to be new)
39.1	dog	quǎn	khwíen	khʷīnʔ	cf. Kiranti *khlè
39.2	dog	gǒu	kʌ́w	kōʔ	cf. Kiranti *hu(k(s)) "to bark"
40	sun	rì	ńit	nit	(sun; day) cf.Kiranti *nǝ̀-lV "day"

Eskimo 40-word list

Eskimo 40-word list...

Index	Concept	Proto-Eskimo	Proto-Yupik	Proto-Inupik	Aleutian	Notes
1.1	louse	*kumaɣ	*kumaɣ	*kumaɣ	kitux̂	PTM kumke CK 'ǝmlǝ < *ʔǝmɣǝ ?
1.2	louse	(*Nǝʁǝrtǝ)	{*Nǝʁǝrtǝ}	∅		{louse, parasite} PTM *nej(l)V- "small louse, nit"
2	two	*malǝʁu-	*malǝʁu-	*malʁu-
3	water	*ǝmǝʁ	*ǝmǝʁ	*ǝmǝʁ	PTM mū CK 'imɫǝ- "wetness, water" < *ʔǝmʁǝ ?
4	ear	*ciɣunt	*ciɣunt	*ciunt	PTMsian Mong čiki cf. PCK vilvǝ- "ear", vĕlu-m- "hear" < *swiɣǝ ?
5	die	*tuqu- (-t-)	*tuqu- (-t-)	*tuqu- (-t-)
6	I	*vi	*vi (-ŋa)	*uva-ŋa	PTM *bi
7	liver	*tǝŋuɣ	*tǝŋuɣ	*tǝŋuɣ
8	eye	*irǝ	*irǝ	*irǝ	PTM *ńia-sa
9	hand	*arɣa	*árɣa	*arɣaɣ (˜ -lɣ-)	PTM *ŋāla
10	hear	*tunǝ-
11	tree
12	fish	ǝqaɫuɣ, i-	*iqaɫuɣ	ǝqaɫuɣ, i-	PTM *xol-sa
13	name	*atǝʁ	*atǝʁ	*atǝʁ
14	stone	*ujaʁa-ɣ	uj(a)ʁa-ɣ, jǝHa-ma-	*ujaʁa-ɣ
15	tooth	*kǝɣuntǝ	*kǝɣuntǝ	*kiɣunt	PTM *xǖkte
16	breasts	*qatǝɣ	*qatǝɣ	*qatǝɣ	PTM *keŋ-tire
17	thou	*ǝɫ-vǝr	*ǝɫ-vǝr	*ǝl-vit/n	*si
18	path
19.1	bone(a)	*nănǝʁ	*nănǝʁ
19.2	bone(b)	*caHunǝʁ (˜ -ŋ-, -r-)		*caunǝʁ
20.1	tongue(a)	*ulu	*ulu		TM *xilŋü
20.2	tongue(b)	*uqa-		*uqa-
21	skin
22	night	*unur (-a)	*unuɣ (-a)	unnuɣ, unnua-/ *unurra-
23	leaf	*pǝɫu-	*pǝɫu-	*pIlu-
24.1	blood	*kanuɣ	*kanuɣ	*kanuɣ
24.2	blood	*aruɣ	áruɣ (-ja-), arúɣ	a(r)uɣ (-ia-), arrǝ-ʁ-
25	horn	*ciʁu-nǝʁ	*ciʁu-nǝʁ
26	person	*ińuɣ	*juɣ	inuɣ, innuɣ-, *inuq-unt
27	knee	*ci(ɣǝ)r-qu-	*ci(ɣǝ)r-qu-	*ciǝtqu-
28	one	*ataʁu-ci-	*ataʁu-ci-	*ataucci-
29	nose	*qǝŋa-	*qǝŋa-	*qǝŋa-	PTM *xoŋa-
30	full
31	come
32	star	*aɣr[u/i]-	aRɣu-, aɣRa(ʁ)	aɣru-, aɣri-aq-	PTM *xōsi-kta
33	mountain(a)	*iŋʁi-	*iŋʁi-	*iʁʁi (˜ -nʁi-)	PTM *xurē
34	fire	*ǝknǝ-	*[ǝk/kǝ]nǝ-ʁ	*iknǝ-ʁ	...a few other words.
35	we	*va(ŋ)-	*vaŋ-ku-ta	*uva-ŋ/ɣu-t	PTM *bue
36	drink	*ǝmǝʁ-	*ǝmǝʁ-	*ǝmǝʁ-	PTM *um(i)-
37	see
38	new	*nu-ta-	*nuta-	*nuta-	nebi, ńar-gu-
39.1	dog	*qi[k/p]mi-	*qikmi-	*qi'mi-
39.2	dog	*qǝpǝ-nǝʁ	*qǝpǝ-nǝʁ
39.3	dog	*puŋ(r)u-		*puŋŋuu-
40.1	sun	*maca-	*maca-	*maca-ʁ	There are other words...
40.2	sun	*ciqi-nǝʁ	*ciqi-nǝʁ	*ciqi-nǝʁ	*sigūn

Czech-English

Czech-English 40-word list...

Index	English	German	Czech	Slovak	Latin	English-Czech cognates
1	louse	laus	veš	voš	pediculus	no
2	two	zwei	dva, dvě	dva, dve	duo	yes
3	water	wasser	voda	voda	vadum? onda? unda	yes
4	ear	ohr	ucho	ucho	auris	yes
5	die	sterben	zemřít, umřít, skonat, zesnout	zomrieť, umrieť, skonať, zosnúť	morior	no
6.1	I	ich	já	ja	ego	yes
6.2	me	mir, mich	mě,mi,mne,mně	similar cognate forms	me, mini...	yes
7	liver	leber	játra	pečeň	iecur	no
8	eye	auge	oko	oko	oculus	yes
9	hand	hand	ruka	ruka	manus	no
10	hear	hören	slyšet	počuť	audio	no
11	tree	baum	strom	strom	arbor	no
12	fish	fisch	ryba	ryba	piscis	no
13	name	name	jméno	meno	nomen	yes
14	stone	stein	kámen	kameň	lapis	no
15	tooth	zahn	zub	zub	dens	no
16	breasts	brust	prsa, hruď	prsia, hruď	pectus	no
17.1	you	(ihr, ihnen)	-	-	-	no
17.2	thou, thee	du, dir, dich	ty, tobě, tebe, tě, ti	similar cognate forms	tu, te, tibi...	yes
18	path, road	pfad	cesta, stezka	cesta, chodník	via	no
19	bone	bein	kost	kosť	os ?	no
20	tongue	zunge	jazyk	jazyk	lingua	yes
21	skin	haut, leder	kůže	koža	cutis	no
22	night	nacht	noc	noc	nox	yes
23	leaf	(laub)	list	list	folium	no
24	blood	blut	krev	krv	cruor	no
25	horn	horn	roh	roh	cornu	no
26	person, man, human	persone, mann	člověk, osoba	človek, osoba	homo	no
27	knee	knie	koleno	koleno	genu	no
28	one	ein	jeden	jeden	unus	yes
29	nose	nase	nos	nos	nasus	yes
30	full	voll	plný	plný	plenus	yes
31	come	kommen	přijít	prísť	venir	no
32	star	stern	hvězda	hviezda	stella	no
33	mountain	berg	hora	hora	mons	no
34	fire	feuer	oheň	oheň	ignis	no
35.1	we	wir	my	my	-	no
35.2	us	uns	nás,nám,námi	similar cognate forms	nos	yes
36	drink	trinken	pít	piť	bibere	no
37	see	sehen	vidět	vidieť	videre	no
38	new	neu	nový	nový	novus	yes
39	dog	hund	pes	pes	canis	no
40	sun	sonne	slunce	slnko	sol	yes

Alternatives	Ratio	Percentace	Notes
no	9/40	22,5%	77,78% of cognates in the 1st half
yes	16/43	37,21%	50 to 56,25% of cognates in the 1st half

Sumerian

Sumerian 40-word list...

Index	English	Sumerian	Notes
1.1	louse	eh	"insect(s), bug(s); moth; head-louse; to have lice" Akk. kalmatu; sāsu; uplu; uppulu cf. Yen. ʔ/xǝ:ke // (d')ʌʔǝgǝ PAlgic ihkwa > PAlgon ehkwa PHokan *aHk^wi
1.2	louse	mar	"louse; worm; parasite" Akk. miqqanu; tūltu cf. Yen. jVʔra // (d'/k)ǝʎǝ
2	two	min; min₃; min₆	"two; ditto" Akk. šina cf. Yen. xɨna // (k)ɨn
3.1	water	a	"water; semen; progeny" Akk. mû; rihûtu
3.2	water	eš₁₀	"water" Akk. mû
3.3	water	nigin	"water"
3.4	water	illu	"water; source, spring; waterlogging?; flood waters" Akk. mû; mīlu; namba'u; zâbu cf. Yen. xur1 // (k)uʎ(ǝ) PAlgic *-o:ʔlʔ
4.1	ear	ĝeštug2; ĝešĝeštug; ĝeštug; ĝeštug3; muštug2; mu-uš-tug2; mu-uš-tug	"reason, plan; (to be) wise; wisdom, understanding; ear" Akk. hassu; uznu; uznu; ţēmu cf. Yen. ʔɔ[gde/qtV] PAlgon -ehše: "to hear"
4.2	ear	ĝizzal; gizzal2	"wisdom; understanding; ear; hearing" Akk.hasīsu; uznu; uznu; nešmû
5.1	die	uš2	"to die; to be dead; to kill; death" Akk. dāmu; mâtu; mūtu; uššu cf. Yen. *qɔ-
5.2	die	BAD.BAD\|)	"plural and imperfect singular stem of uš[to die]" Akk. mâtu
6.1	I	ĝa2-e; ĝe26	"I" cf. Yen. *ʔaʒ
7	liver	játra	no
8	eye	oko	yes
9	hand	ruka	no
10	hear	slyšet	no
11	tree	strom	no
12	fish	ryba	no
13	name	jméno	yes
14	stone	kámen	no
15	tooth	zub	no
16	breasts	prs	no
17.1	you	-	no
17.2	thou, thee	ty, tobě, tebe, tě, ti	yes
18	path, road	cesta, stezka	no
19	bone	kost	no
20	tongue	jazyk	yes
21	skin	kůže	no
22	night	noc	yes
23	leaf	list	no
24	blood	krev	no
25	horn	roh	no
26	person, man, human	člověk, osoba	no
27	knee	koleno	no
28	one	jeden	yes
29	nose	nos	yes
30	full	plný	yes
31	come	přijít	no
32	star	hvězda	no
33	mountain	hora	no
34	fire	oheň	no
35.1	we	my	no
35.2	us	nás,nám,námi	yes
36	drink	pít	no
37	see	vidět	no
38	new	gibil; gibil4	"(to be) new" Akk.edēšu
39	dog	ur; ^ĝešur	"dog; ~ figurine; ~ toy; lion" Akk.kalbu; labbu
40	sun	ud	"day; heat; a fever; summer; sun"

Algic 40-word list

Template 40-word list...

Index	Concept	Algic	Algonquian	Wiyot	Yurok	Notes
1	louse	*ihkwa	*ehkwa	Wiyot	(mohkhoh)	cf. Hokan *aHk^wi For Yurok cf. Salish: Lillooet məkin ‘louse.’ Pentlatch mačn ‘louse.’
2	two	Algic	*taːpaw-	Wiyot	Yurok	cf. Hokan haq^hu ~ HɔːHq^hɔ
3	water	nepiʔi; -Vkamy "body of water"	nepyi; -kamy; (*-aːpaːw(eː))	Wiyot	Yurok	Notes
4	ear	Algic?	*mehtawaki "ear"	Wiyot?	Yurok?	cf. Yen. *ʔɔ[gde/qtV]
5	die	Algic?	*wenčineːwa	Wiyot?	Yurok?
6	I (a)	*ʔaʒ	*ad(')(ǝ)
6	I (b)
7	liver	*seŋ
8	eye	*de-s	*de[t'/s]
9	hand	*-Vʔs		w-éʔs
10	hear	*[ʔ/x/h]eq-	pe:ntamwa; -ehše
11	tree	[ʔ/x]ɔksi < PY xaʔq-xusa	*(x)o[k/t]si
12	fish	*c[ī]k	*t'iʔǝgǝ
13	name	*ʔiG	*igǝ
14	stone	*čɨʔs	*t'ɨʔs
15	tooth	*ʔīti	*iʔǝtǝ
16	breasts	*[ʔ/x]opVj	*ogǝ-p^hǝj
17	thou	*k-	*k-	Wyiot	Yurok
18	path	Starostin	Werner
19	bone	Starostin	Werner
20	tongue	Starostin	Werner
21	skin	Starostin	Werner
22	night	Starostin	Werner
23	leaf(a)	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		xíl	-
23	leaf(b)	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		-	dlk˙ʼaʹñgual
24	blood	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	g̱áy	g̱áy	g˙āʹi	cf. PAET ~kye/i() "blood" cf. PY sur
25	horn	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	nasáang	nasáanga	-
26	person	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		nang	-	cf. PY *dǝʔq- "to live"
27	knee	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		ḵ'ulúu	k˙ʼulōʹ	cf. PAET ~--Gunt' "knee" cf. PY g[i]d "elbow, joint; to bend" cf. PY *ken- "shouler joint"
28	one	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	sg̱wáansang	sg̱wáansang	squn, sqaʹsgō, sqoāʹnsEñ	cf. PAET ~kyi:w(-C) "first" cf. PY [q/ẋ]an- "to become, begin" cf. PY -saŋ "to begin" PY ẋu-sa
29	nose	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	kún	kún	kun	cf. PY *xaŋ
30	full	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	st'ah	st'ah	-
31	come	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		-	-
32	star	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		k'aayhlt'áa	k˙ʼēʹitsāō	cf. PY *qɔ̄qa
33.1	mountain(a)	*qäʔj		Vajda	qaʔj qaŋńeŋ⁵ (pl.)	qaʔj qaŋńeŋ⁵ (pl.)	xaʔj xaŋńeŋ⁵ (pl.)	xei "axe head, back of the knife" xēlēx "mountain ridge" xēlētn (pl.)	Assan?	ena-háj "forest"	kónnoŋ "forest"		-	tʼēʹis	cf. PAET ~kya(:)y "rock, stone" cf. PY čɨʔs // *t'ɨʔs cf. STONE above
33.2	mountain(b)	*ŕɨʔǯ	Werner	Vajda	lɨʔt ?	ĺɨʔt ?	lɨʔt́	d́ī d́īan (pl.)	jii	Arin	lɨcɨ "devil"		tlat'awáay	tldērāʹu
34	fire	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	ts'áanuu	ts'áanuu	-
35	we(a)	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		íitl'	ētl
35	we(b)	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		t'aláng, tl'áng	tʼalEʹñgua
36	drink	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		g̱aníihl, níihl	qutl
37	see	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		ḵíng	k˙iñ, k˙eaʹñ	cf. PAET ~ O-s-kyo:ng "see O" cf. PY [q/ẋ]o-
38	new	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	g̱áwtlaa	g̱áwtlaa	-	cf. PY giʔ // kiʔ cf. PY tu[l/r]- // thul-
39	dog	Algic?	*aʔθemwa	Wiyot?	Yurok?	Notes
40	sun	Algic?	*ki:še?łwa	Wiyot?	kecoyn-hego	cf. PY xiGa // (h)egǝ

Yukaghir 40-word list

Yukaghir 40-word list...

