User:PalaceGuard008/Republic of China

PalaceGuard008/Republic of China
PalaceGuard008/Republic of China
Traditional Chinese	中華民國
Simplified Chinese	中华民国
Postal	Chunghwa Minkuo
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Zhōnghuá Mínguó
Bopomofo	ㄓㄨㄥㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	Jonghwa Min'gwo
Wade–Giles	Chung¹-hua² Min²-kuo²
MPS2	Jūng-huá Mín-guó
Wu
Romanization	tson平 gho平 min平 koh入
Gan
Romanization	tung1 fa4 min4 koet7
Hakka
Romanization	Chûng-fà Mìn-koet
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping	zung1 waa4 man4 gwok3
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ	Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok
Tâi-lô	Tiong-hûa Bîn-kok
Eastern Min
Fuzhou BUC	Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók

Republic of China
中華民囯
*Zhōnghuá Mínguó*^[a]
Republic of China 中華民囯; Zhōnghuá Mínguó
	Flag National Emblem
	Anthem: 《中華民國國歌》; National Anthem of the Republic of China 《中華民國國旗歌》; National Flag Anthem
	Location of the Republic of China Claimed territory, historical actual control varied Territory under actual control today
Capital	Taipei (present); Nanjing, Beijing, Chongqing and other cities briefly (historical); 25°02′N 121°38′E / 25.033°N 121.633°E
Official languages	Standard Chinese
Official scripts	Traditional Chinese
Government	Unitary semi-presidential republic
• President	Ma Ying-jeou
• Premier	Jiang Yi-huah
Legislature	Legislative Yuan
Establishment Xinhai Revolution
• Wuchang Uprising	10 October 1911
• Republic established	1 January 1912
• Constitution	25 December 1947
Area
• Total	36,193 km2 (13,974 sq mi) (present); 11,077,380 (historical and claimed)
Time zone	UTC+8 (CST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+8 (not observed)
Date format	yyyy-mm-dd; yyyy年m月d日; (CE; CE+2697); 民國yy年m月d日;
Drives on	right
Calling code	+886
Internet TLD	.tw; .台灣; .台湾;

The Republic of China is a state in East Asia, which today is commonly referred to as Taiwan. Founded in 1912 upon the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China government was the widely recognised government of China with a varying degree of actual control over mainland China. In 1945, as one of the Allied powers, the Republic of China took control of the island of Taiwan, which had been ceded by Qing Dynasty China to Japan in 1895. In 1949, the Republic of China government relocated to Taiwan as it lost increasing parts of mainland China to the Communist Party of China, who established the People's Republic of China in that year. Within a few years, the territory over which the Republic of China retained effective control was restricted to Taiwan, which makes up over 99% of its territory,^[b] as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Consequently, the Republic of China as it exists today is commonly referred to as "Taiwan".

The Republic of China was founded in 1912. After an initial interim period under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen, revered as the "Father of the Nation", power was taken by a regime based in Beijing initially headed by Yuan Shikai, now called the Beiyang Government. Initial attempts to establish a constitutional democracy descended into a period of armed strife between competing factions, until the Kuomintang succeeded in the Northern Expedition to remove the Beiyang Government and establish a unified one-party government in 1928. Following the end of World War II in 1945 and amidst a civil war with the Communist Party, the Kuomintang-controlled government led by Chiang Kai-shek adopted a Constitution in 1947. However, the Republic of China remained a one-party state even as the government moved to Taiwan. Democratisation reforms in the 1980s and 1990s culminated in the first direct election of the President in 1996, and the Republic of China is today regarded as a multi-party liberal democracy.

The Republic of China government was widely recognised as the government of China. Beginning in 1949-1950, however, countries began to switch recognition to the People's Republic of China. By the 1970s, most countries recognised the People's Republic of China as the government of China, and recognition of the Republic of China was withdrawn by the United Nations in 1971. Today, the Republic of China maintains diplomatic relations with a relatively small number of countries. The Republic of China formally maintains its claim to represent all of its historical territory,^[5] but this claim enjoys a relatively low degree of international recognition. The claim is strongly disputed within Taiwan; some people in Taiwan even dispute the legitimacy of the Republic of China's rule over Taiwan itself.

History

Summary of history, with links to the main history article and to various regimes

Government

Summary of constitutional history and evolution of government institutions since 1947, link to articles on government today
List of presidents

Territory

Brief explanation of evolution of territory, explanation of concept of "Free" and non-Free Areas.

International status

Summary of evolution, explanation of present situation, participation in other organisations

Notes

^ See Names of the Republic of China.
^ The island of Taiwan covers an area of 36,008 km² (13,902.8 sq mi), while the total area under the jurisdiction of the ROC (Free Area) covers around 36,193 km² (13,974.2 sq mi).^[3]