Index	Concept	Proto-Yukaghir	Notes
1.1	louse	*p[e/i]me	#1782 (Kolamy has /e/, Tundra /i/, irregular)
1.2	louse	*syra:	#2356 (means "nit", cf. Tung. *sire ‘louse; worm’ (EDAL 1263–1264))
2.1	two	*(w)antəq-	#104 (In K -t- is irregular instead of the expected -d-)
2.2	two	*ki-	#809
3.1	water	*law- 1	#1014 (to drink > water)
3.2	water	*ončə-	#1652 (to drink > water)
4	ear	*unemə	#2519
5.1	die	*(w)am-	#54
5.2	die	*jompə	#707
5.3	die	*čire-	#287
5.4	die	*əj	#418
5.5	die	*ńeńe-	#1415
5.6	die	*piγi-	#1807
5.7	die	*uttə-	#2537
5.8	die	nomuber of other forms	####
6	I	*mət	#1221
7.1	liver	*aľa:jə	#37
7.2	liver	*kuδenč’ə	#926
8.1	eye	*w[a/o]ŋ-	#2587
8.2	eye	*jö:- 2 "to see" > "eye"	#694
9.1	hand	tolon-/čolon-	#2445
9.2	hand	*pornə	#1884
9.3	hand	ńuŋkən/ńuŋen	#1551 ("arm")
10.1	hear	*meδ-	#1177
10.2	hear	*men-	#1195
11.1	tree	*sa:- "tree, wood, stick..."	#2118
11.2	tree	*mut ?	#1328
12.1	fish	an-/wan-	#69
12.2	fish	*oľoγə	#1627
13.1	name	*kirijə	#837 TM gerbǖ "name" Koreic (n)ìr(h)- "name" Esk atǝʁ CK 'ǝɣjiv-
13.2	name	*ńu:	1532
13.3	name	*ńe:- 2 "to call" > "name"	#1392
14.1	stone	*qyj- 1	#2101
14.2	stone	*jenč’i ?	#676
14.3	stone	*me:δ ?	#1178
14.4	stone	*moŋo ?	#1248
15.1	tooth	*saľqəri:	#2145
15.2	tooth	*toδ- "to bite" > "tooth"	#2430
16.1	breasts	*mel- "breast"	#1188
16.2	breasts	*sis- "breast"	#2242
16.3	breasts	*iw- 1 "suck" > "breast"	#614
17	thou	*tət	#2410
18.1	path	ča:δə-/čantə-	#191
18.2	path	*čuγö	#347
18.3	path	*jaw- 2	#662
18.4	path	*eγ- "to walk" > "path"	#408
19.	bone	Starostin	Werner
20	tongue	Starostin	Werner
21	skin	Starostin	Werner
22	night	Starostin	Werner
23	leaf(a)	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		xíl	-
23	leaf(b)	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		-	dlk˙ʼaʹñgual
24	blood	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	g̱áy	g̱áy	g˙āʹi	cf. PAET ~kye/i() "blood" cf. PY sur
25	horn	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	nasáang	nasáanga	-
26	person	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		nang	-	cf. PY *dǝʔq- "to live"
27	knee	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		ḵ'ulúu	k˙ʼulōʹ	cf. PAET ~--Gunt' "knee" cf. PY g[i]d "elbow, joint; to bend" cf. PY *ken- "shouler joint"
28	one	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	sg̱wáansang	sg̱wáansang	squn, sqaʹsgō, sqoāʹnsEñ	cf. PAET ~kyi:w(-C) "first" cf. PY [q/ẋ]an- "to become, begin" cf. PY -saŋ "to begin" PY ẋu-sa
29	nose	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	kún	kún	kun	cf. PY *xaŋ
30	full	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	st'ah	st'ah	-
31	come	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		-	-
32	star	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		k'aayhlt'áa	k˙ʼēʹitsāō	cf. PY *qɔ̄qa
33.1	mountain(a)	*qäʔj		Vajda	qaʔj qaŋńeŋ⁵ (pl.)	qaʔj qaŋńeŋ⁵ (pl.)	xaʔj xaŋńeŋ⁵ (pl.)	xei "axe head, back of the knife" xēlēx "mountain ridge" xēlētn (pl.)	Assan?	ena-háj "forest"	kónnoŋ "forest"		-	tʼēʹis	cf. PAET ~kya(:)y "rock, stone" cf. PY čɨʔs // *t'ɨʔs cf. STONE above
33.2	mountain(b)	*ŕɨʔǯ	Werner	Vajda	lɨʔt ?	ĺɨʔt ?	lɨʔt́	d́ī d́īan (pl.)	jii	Arin	lɨcɨ "devil"		tlat'awáay	tldērāʹu
34	fire	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	ts'áanuu	ts'áanuu	-
35	we(a)	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		íitl'	ētl
35	we(b)	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		t'aláng, tl'áng	tʼalEʹñgua
36	drink	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		g̱aníihl, níihl	qutl
37	see	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol		ḵíng	k˙iñ, k˙eaʹñ	cf. PAET ~ O-s-kyo:ng "see O" cf. PY [q/ẋ]o-
38	new	Starostin	Werner	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	g̱áwtlaa	g̱áwtlaa	-	cf. PY giʔ // kiʔ cf. PY tu[l/r]- // thul-
39	dog	*[q/ẋ]ɨte "WOLF"	*qʌt^hǝ	Vajda	NKet	SKet	Yugh	Kott	Assan	Arin	Pumpokol	x̱a	x̱a	qa	PAET ~kyey-L "barker" cf. PTurk ɨt / *it
40.1	sun	*puγö "summer, sun"	#1912
40.2	sun	*jerpəjə	#685
40.3	sun	*je:ľə- "to boil up" > "sun"	#671
40.4	sun	*kunču: "sky" > "sun"	#944

Hurro-Urartian 40-word list

Hurro-Urartian 40-word list...

Index	Concept	Hurrian	Notes
1	louse	Hurrian
2	two	*sini	cf. Nakh *ši(n)
3	water	*siwi	cf. Nakh *ẋi
4	ear	*nui lēlǝ (DS)	cf. Nakh *la
5	die	ʔululi-	cf. Nakh *=aŁ-
6	I	su (oblique) ʔizas (ergative) isti(:) (absolutive)	cf. Nakh sō ʔas (ergative)
7	liver	*nibazúri
8	eye	*si
9	hand	*summi
10	hear	*xaz-	cf. PNakh *ẋac̣-
11	tree	*saɣri	cf. PNakh *ẋēn
12	fish
13	name	*tiwi (name, word, thing)	cf. PNakh *c̣e
14	stone
15	tooth
16	breasts	t͡sít͡si < Akk. nixri "chest"
17	thou	bi -mma (encl.) *sini ???	cf. PNakh *ħō
18	path	*xári "road"	cf. Lak ẋ:ullu
19	bone
20	tongue
21	skin	*asxi "animal skin"
22	night	*xurri "night, morning"	cf. PNakh *ʡūrV "morning"
23	leaf
24	blood	*t͡surgi	cf. PNakh *c̣ēgi
25	horn
26	person	*taɣi (adult male human being)
27	knee	*kund͡z- "to kneel, to bow down"
28	one	*suj-	cf. Nakh cħa, Udi sa, Khinalugh sa, PWC zV, etc.
29	nose
30	full
31	come
32	star
33	mountain	*baban
34	fire	*tari
35	we
36	drink
37	see	am- bur-
38	new
39	dog	*arbi
40	sun

Andian 40-word list

Andian 40-word list...

Index	Concept	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
1	louse	*noc̣:i	noc̣:i	nac̣:i	nac:i	naṣ	nac̣:	nac:i	nac̣:i	nac̣:i
2	two	*ḳi-	č̣e-gu	ḳe-da	ḳ́e-da	eč̣i-da	ḳ́e-ra	ḳ́e-ja	ḳe-da	ḳe-da
3	water	*ʎ:inʔi	ʎ:en	ʎ:eni	ʎ:eni	ʎ:ī̃	ʎ:ẽ	ʎ:ẽ	ʎ:ẽji	ʎ:eni
4	ear	*ħandi	hanṭuḳa	botlix	<none>	anna	haḳ́iṭa	hanḳ́iṭa	hanṭiḳa	hãde
5	die	=ič̣- / č̣in-	=ič̣-	=ič̣-	=ič̣-	=ič̣-	=ič̣-	=ič̣-	=ič̣-	(=eč̣-il-)
5	die	*=iƛ̣-	(b-il-in- ?)	=iʔ-	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	=ilʔ-	=iƛ̣-
5	die	*=iqʷ-	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	=uq- (Gudava)
6	I	*di-n	din	den(i)	den	dī̃	dẽ	de	den	dene
7	liver	*riƛ̣V	reliƛ:i	rehin	leliƛa	jelaƛ:	leleʎ:	relaƛ:	reƛ̣ajiƛ:	riƛ̣eƛ:i
7	liver	*ḳ:unʔi	ḳ:unu	<none>	k:ũji	ḳū̃	<none>	(k:ū̃)	<none>	<none>
8	eye	*har(Hi)(-ḳV)	harḳu	haj	haj	hač̣a	hač̣a	haḳ́a	harḳa	ḳeha
9	hand	*riƛ̣a	rela	reʔa	lela	jela	[r/l]ela	rela	reƛ̣a	reƛ̣a
9	hand	(*kʷo-)	(kʷo)	(kʷa-du)	(kʷa-ẋa)	(kʷa-di)	<none>	(kʷa-ji)	<none>	(kʷa-ʎala)
10	hear	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
10	hear	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
11	tree	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
12	fish	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
13	name	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
14	stone	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
15	tooth	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
16	breasts	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
17	thou	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
18	path	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
19	bone	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
20	tongue	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
21	skin	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
22	night	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
23	leaf	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
24	blood	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
25	horn	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
26	person	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
27	knee	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
28	one	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
29	nose	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
30	full	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
31	come	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
32	star	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
33	mountain	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
34	fire	*c̣aʔi	c̣a	c̣aj	c̣aji	c̣ā	c̣aj	c̣ā	c̣aj	č̣ari
35,1	we	*ʔiƛ:i	iƛ:il	iƛ:i	iƛ:e	iƛ:il	iʎ:i	iƛ:a	iƛ:i	iƛ:i
35,2	we	*ʔiš:i	iš:il	iš:i	iš:i	is:i	iš:i	iš:a	iš:i	is:i
36	drink	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
37	see	PA	andi	botlix	godob	chamal	bagval	tindi	karat	axvax
38	new	*c̣inhV-	c̣iw	c̣ĩu	c̣ĩju	c̣ĩw	c̣inu-b	c̣ĩhu-b	c̣ijo-m	č̣ĩ-da
39	dog	ẋʷoʔi, ẋʷor-	ẋʷaj	ẋʷaji	ẋʷaj	hʷaj	ẋʷā	ẋʷaj	ẋʷē
40	sun	*miʎi	miʎi	mĩhi	miʎi	miʎ	miʎ	miʎi	miʎe	miʎi

Basque 40-word list

Basque 40-word list...

Index	Concept	Basque	Bizk	Gipu	High	Low	Lapu	Zube	Ronc
1	louse	*sor̄i	zorri	zorri	zorri	zorri	zorri	zorri	zorri
2	two	*bi	bi	bi	bi(-da)	bi(-[g/d]a)	bi(-ga)	bi(-ga)	bi
3	water	*hur	ur	ur	ur	ur	ur	hur	ur
4	ear	*be-lar̄i	belarri	belarri	be([l/g])arri	be[g/h]arri	beharri	behárri	biárri
5	die	*hil	il	il	il	hil	hil	hil	il
6	I	*ni	ni	ni	ni	ni	ni	ni	ni
7	liver	*{g}i{b}el	gibel	gibel	{g}i{b}el	gibel	gibel	gibel	gibel
8	eye	begi / ber-	begi	begi	begi, (be-puru "eyebrow")	begi, (be-phuru "eyebrow")	begi	bégi, (be-phǘrü, ber-phǘrü "eyebrow")	begi
9	hand	*eśku	esku	esku	esku	esku	esku	eskü	esku
10	hear	*encun	entzun	entzun	entzun	entzun	entzun	é̃ntzün	entzun
11	tree	*haice	zu-gatz	zu-gaitz	<none>	zu-haitz, (-tze "suffix on tree names")	zu-haitz	zü-hai[tz/ntze], (-tze "suffix on tree names")	atze
12	fish	*ar̄ain	arrain	arrai	<none>	arrain	arrain	arraň	(arraǐ)
13	name	*üse-n	[u/i]zen	izen	izen	izen	izen	izen	izen
14,1	stone	*har̄i	arri	arri	arri	harri	harri	harri	arri
14,2	stone	*ɦaic	(atx)	(aitz)	(aitz)	haitz	aitz	atx	<none>
15	tooth	*hor̄c	<none>	(ortz)	ortz	hortz	hor[tz/tx]	hor[tz/tx]	or[tz/tx]
16	breasts	*bulhar̄	bular	bular	bular	bulhar	bulhar	b[ú/o]lhar	bu[r/d]ar
17,1	thou	*hi	i	i	i	hi	hi	hi	yi
17,2	thou	*su	zu	zu	zu	zu	zu	zü	zu
18	path	*bide	bide	bide	bide	bide	bide	bide	bide
19	bone	*ɦe(n)sur̄	azur	ezur	ezur	hezur	hezur	ézür	[ẽ/en]zur
20	tongue	*mi(n)hi	min	mi(i)	mi	mihi	mihi	mĩhĩ	mi
21,1	skin	*asal	azal	azal	a[z/x]al	a[z/x]al	a[z/x]al	á[z/x]al	<none>
21,2	skin	*lar̄u	narru	larru	larru	larru	larru	larrü	larru
22	night	*gau	gau	gau	gau	gau	gau	gai	ga[u/i]
23,1	leaf	*[H]or̄i	orri	orri	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
23,2	leaf	*ɦorśto	<none>	osto	ost(r)o	hosto	hosto	ósto	osto
24	blood	*odol	odol	odol	odol	odol	odol	ódol	odol
25	horn	*adar̄	adar	adar	adar	adar	adar	ádar	adar
26,1	person	*gison	gizon	gizon	gizon	giz[o/u]n	gizon	gizun	gizon
26,2	person	*lagun	lagun	lagun	lagun	(lagun)	lagun	(lagun)	lagun
27	knee	*belhau[n/r-]	belaun	belaun	belaun	belhaun	belhaun	belhain, bélhañ	belain
28	one	*bat	bat	bat	bat	bat	bat	bat	bat
29,1	nose	*śudur̄	su(u)r	sudur	su[d/g]ur	sudur	sudur	südür	sudur
29,2	nose	*mośu	(mosu)	musu	(musu)	(musu, mos-ko)	(musu)	(mos-ko)	<none>
30	full	*[i-p/b]ete	bete	bete	bete	bethe, (iphete)	bete	bethe	bete
31,1	come	*hel-	(el-du)	(el-du)	el-du	hel-du	hel-du	hél-tü	<none>
31,3	come	*e-augi-n	<none>	<none>	<none>	j(aug)in	jin	jin	jin
31,2	come	*etor̄i	etorri	etorri	etorri	<none>	ethorri	<none>	<none>
32	star	*isar̄	izar	izar	izar	izar	izar	izar	izar
33	mountain	*mendi	mendi	mendi	mendi	mendi	mendi	mendi	mendi
34	fire	*śu	su	su	su	su	su	sü	su
35	we	*gu	gu	gu	gu	gu	gu	g[ü/[u/i]-]	gu
36	drink	*edan	edan	edan	edan	edan	edan	edan	edan
37	see	*ekuśi	ikusi	[i/e]kusi	ikusi	ik(h)usi	ikhusi	ikhusi	ekusi
38	new	*ber̄i	barri	berri	berri	berri	berri	berri	<none>
39,1	dog	*hor	ora	<none>	<none>	ora	ora	ho(r)	<none>
39,2	dog	*sakur̄	txakur	txakur (zakur)	zakur ((t)xakur)	(xakur)	(xakur)	(txákür)	([z/x]akur)
40	sun	*egu-	eguzki (egun)	[eg/i[g/r]]uzki (egun)	[eg/i[g/d]]uzki (egun)	ekhi, iguzki (egun)	[e/i]guzki (egun)	ekhi (egün)	(egu-n)

Template 40-word list

Template 40-word list...

Index	Concept
1	louse
2	two
3	water
4	ear
5	die
6	I
7	liver
8	eye
9	hand
10	hear
11	tree
12	fish
13	name
14	stone
15	tooth
16	breasts
17	thou
18	path
19	bone
20	tongue
21	skin
22	night
23	leaf
24	blood
25	horn
26	person
27	knee
28	one
29	nose
30	full
31	come
32	star
33	mountain
34	fire
35	we
36	drink
37	see
38	new
39	dog
40	sun

Altaic 40-word list

Altaic 40-word list...

Index	Concept	Turkic	Mongolic	Tungusic	Koreic	Japonic	Eskimo	Uralic	Dravidian	OC
1.1	louse	*bɨt	(batagana)	(pānta- / pēnte-)	(*pátắrí)	<none>
1.2	louse	(*bȫg)	*böɣe-sü	(*bugu-tuna)	<none>	(*pìwǝ̀-musi)
1.3	louse	(bürče / bürge)	*bürge	<none>	*pjǝ̀rók	<none>
1.4	louse	(Kumɨr-)	(*kömörege)	*kumke	(*kǝ̀mɨ́i)	(*kùmuâ)	*kumaɣ
1.5	louse	(*sirke)	(*sirke)	*sire-	(*hjǝ̀)	*sìrám(u)í	????	(*śajOrV)	(*sīr)	srik
1.6	louse	(*Ti-)	<none>	*ti-kte	<none>	<none>	????	*täje
1.7	louse	(*bAŋɨŕ (˜-s))	<none>	*mana-	(*mằijàmí)	(*mìmìnsúkù)
1.8	louse	<none>	(*ni-sa-)	(*nej(l)V-)	*ní	<none>	? /*Nǝʁǝrtǝ/
2.1	two	*ẹk(k)i	(*(h)ekire)	<none>	(*pǝ̀kɨ́-)	(*pǝ̀ká)	? malǝʁu- (-(r)i-)
2.2	two	<none>	*gojar	(goj / gia)	<none>	(*kía)
2.3	two	(*TVbVr-)	ǯiwrin ˜ ǯuirin	*ǯube-	tubu, tuburh	<none>
2.4	two	(*buč-uk)	<none>	<none>	(*pča-k)	*puta
3.1	water	*sɨb	*usu	<none>	<none>	<none>
3.2	water	<none>	(*mören)	*mū	*mɨ́r	*mí(-n-tú)	*ǝmǝʁ
4.1	ear	*Kul-kak	(*kul-ki)	(*xūl-)	*kúi	(*kí-k-)
4.2	ear	(*čẹke)	*čiki	(*čaKar)	(*čăkami)	<none>	? *ciɣunt
4.3	ear	(*jạjŋak)	(*sinaɣa)	*sian	<none>	<none>	? *ciɣunt
4.3	ear	(*bejŋi)	(*maŋlai)	<none>	<none>	*mìmì
5.1	die	*öl-	(*öl-)	(*(x)olbu-)	<none>	<none>
5.2	die	<none>	*ükü-	(*(x)uk-ti-)	<none>	<none>
5.3	die	<none>	*bür-il-	*bu(r)-	<none>	<none>
5.4	die	(*bük-tel-)	(*mökü-)	*muxu-	(*mùk-)	(*múkási)
5.5	die	(*čök-)	(*čökü-)	(*čoK[i]-)	*čùk-	(*tuku-(m)pap-)	*tuqu- (-t-)
5.6	die	(*sȫn-)	(*sönü-)	(*sī- ( ˜ -ǖ-))	<none>	*sín-
5.7	die	(*Kiāl-)	(*gal-)	(*giala-)	<none>	*kára-
6.1	I	*bẹ-	bi, min-	bi; bue	(*úrí)	*bà-	*vi
6.2	I	<none>	*na-m-	<none>	*nà	*a-
7.1	liver	*biagɨr	<none>	*pākin	<none>	<none>
7.2	liver	<none>	*helige	(*pēlbu-)	(*pắi)	(*pàrà)
7.3	liver	(*sibüt)	(*sibag)	(*sipa ( ˜ -b-))	*psɨ́-	(sìmpù- / sìpǝ̀)
7.4	liver	<none>	(*kim)	(*xemu-gde)	<none>	*kìmuà
7.5	liver	(*d(i)ālak)	(*deliɣün)	(*ǯō)	(*tira ( ˜ č-))	(d)í ( ˜ (d)ǝ́-i)	?*tǝŋuɣ
8.1	eye	*göŕ	(*gori)	(*gur-)	(*kɨ́rì-)	<none>
8.2	eye	*Karak	(*kara-)	(*kara-)	(*kàrm-)	<none>
8.3	eye	(*jāĺ)	*nidü	*ńia-sa	*nún	*mài(N)
9.1	hand	*el(-ig)	<none>	*ŋāla	<none>	<none>
9.2	hand	*Kol	(*köl)	(*xolda-n)	(*kūi-mǝ̀rí)	(*kuru-(n)-pusi)
9.3	hand	(*Kar)	*gar	<none>	<none>	(*kàtá)
9.4	hand	(*Kop-)	(*kombo-)	*komba-	<none>	(*kǝ̀mpusi)
9.5	hand	<none>	<none>	*siantu	*són	<none>
9.6	hand	<none>	(dalu, dali)	<none>	(*tằr'ái)	*tà-i
10.1	hear	*ẹĺit-	(*al-dar)	(*ala-)	*ār-	<none>
10.2	hear	āŋ, āŋ-la-	(*aɣuda-la-)	(*(x)eŋē-)	<none>	*ǝ̀mǝ̀-p-
10.3	hear	dɨŋla- / diŋle-	(*čiŋla-)	(*ǯiŋ-)	<none>	<none>
10.4	hear	*uk-	(*uka-)	(*oksa-)	<none>	(*úká-(n)káp-)
10.5	hear	(*sɨ̄n)	*sonos-	<none>	(*sjǝn-)	<none>
10.6	hear	(*düĺ-ün-)	<none>	*dōldī-	*tɨ̀d-	<none>
10.7	hear	(*Kul-kak)	(*kul-ki)	(*xūl-)	(*kúi)	*kí-k-
11.1	tree	ɨ, ɨ-(ń)gač	(*hoj)	(pōj-, pōj-ki-)	(*pǝ-)	(*pí)
11.2	tree	*dal	(*daldawu)	(*ǯali-kta)	(*čùr-kí)	(*tùrù)
11.3	tree	*dẹrek	(*čirgaj)	(*ǯarikta)	<none>	<none>
11.4	tree	<none>	*modu	*mō	(mōi(h), mòró)	(*mǝ́rí)
11.5	tree	(*jEken)	(*dek-)	*deke-	(*tái)	(*tákái)
11.6	tree	(*jɨmurt)	(*ǯimuɣu-su)	(*ńamńi-kta)	*nàmòk	(*mǝ̀mìtì)
11.7	tree	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	*kǝ̀i
12.1	fish	*bālɨk	(*bilaɣu)	(*palu)	(*par-)	(*pírámái (˜-miá))
12.2	fish	<none>	*ǯiɣa-	<none>	*thi	*(d)íwuá
12.3	fish	<none>	(*kalimu)	*xol-sa	<none>	(*kàra-)
12.4	fish	<none>	<none>	(*liamba-)	<none>	(*nàmà(n)tù)
12.5	fish	<none>	(*sogoču)	*sugǯa-nsa	<none>	(*sukai)
12.6	fish	<none>	<none>	(*kuKu-)	*kòkí	(*kuaku-mi)
13.1	name	*āt	<none>	(*pete-n)	(pɨ̀rɨ̀- / pɨ́rɨ́-)	(*pǝta-)
13.2	name	(*jạr-)	*nere	<none>	*(n)ìr(h)-	(*nǝ́r-)
13.3	name	(*gẹr-tü)	(*gere(-ɣe))	*gerbǖ	(kɨ́r, kɨ́rwǝ́r)	(kǝ̀tǝ̀, kǝ̀tǝ̀-pà)
13.4	name	(jom, jom(ŋ)ak)	(dom, domag)	(*nim-ŋā-)	(*ni'jaki)	*ná(N)
14.1	stone	*diāĺ	*čilaɣu	*ǯola	*tōrh	*(d)ísì
14.2	stone	(*Korum)	*küri	(*xurē)	(*kòráŋ)	(*kùrùa (˜ -ruâ))	cf. Arin /kar/ < PYen Kar "mountain" cf. Basque har̄i
14.3	stone	<none>	<none>	*pias-	<none>	<none>
15.1	tooth	*dīĺ	(? duldaj)	(*ǯul-)	<none>	<none>
15.2	tooth	sīĺ / sɨ̄ĺ	*sidü	(*sila(-bun))	(*sár)	(sàs-, sàsì)
15.3	tooth	(*Kögme)	(*köɣemej)	*xǖkte	(*kǝ̀húm)	(*k(ù)i)	cf. Basque *hagin
15.4	tooth	<none>	(*ǯal-magaj)	(*ńal-)	*ní	(*mài)
15.5	tooth	<none>	<none>	(*palV)	*-par	*pa
16.01	chest	*öĺün	<none>	*(x)uli-n	<none>	<none>
16.02	chest	*Kōjn	(*koŋ-)	(*xobanī)	<none>	(*kàpìná)
16.03	chest	göküŕ (/gögüŕ)	(*kökön)	(xuku-n / kuku-n)	(*kokăi-)	(*kǝ̀kǝ̀rǝ)	cf. Basque *kolko "bosom"
16.04	chest	*dȫĺ	<none>	(*tulu)	<none>	<none>
16.05	chest	(*gEgrek)	*keŋgir-	*keŋ-tire	<none>	<none>
16.06	chest	(*ȫŕ)	*örü	(*uri)	<none>	(*útì)
16.07	chest	(*jẹlin)	(*deleŋ)	*dilba	<none>	<none>
16.08	chest	(*Kạ̄sɨk)	(*kasa)	(*xasa-kī)	*kàsằm	<none>
16.09	chest	(*ömül-dürük)	(*(h)ün-Külčig)	(*pum-te)	*púmh	<none>
16.10	chest	<none>	<none>	(*miańam)	(*mằńằm)	*múnà-i
16.11	chest	<none>	(*büdürkei)	(*puturkā)	<none>	*pútúkǝ́rǝ́	cf. Basque *bulhar̄ "breast/chest"
17.1	thou	*sẹ-	<none>	*si	<none>	*si
17.2	thou	<none>	*či	<none>	<none>	<none>
17.3	thou	(*-ŋ)	<none>	<none>	*nǝ̀	*ná
18.1	path	*oruk	(*horum /-im)	(*pōr-da-)	(*pórám)	<none>
18.2	path	(*jam)	*ǯim	(*ńiam-)	<none>	<none>
18.3	path	(*bar-)	*mör	<none>	(*mōr-)	*mítí	cf. Basque *bide "road"
18.4	path	(*otar)	(*hogtorgui)	*pokta	(*pàthàŋ)	(*pǝtǝri ( ˜ -ua-))
18.5	path	(*jāk)	(*ǯüg)	*ǯuku-	<none>	*dǝ́kǝ́
18.6	path	(*Kɨrgak)	<none>	(*giri)	*kírh	<none>
19.1	bone	*siŋök	(*siɣa)	(*siŋa-)	(*sɨ̀in)	(*sùnài)
19.2	bone	*kEmük	(*kemi)	(xumā-n,-kin, xum-nu)	<none>	<none>
19.3	bone	(*(j)ẹ̄n-čik)	*ja-su	(*peń-ŋen)	*s-pjǝ́	*pǝ̀nià
19.4	bone	<none>	(*kokima-)	*xīKeri	<none>	*kakurai
19.5	bone	<none>	(*gere)	*giram-ksa	<none>	<none>
20.1	tongue	*dɨl	<none>	(*dilga-n)	<none>	<none>
20.2	tongue	(*kele-)	*kele-	*xilŋü	(*kằró-)	<none>
20.3	tongue	(*čAl-)	(*čal-)	*čōlī-	<none>	<none>
20.4	tongue	(*sōr-)	(*soru-)	<none>	hjǝ́, hàr-hắ-	*sìtà (cf. MChin źet)
20.5	tongue	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	sìmpá (< PAustronesian Sema ?)
20.6	tongue	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	*piar-?
21	skin	Turk	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
22	night	Turk	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
23	leaf	Turk	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
24	blood	Turk	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
25	horn	Turk	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
26	person	Turk	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
27	knee	Turk	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
28	one	Turk	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
29	nose	Turk	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
30	full	Turk	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
31	come	Turk	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
32	star	Turk	Mong	TM	*pjǝ̄r	Jap
33.1	mountain	Turk	Mong	TM	mōi(h), mòró	Jap
33.2	mountain	*dāg	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
33.3	mountain	*K(i)aja	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
34.1	fire	Turk	Mong	TM	*pɨ́r	Jap
34.2	fire	*ōt	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
34.3	fire	Turk	*gal	TM	Korean	Jap
34.4	fire	Turk	Mong	*toga	Korean	Jap
35	we	*bi-ŕ	Mong	TM	*úrí	Jap
36.1	drink	Turk	Mong	TM	*mà-	Jap
36.2	drink	*ič-	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
37.1	see	Turk	Mong	TM	*pò-	Jap
37.2	see	Turk	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
37.3	see	*gör-	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap
38.1	new	Turk	Mong	TM	Korean	*àrà-(ta-)
38.2	new	Turk	Mong	TM	Korean	*nípí-
38.3	new	jaŋɨ / jeŋi	Mong	TM	*sái	Jap
39.1	dog	ɨt / it	Mong	TM	Korean	*ìnù
39.2	dog	Turk	Mong	TM	*kàŋ-	Jap
39.3	dog	*köpek	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap	*qǝpǝ-nǝʁ
40.1	sun	Turk	Mong	TM	Korean	*pí
40.2	sun	Turk	Mong	TM	Korean	*tiàntaN < MC/OC "heavenly light" ? (MC thien tʌŋ, OC thīn tǝ̄ŋ)
40.3	sun	Turk	Mong	TM	*hắi	Jap	*ciqi-nǝʁ
40.4	sun	Turk	Mong	TM	*nár	Jap
40.5	sun	*gün(eĺ)	Mong	TM	Korean	Jap

Avar 40-word list

Avar 40-word list...

Index	Concept	Avar	Chadakolob
1	louse	nac̣:	nac̣
2	two	ḳi-go	ḳi-gu
3	water	ʎ:im	ʎim
4	ear	ʕin	ʕin
5.1	die	ẋʷe-	ħʷ(Vl)-
5.2	die	=alʔ-	<none>
6	I	dun	dun
7.1	liver	ṭul	ṭul
7.2	liver	<none>	mac̣
8	eye	ber	ber
9	hand	kʷer	kʷer
10	hear	raʕ-	riʔ-
11	tree	ʁʷeṭ	ʁʷeṭ
12	fish	č:uʕa	cuʕa
13	name	c̣:ar	c̣ar
14.1	stone	gamáč̣	gamáč̣
14.2	stone	hec̣ó	<none>
14.3	stone	ʕuc̣:	<none>
14.4	stone	ƛ̣eb	(ṭeb)
15	tooth	ca	ši-bi
16	breasts	(mehéd)	niẋ
17.1	thou	mun-	mun-
17.2	thou (obl.)	du-	du-
18	path	nuẋ	nuħ
19	bone	raƛ̣:á	raƛ̣a
20	tongue	mac̣:	mac̣
21.1	skin	ṭom	ṭom
21.3	skin	ƛ:uh (?)	<none>
21.2	skin	(c̣:okó)	c̣oko
22.1	night	sordó	šordo
22.2	night	(reʎé-da)	<none>
23.1	leaf	ṭamáẋ	ṭamáħ
23.2	leaf	ṭamáč (dial.)	<none>
23.3	leaf	(ṭa)	<none>
24.1	blood	bi	bi
24.2	blood	(han)	(han)
24.3	blood	(baʕára-b)	(baʕára-b)
25.1	horn	ƛ:ar	ƛ:ar
25.2	horn	(beṭér)	(beṭer)
25.3	horn	(ḳamúri)	<none>
26	person	či	či
27	knee	náku	naku
28	one	co	šo
29	nose	meʕér	<none>
30	full	c̣ura-b	č̣ura-b
31.1	come	=ač̣-in-	=ač̣-
31.2	come	=eh-	=eh-
31.3	come	š:ʷe-	sʷe(l)-
31.4	come	<none>	=áʕn-
32	star	c̣:ʷa	c̣ʷa
33	mountain	meʕér	meʕér
34	fire	c̣a	č̣a
35.1	we (incl.)	niƛ:	niƛ
35.2	we (excl.)	niž	niž
36.1	drink	heq̇:é-	q̇(Vl)-
36.2	drink	(ẋú-)	ẋu-
37	see	=ix-	=ex-
38	new	c̣íja-b	č̣ija-b
39	dog	hoj	hʷe
40	sun	baq̇:	baq̇

Tsezic 40-word list

Tsezic 40-word list...

Index	Concept	PT	PTsKh	Tsez	Ginukh	Khwarshi	Inkhokwari	PBG	Bezhta	Gunzib
1	louse	*nɔt͡sǝ [A]	*not͡sǝ	not͡si	not͡se	nut͡sa	not͡so	*nɔt͡sǝ	nat͡so	nɔt͡sǝ
2	two	*qʼʷɨ-nV [A]	*qʼˤʷɨnV	qʼˤano	qʼono	qʼˤʷene	qʼˤune	*qʼˤʷɨnV	qʼona	qʼanu
3	water	*ɬːɨ̃ [B]	*ɬǝ̃	ɬi	ɬe	ɬã	ɬõ	*ɬɨ̃	ɬi	ɬɨ̃
4	ear	*ʔãχa	*ʔãχija	aħja	aχχa	ãhĩ	aĨha	*ʔãʁa	äʁä	ãʁa
5	die	*=iχʷ-	*=iχ̥1̇ʷ- (˜-ɨ-)	=eχʷ-	=uh-	=ih-	=uh-	*=uʁ-	=uʁ-	=uʁ-
6	I	*dǝ	<none>	di	de	da	do	<none>	do	dǝ
7.1	liver	*ʒebu [B]	*ʒubǝ	ʒubi	ʒubo	ʒiba	ʒubu	*ʃebu	ʃebo	ʃebu
7.2	liver	*bɔt͡sʼǝ [A]	<none>	(bot͡sʼ-kʼori)	<none>	<none>	<none>	*bɔt͡sʼǝ	(bat͡sʼo)	bɔt͡sʼǝ
8	eye	*ħɔre [B]	*ʔözʷǝR	ozuri	üʒej	ezal	ezol	*hare	häre	hare
9.1	hand	*kʷɨrV	<none>	<none>	kʷezej	<none>	<none>	*koro	kō	koro
9.2	hand	*rɨt͡ɬʼa [A]	*Rɨt͡ɬʼa	ret͡ɬʼa	<none>	let͡ɬʼa	lɨt͡ɬʼa	(*rɨt͡ɬʼa)	(rit͡ɬʼa)	(rɨt͡ɬʼa)
10.1	hear	*tuqʷ- [B]	*tu_qʷ-	teq-	toq-	tiqʷ-	tuq-	<none>	tuq-	<none>
10.2	hear	*nɨd-	< ?none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	nɨd-
11.1	tree	*ʁːʷǝn	*ʁʷǝn	ʁun	<none>	ʁon	ʁon	(*[h/w]ɔn)	(wan)	(hɔn)
11.2	tree	*[ʔ/ħ]aʒ(ː)ʷǝ	*ʔaʒʷǝ	aʒo	aʒe	aʒa	(aʒan)	<none>	<none>	<none>
11.3	tree	*χːõχːǝ (˜ʁ)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	*χõχǝ	χöχö	χõχe
12	fish	*bɨsːʷǝ [A]	*bɨsʷǝRo	besuro	besuro	<none>	<none>	*bɨsɔ	bisa	bɨsǝ
13	name	t͡sʷǝ̃, t͡sʷǝrV- [A]	t͡sǝ̃, t͡sǝRo-	t͡si	t͡se	t͡sã	t͡sõ	t͡sɔ̃, t͡sɔrV-	t͡saro	t͡sɔ̃ru
14.1	stone	*ʁ(ː)[u/o][r/l]	*ʁuR	ʁˤul	<none>	ʁur	ʁur	<none>	<none>	<none>
14.2	stone	*t͡ɬʼ[a]lu	*t͡ɬʼaR	(t͡ɬʼul-uqʼ)	t͡ɬʼal	(t͡ɬʼar)	<none>	*t͡ɬʼɔlu	t͡ɬʼalo	t͡ɬʼɔlu
15	tooth	*s(ː)ɨl [A]	sɨR, sɨRa-	<none>	<none>	sel	sɨl	*sɨla	sila	sɨla
16.1	breasts	*χ[ɨ/i]mV(rV)	*χ̥1̇[ɨ/i]mo(RV)	ħemori	χema	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
16.2	breasts	*χeru [A]	*χ̥1̇eRV	(ħiro)	<none>	ħel-lokʼʷa	<none>	*ʁeru	ʁejo	ʁeru
17.1	thou	*mǝ	*mǝ	mi	me	ma	mo	*m/ǝ/	mi	mǝ
17.2	thou (obl.)	*dɨ- [A]	*dɨ-b-	de-b-	de-b-	de-b-	du-b-	dɨ-b- / du-	di-b / du-	dɨ-b- / du-
18	path	*hunV [A]	*hunV	huni	hune	huni	hune	*huni	hino	huni
19	bone	t͡ɬʷɨrV, t͡ɬʷɨrV-zːa- [B]	t͡ɬʷǝza, t͡ɬʷǝzǝ-RV-	t͡ɬuza	t͡ɬuʒej	t͡ɬazal	t͡ɬozol	*t͡ɬora	t͡ɬörä	t͡ɬora
20	tongue	*mɨt͡s [A]	*mɨt͡s	met͡s	met͡s	met͡s	mɨt͡s	*mɨt͡s	mit͡s	mɨt͡s
21.1	skin	*qɔt͡ɬu	*qˤot͡ɬV	qˤot͡ɬu	<none>	qot͡ɬu	qˤot͡ɬu	*qɔt͡ɬu	qät͡ɬö (Tlad.)	qɔt͡ɬu
21.3	skin	(*χːeʃː)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	χeʃ	<none>
21.2	skin	*χɔ̃ʃːe [B]	*χ̥1̇ö̃ʃe	ħoʃi	χʷiʃi	hĩʃe	hẽʃe	<none>	Räʃe	<none>
22	night	niʃːe	*n[i/ɨ]ʃe	neʃiru	neʃi	niʃo-ho	(niʃo-ho)	*niʃe	niʃe	niʃe
23	leaf	*t͡ɬib(u) [A]	*t͡ɬib(u)	t͡ɬaˤb	t͡ɬebu	t͡ɬib	t͡ɬib	*t͡ɬibu	t͡ɬibo	t͡ɬibu
24	blood	ħɔ̃j, ħẽjɔ-	*ʔẽj	e	ijo	ĩqʼʷa	ẽqʼo	hɔ̃j, hẽjV-	hẽ	hãj
25.1	horn	*ʃ(ː)elu [A]	*ʃeRu	ʃilu	<none>	ʃeru	ʃelu	*ʃelu	ʃelo	ʃelu
25.2	horn	*tama	<none>	<none>	tama	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
26	person	*[h/r/ʒ/z]ikʼʷǝ [A]	*[h/r/ʒ]ikʼʷǝ	ʒekʼu	rekʼʷe	ʒikʼʷa	hikʼo	*sukʼu	sukʼo	sukʼu
27.1	knee	*qʼɔ(n)tV	*qʼontu	qʼˤontu	qʼontu	qʼontu	<none>	*qʼɔt(a)	(qʼata)	(qʼɔd)
27.2	knee	*bitʃnV	*b[i/ɨ]tʃnV	betʃni	betʃnu	<none>	<none>	*mitʃna	(mitʃnä)	mitʃna
27.3	knee	*gurtu (˜o)	*gurtu	<none>	<none>	kurtu	gurtu	<none>	<none>	<none>
27.4	knee	(*ʔãgV)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	*ʔãga	ãga	ãga
28	one	hǝ̃sː, sːɨ-	?	sis	hes	has	hos	?	hõs	hǝ̃s
29	nose	*maru	*maˤR[e/u]	maˤli	malu	mani	maˤne	*maru	märö	maru
30	full	*=[ǝ]t͡sʼ-	*=et͡sʼ-	=it͡sʼt͡sʼäsi	=itʃʼiʃ	=ejt͡sʼu	=et͡sʼt͡sʼu	*=ǝt͡sʼ-	ot͡sʼiro (Tlad.)	=ǝt͡sʼǝru
31.1	come	*=[ã]qʼ-	*=a( ̃)qʼ-	=aj-	=aqʼ-	<none>	<none>	*-[ã]qʼ-	=õqʼ-	=ãqʼ-
31.2	come	*=uχːʷ- [B]	*=u_χʷ-	neχw-	noχ-	=iχw-	=uχ-	<none>	<none>	<none>
31.3	come	(*=[o/e]( ̃)qʷ- [B])	*=eqʷ-	oq-	<none>	(=eqʷ-)	(=eqʷ-)	<none>	<none>	<none>
31.4	come	(*-VH-)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	g-oh- (imper.)	g-uʔ-
31.5	come	(*=ǝ̃ʔ-)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	nǝʔ-
32	star	*t͡sʷã	*t͡sʷã	t͡sa	t͡sʷa	t͡sa	t͡sã	*t͡sã	t͡sã	t͡sa
33.1	mountain	*maˤru	*maˤRV	(maˤli)	malu	mani	<none>	*maru	mä	maru
33.2	mountain	(*χʷen [A])	*χ̥1̇ʷen	ħon	χwin	hun	hun	<none>	<none>	<none>
33.3	mountain	(*bɨ[Z/s]u)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	*bɨzu	bizo	bɨzu
34	fire	*t͡sʼǝ [A]	*t͡sʼǝ	t͡sʼi	tʃʼe	t͡sʼa	t͡sʼo	*t͡sʼǝ	t͡sʼo	t͡sʼǝ
35	we	*ilV [A]	*ʔilǝ	eli	eli	ila	ilo	*ʔile	ile	ile
36	drink	*χːi-t͡ɬʷ-	*χit͡ɬʷ-	ħat͡ɬʷ-	<none>	χit͡ɬ-	χut͡ɬ-	*χut͡ɬ-	χut͡ɬ-	χut͡ɬ-
37.1	see	*=[e]g̥1̇ʷ- [A]	*=[e]kʷ	=ikʷ-	=ük-	=akʷ-	=akʷ-	<none>	=egā-	<none>
37.2	see	(*=ãt͡sʼ-)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	*=ãt͡sʼ-	(gow-at͡sʼ-)	=ãt͡sʼ-
38	new	*-ɨt͡sʼVn- [A]	*ʔɨt͡sʼ(ɨ)n-	et͡sʼno	et͡sʼendiju	et͡sʼnu	ɨt͡sʼnu	*-[ɨ̃t͡sʼ/ɨt͡sʼn]-)	it͡sʼijo	ɨ̃t͡sʼt͡sʼu
39	dog	*ʁːʷǝ̃j	*ʁˤʷǝ̃j	ʁˤʷaj	ʁʷe	ʁʷe	ʁˤʷẽ	wǝ, wǝj-	wo	wǝ
40	sun	boq, bɨqV-	*buq	buq	buq	buq	bɨq	*boq	boq	boq

Lezgian 40-word list

Lezgian 40-word list...

**Lezgic languages**
Index	Concept	Proto-Lezgic	Lezgic languages
			Archi^[1]	Samur languages
				Eastern Samur languages				Southern Samur languages		Western Samur languages
				Udi	Lezgi-Aghul-Tabasaran languages			Kryts	Budukh	Rutul	Tsakhur
				Udi	Lezgi	Aghul	Tabasaran	Kryts	Budukh	Rutul	Tsakhur
1.1	louse	*nät͡sʼ	nat͡sʼ	net͡sː	net	netː	nit͡sː	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
1.2	louse	*loɬ(ʷ)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	liʃ	liʃ	lix	<none>
2	two	*qʼʷä	qʼˤʷe	pːaˤ	qʼʷe-d	qʼˤu-d	qʼˤu	qʼˤʷad	qʼa-b	qʼˤʷa-d	qʼˤo-llä
3	water	*ɬːänː	ɬːän	χe	jad	xed	ʃid	xäd	xǝd	xäd	xʲan
4.1	ear	*ʔˤamː	oj	imuχ	jab	ibur	ib	ibɨr	ibir	ubur	<none>
4.2	ear	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	kʼɨrɨ
5.1	die	*ʔit͡ɬʼe	kʼi-	bi-es	qʼi-	kʼ-	ji=kʼ-	qʼäj-	s=a=qʼ-	ji=qʼe-	q-e=kʼe-
5.2	die	*ʔilχʷe	χʷi-	<none>	<none>	<none>	jiχ-	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
6	I	*zo-n	zon	zu	zun	zun	uzu	zɪn	zɪn	zɪ	zu
7.1	liver	*pV[r/l]ʃːʷ-	(purʃːǝ-qat)	puˤʃpuˤʃ (Khaidakov)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
7.2	liver	*lät͡ɬʼ	<none>	<none>	leqʼ	lekʼ	likʼ	läħä-läħkäm	(laʕa)-leqʼ	laqʼ	kʼɪl'kʼam
7.3	liver	*χ(ː)ultːul	(χurtːur-tːi)	<none>	(tuχul)	(χudul)	(ʁurdil)	taχul (Al.)	(tuχul)	(χudul)	<none>
8	eye	*ʔʷil	lur	pul	wil	ul	ul	ʕül	ʕül	ul	ul'
9.1	hand	*χːɪl	χol	<none>	ʁil	ʁil	χil	<none>	<none>	χɪl	χɪl
9.2	hand	*kʷil	kul	kul	(kul)	(kul) (Burk.)	(kül-er)	<none>	<none>	(kül-äg)	<none>
9.3	hand	*χːamː	<none>	(maχˤa) (Nidzh.)	(ʁab)	(χab)	(χab)	χäb	(χab)	<none>	<none>
9.4	hand	*kːap(ː)	<none>	<none>	kːap, kapaʃ	gap	<none>	gäbät͡ʃ	<none>	gap	<none>
10.1	hear	*ʔeɬ(ː)ɨ-	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	je=x-	ix-	ix-	(g-i=xe-)	qːa=xe-
10.2	hear	*ʔi(r)kɨ(r)-	ko-	<none>	<none>	<none>	ji=k- (Düb.)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
11.1	tree	*har ?	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	har	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
11.2	tree	*jol ?	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	jɨv
11.3	tree	*kʼʷ[i/ɨ]r	<none>	(kːir)	<none>	kʼur	(kʼur)	(kʼʷar)	<none>	<none>	<none>
11.4	tree	*tːar	<none>	<none>	tːar	(dar)	<none>	(dar)	(dǝr)	<none>	<none>
11.5	tree	*χːʷar(-tː)	(χːat)	χod	(ʁʷar)	(ʁʷad)	(ʁʷard)	<none>	<none>	(χɨd)	(hala-χːʷar)
11.6	tree	*χːʷɨ(r)k	χːʷak	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	χuk	<none>
12.1	fish	*χˤawχˤaj	χˤabχˤi	<none>	<none>	<none>	(χˤaχˤa)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
12.2	fish	*χˤːanː	<none>	<none>	ʁed	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	χˤat (Shin.)	<none>
12.3	fish	*t͡ʃʷiˤlä-	<none>	t͡ʃaˤli	<none>	(t͡ʃuˤlle-f)	<none>	<none>	(t͡ʃula-d͡ʒ)	(ʃildɨ)	(t͡ʃiˤwan)
12.	fish	*t͡ʃʼet͡ɬʼ(ː)	<none>	<none>	<none>	t͡ʃʼekː	t͡ʃit͡ʃʼ (Kand.)	(t͡ʃʼuk-nu)	<none>	<none>	<none>
13	name	*t͡sʼːʷer	t͡sʼor	t͡sːi	tʼʷar	tːur	t͡ʃː˅ur	tɪr	tur	dur	do
14.1	stone	*t͡ʃʼVl- ?	t͡ʃʼele	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
14.2	stone	*qːʷan	(qʷan)	<none>	qːʷan	ʁʷan	ʁʷan	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
14.3	stone	*χ(ː)utː	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	χud	<none>	duχul	<none>
14.4	stone	*t͡ʃːeH ?	<none>	ʒeˤ	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
15.1	tooth	*sɪlː	sot	uluχ	<none>	sileb	slib	sil	sil	sɪlab	sili
15.2	tooth	*s(ː)ars	<none>	<none>	sas	<none>	sars	<none>	<none>	sɪs	<none>
16.1	breast	*moχor	(moχor)	<none>	χur	muχur	muχur	maχar	maχar	mɨχɨr	(muχu)
16.2	breast	*ʔawχː(a)	χːʷa	aqˤ	<none>	(aχʷ)	<none>	<none>	<none>	(waχ (Khniukh.))	<none>
17.1	thou	*uo-n	un	un	wun	wun	uwu	wɪn	wɪn	wɪ	wu
17.2	thou	*ʁu	<none>	hu-n (Nidzh.)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	ʁu (Shin.)	ʁu
17.3	thou (oblique)	*-itː-	w-it	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
18.1	path	*riχ	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	riχ	(riχ)	(riχ)	<none>	<none>
18.2	path	*räqʼˤː	deqʼˤ	jaqː	req	reqː	raqˤː	<none>	<none>	raqˤ	jaqˤ
19.1	bone	*jirt͡ɬʼː	<none>	uqːˤejn	<none>	irkː	jirkːi (Düb.)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
19.2	bone	*t͡ɬʼorapː	<none>	<none>	kʼarab	kʼarab (Fit.)	kʼurab	kʼäräpʼ	kʼerepʼ	qʼɨrɨb	<none>
19.3	bone	*läk	lekːi	<none>	<none>	(lak)	(lik)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
19.4	bone	*pːalkʼʷ	<none>	<none>	(pːarkʼʷ (Khl.))	<none>	<none>	(bekʼ)	<none>	(barkʼʷ (Al.))	barkʼʷ
20	tongue	*melt͡sː	mat͡s	muz	mez	mez	melz	mez	mez	miz	miz
21.1	skin	*leʔ	(ili)	<none>	(li)	(leʔ)	(liʔ)	leʕ	(läʕ)	(leʔ (Khniukh.))	(le-kʼʷa)
21.2	skin	*qːärkʷa	<none>	<none>	(qːark (Khl.))	(qːark (Burk.))	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	ʁekʷa
21.3	skin	*qʼɨnːɨqʼ	qʼonqʼ	<none>	(qit͡sːiqʼ)	(qʼiriqʼ (bursh))	(ʁidiqʼ)	<none>	(qːind͡ʒeqʼ)	qʼɨdɨqʼ	<none>
21.4	skin	*tʼol ?	<none>	tːol	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
21.5	skin	*χam(a)	<none>	<none>	χam	χam	χam	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
22.1	night	*χˤːa[m/n]ː	(χˤːanaχˤ)	<none>	<none>	(χˤawaqˤ)	(χˤabaqˤ)	<none>	<none>	<none>	χˤam
22.2	night	*ʡiʃːʷ	iʃ	ʃü	jif	ʕüʃ	jiʃ˅	jif	jud͡ʒend͡ʒid͡ʒ	wɨʃ / huʃ	<none>
23.1	leaf	*t͡ɬʼat͡ʃʼa	kʼat͡ʃʼi	(kːät͡ʃː)	(qʼat͡ʃ)	kʼeʒ	kʼaʒ	(qʼät͡ʃ)	(qʼǝt͡ʃ)	(qʼat͡ʃ)	(kʼat͡ʃʼa)
23.2	leaf	*pːaˤʃa	<none>	<none>	pːeʃ	pʼaˤʒ	<none>	beʃ	(beʃ)	<none>	<none>
23.3	leaf	*(t͡ɬʼʷɨ)rɨt͡ɬʼʷ	<none>	<none>	riqʼˤ-äj (Khl.)	<none>	<none>	<none>	(kʼurukʼ)	qʼuruqʼ	<none>
23.4	leaf	*tʼʷela	<none>	(alatːa (?))	(tʼʷal)	(tʼul)	(tʼul)	(tʼɨl)	(tʼul)	(tʼul)	tʼele
23.5	leaf	*χːat͡sː- ?	<none>	χazal	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
24.1	blood	*p[ː/ʼ]ij	bi	pːi	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	ä-bir	e-b
24.2	blood	*ɬːʷ[i/ɨ]j	<none>	<none>	i-vi	<none>	i-fi	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
24.3	blood	*ʔäʔ	<none>	<none>	iwi	iʔ	ifi	<none>	<none>	äbir	eb
24.4	blood	*ʔ(ˤ)irɨ-	<none>	<none>	(jaru)	(iref)	(üru)	(iri), iräd͡ʒ	ird	(irdɪ)	<none>
25.1	horn	*k(ʼ)alt͡ʃ	<none>	<none>	kart͡ʃ	kʼart͡ʃ	kʼart͡ʃ	kät͡ʃ	kǝrt͡ʃ	kat͡ʃ	gat͡ʃ
25.2	horn	*pːaˤlː	bat	<none>	(pːel)	<none>	<none>	(bel)	(belid͡ʒ)	(bäl)	<none>
25.3	horn	*qːˤa[n]t͡sʼ(a)	<none>	qːˤant͡sː	<none>	<none>	(ʁˤaʁˤat͡s)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
26.1	man	*ʃːʷij	<none>	iʃu, iʃ-qːar	-vi	ʃuj	ʒ˅i	firi	furi	<none>	<none>
26.2	man	(*t͡ɬːilV-)	(t͡ɬele)	<none>	<none>	(ile-f )	(ʒilir)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
26.3	man	(*[m/u]ort͡ɬːɨl)	(met͡ɬle)	<none>	(rugul)	<none>	(murgu-ʒ˅i)	(miɣil)	(wɨli)	(wɨɣɨl-dɨ)	(wɨɣɨli-n)
26.4	man	(*wV(r)ʃ-)	(boʃor)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
27.1	knee	*[qʼ]ara[TS]aj	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	(t͡ʃʼaraqʼaj)	qʼarat͡sa
27.2	knee	*qʼamqʼ	<none>	<none>	<none>	qʼʷaqʼʷ	qʼamqʼ	<none>	<none>	qʼwaqʼ	<none>
27.3	knee	*p{ʼ}ɨˤmp{ʼ}	poˤmp	<none>	(pʼipʼ)	<none>	(pʼipʼ)	pip	pep	<none>	<none>
27.4	knee	*kʼ[ä/e][l/r]kʼ-	<none>	kːaˤkːaˤp	(kʼerkʼem (Akht.))	(kʼekʼ)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
28	one	*sːa	os	sa	sa	sad	sa	säd	sad	sa	sa
29.1	nose	*quʃ ?	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	quʃ
29.2	nose	*qˤʷaqˤʷ(a)	<none>	<none>	(qʷeq)	qˤuqˤ	qˤuqˤ	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
29.3	nose	*mu(l)t͡ʃː	mut͡ʃ	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
29.4	nose	*muʔel	(muˤl)	<none>	ner	(muʔul)	<none>	miʔel	meʔel	<none>	<none>
29.5	nose	*ɬerɬ	<none>	<none>	(xirx-am)	(xirx (Burk.))	(ʃurʃ)	<none>	<none>	xex	(xirxi-man)
29.6	nose	*[w/pː]V(r)χ-mVʁ	<none>	boχˤmoʁˤ	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
30	full	*hˤat͡sʼɨ-	āt͡sʼa-tːut	buj	at͡sʼaj	at͡sʼuf	at͡sʼu	ʕat͡sʼäd	sǝt͡sʼǝ	at͡sʼɨd	gʲat͡sʼɨn
31.1	come	*ʔVʔʷV(r)-	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	ruʔu-	=ōr-a (pres.)
31.2	come	*ʔiχ(ː)[e/ɨ]	<none>	<none>	<none>	(χi- (Bursh.))	<none>	-χä(ri)	-χa(ri)	(=ɨrɨχ (imper.))	<none>
31.3	come	*ʔiʃːä-	(batː-eʃːa-)	<none>	(ʒe-)	ʃa-w (imp.)	(ʃ-)	(ʃe-ri (dur.))	ʕa-ʃ-χar	(w-iʃir (term.))	<none>
31.4	come	*ʔirqʼär-	(e=qʼi-)	ej-sun	(aqʼa-)	(ruqʼ-)	(ru=qʼ-)	(w-oqʼ-)	(t͡ʃu=raqʼar)	jɨ=qʼa-	(aw-a=qʼar-)
31.5	come	*ʔiqˤːʷä-	(qˤe-s,herqˤa-s)	(eʁa-lo)	qːʷe- (inf.)	(baˤ-)	ʁˤ-	(t-uʁ-)	(t͡ʃ-a=ʁ-)	(qˤ-u=ʁˤu-)	(=ɨqːˤa-)
31.6	come	*ʔiɬʷe	<none>	<none>	fi-	<none>	(ʁa-f-nu(term))	ʕu=x-	w-i=x- (term)	(h-ɨxɨ-r(term))	(q-ɨ=xe-)
31.7	come	*ʔart͡ɬːe-	a=t͡ɬi-	((?) qaj)	<none>	adi-	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	q-ale-
32.1	star	*χˤːanːa	χˤːoloʃ-qˤan	<none>	ʁed	ħad	χˤad	ħät͡ʃʼ	ħat͡ʃʼ	χˤadij	χˤane
32.2	star	*mot͡sʼː- ?	<none>	muˤt͡ʃːuli	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
33.1	mountain	*sɨwa	(sob)	bu-ruχ	suw	su	siw	<none>	<none>	(sɨw)	sɨwa
33.2	mountain	*pːaˤl(ː)(a)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	bel	<none>	(bäl)	<none>
33.3	mountain	*mu[h/ʔ]ˤVl	mul	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
34	fire	*t͡sʼaj	ot͡sʼ	aruχ	t͡sʼaj	t͡sʼa	t͡sʼa	t͡sʼä	t͡sʼǝ	t͡sʼaj	t͡sʼa
35.1	we (inclusive)	*d͡ɮä-n	nen	jan	<none>	xin	<none>	jin	jin	jä	<none>
35.2	we (exclusive)	*d͡ʒi-n	<none>	(b-eʃi)	tun	t͡ʃin	ut͡ʃu	ʒin	<none>	ʒi	ʃi
36.1	drink	*HVqːVr-	(huqi)	uʁˤ-sun	<none>	<none>	u=qː-	qːɨr-	s-o=ʁr-	raʁˤa-	il'-o=ʁˤa-
36.2	drink	*ʔoqʷa-	((mam)=uχa-)	<none>	qʷa-	(uq-)	(u=q-)	(t͡ʃ-oq-)	<none>	<none>	(gʲ-o=qa-)
36.3	drink	*ʔoχʷa	(χːu-bus)	<none>	(χʷa-l)	uχ-	uχ-	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
36.4	drink	???	t͡sʼa-bus	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
37.1	see	*ʔakʷːä-	=akːu-	akː-sun	akʷːa-	agʷ-	(a=g-)	<none>	<none>	h-a=gʷa-	(h-a=gʷa-)
37.2	see	*ʔarqʼˤːä-	<none>	(b-aʁˤa-jesun)	<none>	raqˤːa-	raqˤː-	irq-	irq-	(g-a=qːa-)	<none>
37.3	see	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	ʁaʒes
38	new	t͡sʼen[j/w]ä	mat͡sʼatːut	ini	t͡sʼiji	t͡sʼajif	t͡sʼiji	t͡sʼijä	<none>	t͡sʼindɨ	t͡sʼedɨn
39.1	dog	*χʷːäja	<none>	χˤa	<none>	ʁuj	χuj	χʷar	χor	χij	χʷa
39.2	dog	*[k]i[t͡sʼ]	<none>	(kːit͡sːi)	kit͡sʼ	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	(t͡sʼikʼ)	<none>
39.3	dog	<none>	//gʷat͡ʃːi)//	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
40	sun	*wiraqː	barq	beʁˤ	raʁ	raʁ	riʁ	viraʁ	viraʁ	virɨʁ	virɨʁ

Abkhaz-Tapant 40-word list

Abkhaz-Tapant 40-word list...

Index	Concept	PAT	Abkhaz	Abaza
1	louse	*t͡sʼʲa	a-t͡sʼá	t͡sʼa
2	two	*ʕʷǝ	ʕʷ-bá	ʕʷ-ba
3	water	*d͡zǝ́	a-d͡zǝ́	d͡zǝ
4	ear	*lǝ-mǝħa	a-lǝ́mħa	lǝmħa
5	die	*pǝsʲǝ-	a-ps-rá	ps-ra
6	I	*sa-ra	sa-rá	sa-ra
7	liver	*t͡sʼʷa	a-gʷa-t͡ʃʼá	t͡ʃʼʷa
8	eye	*(bǝ)la	á-(b)la	la
9	hand	*napʼǝ	a-na-pʼǝ́	napʼǝ
10.1	hear	*(a)ʕʷA-	(cognate)	aʕa-ra
10.2	hear	*ħa-	a-ħa-rá	(cognate)
11	tree	*t͡sʼǝla	á-t͡sʼla	t͡sʼla
12	fish	*pǝsʲǝ-	a-psǝ́d͡z	pslat͡ʃwa
13	name	*xʲǝd͡zǝ	á-χʲd͡z	χʲzǝ
14	stone	ħaqʷǝ / qaħʷǝ	χaħw	ħaqwǝ
15	tooth	*t͡sǝ	(cognate)	pǝ-t͡s
16	breasts	(*kʼǝkʼa)	a-kʼǝ́kʼa	kʼǝkʼa
17	thou	*wa-	wa-rá	wa-ra
18	path	*mǝʕʷa	á-mʕʷa	mʕʷa
19	bone	*bAʕʷǝ	á-baʕʷ	bʕʷǝ
20	tongue	*bǝzǝ	á-bz	bzǝ
21	skin	*t͡sʷa	a-t͡ʃá	t͡ʃʷa
22.1	night	*t͡s(ʼ)ǝxǝ	á-t͡sʼχ	t͡sʼχǝ
22.2	night	*wa-qǝ	(wa-χá)	wa-qǝ
23	leaf	*bǝɣʲǝ	a-bʁʲǝ́	bʁʲǝ
24	blood	*ʃʲa	a-ʃʲá	ʃʲá
25.1	horn	*tʼʷǝ-ʕʷa	a-tʼʷǝ́-ʕʷa	t͡ʃʼʷʕʷa
25.2	horn	*mǝsʲa	á-msa	msa
26.1	person	*wa-	a-wa-ʕwǝ́	wa-ʕa
26.2	person	*ʕʷǝ	a-wa-ʕʷǝ́	ʕʷǝ
26.3	person	*q:at͡sʲʼa	a-χát͡sʼa	q:at͡sʼa
27	knee	*ʃʲa-mǝ-qA	a-ʃʲa-mχǝ́	ʃʲa-mqa
28	one	*zV	(cognate)	za-kʼǝ
29	nose	*pǝ-nǝ-t͡sʼʲa	a-pǝ́-nt͡sʼa	pǝnt͡sʼa
30	full	*(a)zǝ-na	á-zna	azna(ta)
31	come	*jǝ	a-né-jra	ʕa-jra
32	star	*ja-t͡sʼʷa	á-jet͡ʃʼa	jat͡ʃʼʷa
33.1	mountain	*ʃʲ́ǝqa	á-ʃʲχa	ʃʲqa
33.2	mountain	*xʷA	(cognate)	χwa
34	fire	*mǝt͡sʼa	á-mt͡sa	mt͡sa
35	we	*ħa	ħa-rá	ħa-ra
36	drink	*zʷǝ-	á-ʒ-ra	ʒʷ-ra
37	see	*ba-	a-ba-rá	ba-ra
38	new	*t͡sʼʲǝ-t͡sʲǝ	a-t͡ʃʼǝ́-t͡s	t͡ʃʼǝ-t͡s
39	dog	*la	a-lá	la
40	sun	*mAra	á-mra	mara

Circassian 40-word list

Circassian 40-word list...

Index	Concept	PAK	Adyghe	Kabardian
1	louse	*t͡sʼa	t͡sʼa	t͡sʼa
2	two	*tʼʡʷǝ	tʼʷǝ	tʼʷǝ
3	water	*psǝ	psǝ	psǝ
4	ear	*tħá-kʼʷǝma	tħākʼʷǝm	tħākʼʷǝma
5	die	*t͡ɬʼa	t͡ɬʼa-n	t͡ɬʼa-n
6	I	*sa	sa	sa
7.1	liver	*t͡sʼʷǝ	sʼʲʷǝ	<none>
7.2	liver	*tħamǝt͡sʼʲǝʁʷǝ	tħamsʼʲǝʁw	tħamsʼʲǝʁw
8	eye	*na	na	na
9	hand	*ʡa	ʡa	ʡa
10	hear	*xǝ-	zaxa-xǝ-n	zaxa-xǝ-n
11	tree	*t͡ʃ:ǝ́-ɣǝ	t͡ʃǝ-ɣǝ	ʒǝ-ɣǝ
12	fish	*p:t͡s:a	pt͡sa	bd͡za
13	name	*t͡sʼa	t͡sʼa	t͡sʼa
14	stone	*mǝzʷá	mǝʒa	mǝva
15	tooth	*t͡s:a	t͡sa	d͡za
16.2	breasts	(*pʼt͡ɬʼa)	(pʼt͡ɬʼa)	(pʼt͡ɬʼa)
16.3	breasts	(*bʁa-)	bʁa-	(bʁa-)
16.5	breasts	(*bǝd͡zǝ́)	bǝd͡zǝ	bǝd͡z
17	thou	*wa	wa	wa
18	path	*ʁʷa-gʷǝ́	ʁʷa-gʷ	ʁʷa-gʷ
19	bone	(*p:q:ǝ)	(p:q:ǝ)	(p:q:ǝ)
20	tongue	????	????	????
21	skin	*sʷa	ʃa	fa
22	night	*t͡ʃʲ:aʃʲǝ́	t͡ʃʲ:aʃʲǝ	ʒasʲ
23.2	leaf	*tħá(m)pa	tħāp	tħa(m)pa
24	blood	*ɬǝ	ɬǝ	ɬǝ
25.1	horn	*bzʲa-q:ʷá	bzʲā-q:ʷa	bzʲā-q:ʷa
25.2	horn	*bzʲa	bzʲa	bzʲa
26.3	person	*t͡sʼǝ-xʷǝ́	t͡sʼǝ-fǝ	*t͡sʼǝ-xʷ
26.6	person	*t͡ɬʲʼǝ	t͡ɬʲʼǝ	t͡ɬʲʼǝ
27.2	knee	*ɬa-gʷa(n)ʒá	ɬa-gwānd͡ʒa	ɬa-gwāzʲa
28	one	*zǝ	zǝ	zǝ
29	nose	*pa	pa	pa
30	full	*jǝ́-zǝ	jǝz	jǝz
31	come	????	????	????
32.2	star	*zʷa-ʁʷá	ʒā-ʁʷa	vā-ʁʷa
33.1	mountain	*bɣǝ	(cognate)	bɣǝ
33.3	mountain	*q:ʷǝ-sʲħá	q:ʷǝ-sʲħa	(cognate)
34	fire	*mat͡sʼʷá	māʃʼa	māfʼa
35.2	we	*t:a	ta	da
36	drink	*jǝ-sʷ[ǝ/a]-	ja-ʃa-n	ja-fa-n
37	see	????	????	????
38.2	new	*t͡ʃʼʲa	t͡ʃʼʲa	sʼʲa
39	dog	*ħa	ħa	ħa
40	sun	*t:ǝʁá	tǝʁa	dǝʁa

Ubykh 40-word list

Ubykh 40-word list...

Index	Concept	Ubykh
1	louse	tʼa-kʼʲ
2	two	tʼqʼʷǝ
3	water	bzǝ
4	ear	ɮakʼʷǝma
5	die	dǝ-wá
6	I	sǝ-ʁʷá
7	liver	gʲǝ-t͡sʷá-bˤa
8	eye	bɮa
9.2	hand	qʼā-pʼá
10	hear	qʼʷǝ-
11	tree	ʁʷǝnǝ́
12	fish	psa
13	name	pʼt͡sʼa
14	stone	ɮaqʲá
15	tooth	t͡sa-kʼʲǝ́
16.1	breasts	pʼt͡ɬʼǝ-fá
16.2	breasts	bʁʲa
16.3	breasts	mǝqʲá
16.5	breasts	bǝd͡z
17	thou	wǝ-ʁʷá
18	path	mǝʁʲá
19	bone	pqǝ
20	tongue	bzʲa
21.1	skin	t͡sʷa
21.2	skin	tχamǝ́
22.1	night	sʲǝsʲǝ́
22.2	night	ʃʷǝwá
23.1	leaf	pʼt͡sʲʼa-pá pʼt͡sʲʼá-wa
24	blood	ɬa
25	horn	qʲa
26	person	tǝt
27	knee	ɬa-mā-ʃa
28	one	za
29	nose	fa-t͡sʼʲá
30	full	ʁa-zá
31	come	<none>
32.1	star	t͡sʼwa(n)kʼʲ
33	mountain	ɬaxá
34	fire	mǝd͡ʒʲá
35	we	ʃʲǝ-ʁwá
36	drink	d͡zwa-
37	see	bǝjá-
38	new	t͡ʃʼʲa
39	dog	wˤa
40	sun	ndʁa

PWC 40-word list

PWC 40-word list...

Index	Concept	PWC	PAT	Abkhaz	Abaza	PAK	Adyghe	Kabardian	Ubykh
1	louse	*t͡sʼʲA	*t͡sʼʲa	a-t͡sʼá	t͡sʼa	*t͡sʼa	t͡sʼa	t͡sʼa	(tʼa-t͡sʼʲ) /tʼa-kʼʲ/
2	two	*tqʲ:ˤʷA	*ʕʷǝ	ʕʷ-bá	ʕʷ-ba	*tʼʡʷǝ	tʼʷǝ	tʼʷǝ	tʼqʼʷǝ
3	water	*bzǝ	*d͡zǝ́	a-d͡zǝ́	d͡zǝ	*psǝ	psǝ	psǝ	bzǝ
4	ear	d͡ɮA / lʲA	*lǝ-mǝħa	a-lǝ́mħa	lǝmħa	*tħá-kʼʷǝma	tħākʼʷǝm	tħākʼʷǝma	ɮakʼʷǝma	cf. Semitic *šVmaʕ-
5.1	die	*pǝ-sʲʷA	*pǝsʲǝ-	a-ps-rá	ps-ra	(cognate)	(cognate)	(cognate)	(cognate)
5.2	die	t͡ɬʼa	(cognate)	(cognate)	(cognate)	t͡ɬʼa	t͡ɬʼa-n	t͡ɬʼa-n	<none>
5.3	die	*dV	(cognate)	(cognate)	(cognate)	(cognate)	(cognate)	(cognate)	dǝ-wá
6	I	*sA	*sa-ra	sa-rá	sa-ra	*sa	sa	sa	sǝ-ʁʷá
7.1	liver	*t͡sʼʷA	*t͡sʼʷa	a-gʷa-t͡ʃʼá	t͡ʃʼʷa	*t͡sʼʷǝ	sʼʲʷǝ	<none>	gʲǝ-t͡sʷá-bˤa
7.2	liver	lamǝt͡sʼʲʷǝ- ?	<none>	<none>	<none>	*tħamǝt͡sʼʲǝʁʷǝ	tħamsʼʲǝʁw	tħamsʼʲǝʁw	<none>
8	eye	*b-lʲa	*(bǝ)la	á-(b)la	la	*na	na	na	bɮa
9.1	hand	*mV	*napʼǝ	a-na-pʼǝ́	napʼǝ	(cognate)	(cognate)	(cognate)	(cognate)
9.2	hand	*q[ʼ/:]ʲˤa	<none>	<none>	<none>	*ʡa	*ʡa	*ʡa	qʼā-pʼá
10.1	hear	*qʲ:ˤʷA	*(a)ʕʷA-	(cognate)	aʕa-ra	(cognate)	(cognate)	(cognate)	qʼʷǝ-
10.2	hear	*χ(ˤ)a- ???	*ħa-	a-ħa-rá	(cognate)	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
10.3	hear	*[ɬ]ʷǝ- ???	<none>	<none>	<none>	*xǝ-	zaxa-xǝ-n	zaxa-xǝ-n	<none>
11.1	tree	*t͡ʃʲʷ:ǝ	<none>	<none>	<none>	*t͡ʃ:ǝ́-ɣǝ	t͡ʃǝ-ɣǝ	ʒǝ-ɣǝ	<none>
11.2	tree	*t͡sʼǝla	*t͡sʼǝla	á-*t͡sʼla	*t͡sʼla	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
11.3	tree	*ʁʷǝnǝ	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	ʁʷǝnǝ́
12	fish	*p:ǝʃA	*pǝsʲǝ-	a-psǝ́d͡z	pslat͡ʃwa	*p:t͡s:a	pt͡sa	bd͡za	psa
13.1	name	*xʲǝd͡zǝ ???	*xʲǝd͡zǝ	á-χʲd͡z	χʲzǝ	<none>	<none>	<none>
13.2	name	(P)t͡sʼa	<none>	<none>	<none>	*t͡sʼa	t͡sʼa	t͡sʼa	pʼt͡sʼa
14.1	stone	χʲaq:ʷǝ ???	ħaqʷǝ / qaħʷǝ	χaħw	ħaqwǝ	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
14.2	stone	*mǝzʷa	<none>	<none>	<none>	*mǝzʷá	mǝʒa	mǝva	<none>
14.3	stone	*d͡ɮaqʲ:a ???	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	ɮaqʲá
15	tooth	*t͡s:A	*t͡sǝ	(cognate)	pǝ-t͡s	*t͡s:a	t͡sa	d͡za	t͡sa-kʼʲǝ́
16.1	breasts	(*kʼǝkʼa)	(*kʼǝkʼa)	a-kʼǝ́kʼa	kʼǝkʼa	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
16.2	breasts	(*P(ǝ)t͡ɬʼʲV)	<none>	<none>	<none>	(*pʼt͡ɬʼa)	(pʼt͡ɬʼa)	(pʼt͡ɬʼa)	pʼt͡ɬʼǝ-fá
16.3	breasts	(*b-ʁʲa)	<PAT>	<Abkhaz>	<Abaza>	(*bʁa-)	bʁa-	(bʁa-)	bʁʲa
16.4	breasts	(*mVqʲ:a)	<none>	(á-maχa)	(maqa)	<none>	<none>	<none>	mǝqʲá
16.5	breasts	(*bǝd͡[z/ʒ]ǝ)	<none>	<none>	<none>	(*bǝd͡zǝ́)	bǝd͡zǝ	bǝd͡z	bǝd͡z
17	thou	*wA	*wa-	wa-rá	wa-ra	*wa	wa	wa	wǝ-ʁʷá
18	path	*mʁʲʷa	*mǝʕʷa	á-mʕʷa	mʕʷa	*ʁʷa-gʷǝ́	ʁʷa-gʷ	ʁʷa-gʷ	mǝʁʲá
19	bone	*[b/p:][ǝ/ǝ̃]q:ˤʷǝ	*bAʕʷǝ	á-baʕʷ	bʕʷǝ	(*p:q:ǝ)	(p:q:ǝ)	(p:q:ǝ)	//pqǝ//
20	tongue	*bǝzʲA	*bǝzǝ	á-bz	bzǝ	(cognate)	(cognate)	(cognate)	bzʲa
21.1	skin	*t͡sʷa	*t͡sʷa	a-t͡ʃá	t͡ʃʷa	*sʷa	ʃa	fa	t͡sʷa
21.2	skin	*t-q:amǝ	(*qamǝ)	(a-χamǝ)́	(qamǝ)	<none>	<none>	<none>	tχamǝ́
22.1	night	*t͡ɬ:Vɬ:V	*t͡s(ʼ)ǝxǝ	á-t͡sʼχ	t͡sʼχǝ	*t͡ʃʲ:aʃʲǝ́	t͡ʃʲ:aʃʲǝ	ʒasʲ	sʲǝsʲǝ́
22.2	night	*q:A	*wa-qǝ	(wa-χá)	wa-qǝ	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
22.3	night	*t͡[ʃ/s]ʲʷǝ-d͡ɮa	<none>	<none>	<none>	sʲħa	(-sʲħ)	(-sʲħa)	ʃʷǝwá
23.1	leaf	*[p:/b]ǝɢʲǝ	*bǝɣʲǝ	a-bʁʲǝ́	bʁʲǝ	<none>	<none>	<none>	(bʁʲǝ-)
23.2	leaf	*[d͡ɮ/l]a(m)pa	<none>	<none>	<none>	*tħá(m)pa	tħāp	*tħa(m)pa	<none>
23.3	leaf	(*pʼt͡ɬʼa)	<none>	<none>	<none>	(*pʼt͡ʃʼá-sʲa)	(pʼt͡ʃʲʼā-sʲ)	(pʼsʲʼā-sʲa)	pʼt͡sʲʼa-pá pʼt͡sʲʼá-wa
24	blood	ɬʲA	*ʃʲa	a-ʃʲá	ʃʲá	*ɬǝ	ɬǝ	ɬǝ	ɬa
25.1	horn	*qʲ:ʷa	*tʼʷǝ-ʕʷa	a-tʼʷǝ́-ʕʷa	t͡ʃʼʷʕʷa	*bzʲa-q:ʷá	bzʲā-q:ʷa	bzʲā-q:ʷa	qʲa
25.2	horn	*pǝ̃ʃa	*mǝsʲa	á-msa	msa	(*-psa)	(ɬā-psa)	(q:wa-ps)	(ʎa-msá)
25.3	horn	*bǝ̃zʲʷa	<none>	(ʃʲa-mza)	<none>	*bzʲa	bzʲa	bzʲa	(-ʒʷa)
26.1	person	*wV	*wa-	a-wa-ʕwǝ́ (a-t͡ʃǝ-wa-(ʕwǝ́))	wa-ʕa	(*t͡ʃǝ-wǝ́)	(ʃǝwǝ)	(ʃuw)	<none>
26.2	person	*ʁʷV	*ʕʷǝ	a-wa-ʕʷǝ́	ʕʷǝ	<none>	<none>	<none>	(ʁʷa)
26.3	person	t͡sʲ(ʼ)ǝ /	<none>	<none>	<none>	*t͡sʼǝ-xʷǝ́	t͡sʼǝ-fǝ	*t͡sʼǝ-xʷ	(t͡sʲǝ́t͡sʲa)
26.4	person	*tǝtǝ ???	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	tǝt
26.5	person	*q:at͡sʲʼa	*q:at͡sʲʼa	a-χát͡sʼa	q:at͡sʼa	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
26.6	person	*t͡ɬʲʼǝ	<none>	<none>	<none>	*t͡ɬʲʼǝ	t͡ɬʲʼǝ	t͡ɬʲʼǝ	<none>
27.1	knee	*mV	(na-pʼǝ) < (ma-pʼǝ) *ʃʲa-mǝ-qA	(a-na-pʼǝ́) a-ʃʲa-mχǝ́	(napʼǝ) ʃʲa-mqa	(*ɬa-gʷa(n)ʒa-mǝ-sʲħa)	(ɬagʷand͡ʒa-mǝ-sʲħ)	(ɬagʷazʲa-mǝʃʲħa)	ɬa-mā-ʃa
27.2	knee	*gʷan(ǝ)ʒʲa	<none>	<none>	<none>	*ɬa-gʷa(n)ʒá	ɬa-gwānd͡ʒa	ɬa-gwāzʲa	<Ubykh>
28	one	*zV	*zV	(cognate)	za-kʼǝ	*zǝ	zǝ	zǝ	za
29	nose	*pʷA	*pǝ-nǝ-t͡sʼʲa	a-pǝ́-nt͡sʼa	pǝnt͡sʼa	*pa	pa	pa	fa-t͡sʼʲá
30	full	*zA	*(a)zǝ-na	á-zna	azna(ta)	*jǝ́-zǝ	jǝz	jǝz	ʁa-zá
31	come	*jǝ	*jǝ	a-né-jra	ʕa-jra	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
32.1	star	t͡s(ʼ)ʷa	*ja-t͡sʼʷa	á-jet͡ʃʼa	jat͡ʃʼʷa	(cognate)	(cognate)	(cognate)	t͡sʼwa(n)kʼʲ
32.2	star	*zʷV	(cognate)	(cognate)	(cognate)	*zʷa-ʁʷá	ʒā-ʁʷa	vā-ʁʷa	(cognate)
33.1	mountain	*bǝ(̃)ɣV	(cognate)	(cognate)	<none>	*bɣǝ	(cognate)	bɣǝ	<none>
33.2	mountain	*ɬʲV	*ʃʲ́ǝqa	á-ʃʲχa	ʃʲqa	(cognate)	(cognate)	(cognate)	ɬaxá
33.3	mountain	*qʼˤʷV	<none>	<none>	<none>	*q:ʷǝ-sʲħá	q:ʷǝ-sʲħa	(cognate)	(cognate)
33.4	mountain	*xʷA	*xʷA	(cognate)	χwa	<none>	<none>	<none>	ɬaxá
34	fire	*mAt͡sʼʷa	*mǝt͡sʼa	á-mt͡sa	mt͡sa	*mat͡sʼʷá	māʃʼa	māfʼa	mǝd͡ʒʲá
35.1	we	???	*ħa	ħa-rá	*ħa-ra	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>
35.2	we	???	<none>	<none>	<none>	*t:a	ta	da	<none>
35.3	we	???	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	<none>	ʃʲǝ-ʁwá
36	drink	*zʷA	*zʷǝ-	á-ʒ-ra	ʒʷ-ra	*jǝ-sʷ[ǝ/a]-	ja-ʃa-n	ja-fa-n	d͡zwa-
37	see	*[b/p:]A	*ba-	a-ba-rá	ba-ra	<none>	<none>	<none>	bǝjá-
38.1	new	*t͡sʼʲA	*t͡sʼʲǝ-t͡sʲǝ	a-t͡ʃʼǝ́-t͡s	t͡ʃʼǝ-t͡s	(cognate)	(cognate)	(cognate)	t͡ʃʼʲa
38.2	new	*t͡ʃʼʷa	(cognate)	(cognate)	(cognate)	*t͡ʃʼʲa	t͡ʃʼʲa	sʼʲa	(cognate)
39	dog	*d͡ɮˤʷa	*la	a-lá	la	*ħa	ħa	ħa	wˤa
40	sun	*(mV)-rǝʁa	*mAra	á-mra	mara	*t:ǝʁá	tǝʁa	dǝʁa	ndʁa

Khinalugh 40-word list

Khinalugh 40-word list...

Index	Concept	Khinalugh
1	louse	nimt͡sʼ
2	two	kʼu
3	water	xu
4	ear	tʼop
5	die	kʼ-
6	I	zɨ
7	liver	<none>
8	eye	pil
9	hand	kul
10	hear	k-i
11	tree	wiʃä
12	fish	<none>
13	name	t͡sʼu
14	stone	rɨt͡sʼɨn
15	tooth	t͡suloz
16	breasts	<none>
17.1	thou	wɨ
17.2	thou	oχ
18	path	kʼʷar
19	bone	inkʼ
20	tongue	mit͡sʼ
21	skin	tʼäsi
22	night	san
23	leaf	<none>
24	blood	pʼi
25	horn	wät͡ʃ
26	person	lɨgɨld
27	knee	nik
28	one	sa
29	nose	kʼɨtɨr
30	full	t͡sʼi
31	come	ka-
32	star	pχunt͡sʼ
33	mountain	mɨda
34	fire	t͡ʃʼä
35.1	we (inclusive)	ki-n
35.2	we (exclusive)	ji-r
36	drink	t͡su-(wi)
37.1	see	zaʁ-
37.2	see	d-aχi
38	new	<none>
39	dog	pχra
40	sun	ɨnqʼ

Lak 40-word list

Lak 40-word list...

Index	Concept	Lak
1	louse	nat͡sʼ
2	two	kʼi=a
3	water	ʃ:in
4	ear	wit͡ʃʼi
5.1	die	l-itʼu-
5.2	die	=i=t͡ʃʼa-
6.1	I	na
6.2	I	t:u
7	liver	t:ilikʼ
8	eye	ja
9	hand	ka
10	hear	=aja-
11	tree	murx
12	fish	ħawa
13	name	t͡sʼa
14	stone	t͡ʃaru
15	tooth	k:art͡ʃ:i
16	breasts	qazam
17.1	thou	ina
17.2	thou	wi-
18	path	χ:ullu
19.1	bone	t:arkʼ
19.2	bone	lit͡ʃ:a
20	tongue	maz
21.1	skin	burt͡ʃu
21.2	skin	lu
22	night	x:u
23	leaf	t͡ʃʼapʼi
24	blood	uI
25.1	horn	qi
25.2	horn	qʼi
26	person	t͡ʃuw
27	knee	nik
28	one	t͡sa
29	nose	maj
30	full	=u=t͡sʼu-
31	come	=u=t͡ʃʼa-
32	star	t͡sʼu-ku
33.1	mountain	zunt:u
33.2	mountain	sun
34	fire	t͡sʼu
35	we	ʒu
36	drink	ħat͡ʃʼa-
37	see	t͡ʃʼala-n
38	new	t͡su-s:a
39	dog	k:at͡ʃ:i
40	sun	barʁ

Dargwa 40-word list

Dargwa 40-word list...

Index	Concept	Dargwa	Akusha	Chiragh
1	louse	*nez	ner	nez
2	two	*kʼʷi	kʼe-l	t͡ʃʼʷa-l
3	water	*xin	ʃin	ʃin
4	ear	*leħi	liħi	lāI
5.1	die	*=ibkʼ-	=ebkʼ-es	=[e/u]bkʼ-
6.1	I	*nu	nu	<none>
6.2	I	*du	<none>	du
7	liver	*dulekʼ	dulekʼ	*dilakʼ
8	eye	*ħuli	ħuli	ʕule
9	hand	*bekʼ	bekʼ-naIq:	bekʼ-naIq:
10.1	hear	*=[a/i]qʼ-	<none>	t͡ʃʼa=aqʼ- / =iqʼ-
10.2	hear	*=[a/i]rʁʷ-	[a/i]rʁ	t͡ʃ=arʁʷ-
11.1	tree	*t:[u/a]lt:V	<none>	*t:alt:e
11.2	tree	*k:alk:V	galga	k:alt͡ʃ:e
12	fish	*kʼas:	<none>	kʼas:
13	name	*zʷe	u	zu
14	stone	*q:arq:a	q:arq:a	q:arq:a
15	tooth	*t͡sula	t͡sula	t͡sula
16	breasts	*miqiri	miqir	miqire
17	thou	*ħu	ħu	ʕu
18.1	path	*daIqʼ	daIqʼ	<none>
18.2	path	*x:ʷini	huni	x:une
19.1	bone	*derɣ	<none>	der[g/ɣ]
19.2	bone	*lik:a	liga	<none>
20	tongue	met͡s:/let͡s:mi	lezmi, mez	met͡s:
21.1	skin	*kabt͡s:	kabt͡s	<none>
21.2	skin	*k:uli	guli	k:ule
22	night	*duk:i	dugi	dut͡ʃ:e
23	leaf	*kʼa[p]i	kʼapi	kʼap:ara
24.1	blood	*beħ(i)	<none>	bāI
24.2	blood	*ħi	ħi	<none>
25.1	horn	*mukeki	mukeki	<none>
25.2	horn	*qi	<none>	qe
26	person	*s:ub	sub	<none>
27.1	knee	*qʼʷaqʼʷa	qʼuqʼa	qʼuqʼa
27.2	knee	*h(I)an[d/t:]	ʕaInd	<none>
27.3	knee	*nikʷa	nika	<none>
28	one	*t͡sa	t͡sa	t͡sa
29.1	nose	*q:Iʷanq:I	q:aInq:	q:uIq:I
29.2	nose	*maħul	maIʕul	muʕul
30	full	*=it͡sʼ-	=it͡sʼi=si	=it͡sʼi=ze
31.1	come	*=aʃ(:)-	=aʃ-es	<none>
31.2	come	*=akʼ-	<none>	=[a/i]kʼ-
31.3	come	*=ax-	<none>	=ax-
32	star	*zuri	urʔi	zure
33	mountain	*hurqi	*hurqi	<none>
34	fire	*t͡sʼa	t͡sʼa	t͡sʼa
35.1	we (inclusive)	*x:a	<none>	nux:a
35.2	we (exclusive)	*[ʃ/s]:a	nuʃa	nus:a
36	drink	*=i(r)t͡ʃ:-	uʒ-es	ert͡ʃ:- / =ut͡ʃ:-
37	see	*=ahI-	t͡ʃe=iʔ-	=aIh-
38.1	new	*s:ak:a-	saga-si	<none>
38.2	new	*t͡sʼi-	<none>	t͡sʼize
39	dog	*χ:Iʷaj	χIa	χ:Iwa
40	sun	*berħi	berħi	bare

Nakh 40-word list

Nakh 40-word list...

Index	Concept	Nakh	Chechen	Ingush	Bats
1	louse	*mat͡sʼe	meza	maza	mat͡sʼ
2	two	*ʃi(n)	ʃiʔ	ʃiʔ	ʃi
3	water	*χi	χi	χij	χi
4	ear	*lari-kʼ	lerg	lerg	larkʼ
5	die	*=ad͡ɮ-	=al-	=al-	=al-ar
6	I	*soː	so	so	so
7	liver	*daHVχ	doʕaχ	dijχk	dʕeʔ
8	eye	*bʡare-kʼ	bʕärg	bʕarg	bʕärkʼ
9	hand	*ko	küg	kulg	ko
10	hear	χat͡sʼ	χaza	χaza	χat͡sʼar
11	tree	*χeːn	χen	χi	χẽ
12	fish	*t͡ʃʼʕaːre	t͡ʃʼaːra	t͡ʃʼqʼära	t͡ʃʼare
13	name	*t͡sʼe	t͡sʼe	t͡sʼi	t͡sʼe
14	stone	*qeːra	qeːra	qera	qer
15	tooth	*t͡sar-ikʼ	t͡serg	t͡sarg	t͡sarkʼ
16	breasts	*naːqa	naːqa	naqa	<none>
17	thou	ħoː	ħo	ħo	ħo
18	path	*niːq	neqʼ	niqʼ	niqʼ
19	bone	*d(e)ʡeχk	däʕaχk	tʼeχk	<none>
20	tongue	*mottʼ	mott	mott	mottʼ
21.1	skin	*t͡sʼoːka	t͡sʼoːka	t͡sʼoka	<none>
21.2	skin	*neħ	neʕ	niħ	niħ
21.3	skin	*qaqan	qaqa	qaqa	qaqã
22	night	*bus-	büjsa	bijsa	bujsa
23	leaf	*ʁa	ʁa	ʁa	<none>
24	blood	*t͡sʼeːgi	*t͡sʼij	*t͡sʼij	t͡sʼejgĭ
25.1	horn	*mɦaʔo	maʕa	muʕa	mʕaʔŏ
25.2	horn	*kur	kur	kur	<none>
26	person	stʼ-akʼ	stag	sag	stʼakʼ
27	knee	*ga(ː)gu	goːla	go	gawgŭ
28	one	*t͡sħa	*t͡sħaʔ	t͡saʕ	t͡sħa
29	nose	*marɬo	mara	meraʒ	marɬŏ
30	full	*=ut͡sʼ-i(na)	üz-na	iza	=ut͡sʼ-inŏ
31	come	*=a(ː)ʔ-	=aː-n	=a-n	=aʔ-ar
32.1	star	*seːtʼHo	seːda	sedqʼa	<none>
32.2	star	*tʼɦ[a(ː)/eː]r[i/e]	<none>	<none>	tʼʕejrĭ
33	mountain	*laːm	lam	lɔm	lam
34	fire	*t͡sʼe	t͡sʼe	t͡sʼi	t͡sʼe
35.1	we (inclusive)	*waj	vaj	vaj	vaj
35.2	we (exclusive)	*tχoː	tχo	tχo	tχo
36	drink	*maɬ-	mala	mala	maɬar
37	see	gu- / =ag-	g-	g-	gu-, =ag-
38	new	*t͡sʼin-	t͡sʼina	t͡sʼena	t͡sʼinĭ
39	dog	*pħu	pħu	pħu	pħu
40	sun	*maːlχ	malχ	malχ	matχ

Amerind

ALGIC	Wiyot	Yurok	Algonquian	Kutenai	Salish	Chimakuan	Wakashan	Caddoan	Iroquoian	Keresan	Siouan	Yuchi	Tsimshian	Chinook	Oregon

References

^ The Archi Dictionary

[ArchiDic-1] The Archi Dictionary

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