User:PNSMurthy/Largest Stars

Hello, ye who findeth my list!

Title + Introduction

The List of Largest Stars – disputed, theoretical and confirmed

Enjoy!

Note

Variable stars like BC Cygni, RW Cephei, NML Cygni and VX Sagittarii

are measured by their smaller size – though I highly disagree

with RW Cephei and NML Cygnis’ size.

Explanation

Below is a list of the largest stars currently known, ordered by radius. The unit of measurement used is the radius of the Sun (approximately 695,700 km; 432,288 mi).

The exact order of this list is incomplete, as great uncertainties remain, especially when deriving various parameters used in calculations, such as stellar luminosity and effective temperature. Often stellar radii can only be expressed as an average or within a large range of values. Values for stellar radii vary significantly in sources and throughout the literature, mostly as the boundary of the very tenuous atmosphere (opacity) greatly differs depending on the wavelength of light in which the star is observed.

Radii of several stars can be directly obtained by stellar interferometry. Other methods can use lunar occultations or from eclipsing binaries, which can be used to test other indirect methods of finding true stellar size. Only a few useful supergiant stars can be occulted by the Moon, including Antares and Aldebaran. Examples of eclipsing binaries are Epsilon Aurigae, VV Cephei, and HR 5171.

Caveats

The extreme red hypergiant star VY Canis Majoris compared to the Sun and Earth's orbit.

Complex issues exist in determining the true radii of the largest stars, which in many cases do display significant errors. The following lists are generally based on various considerations or assumptions; these include:

• Largest stars are usually expressed in units of the solar radius (R_☉), where 1.00 R_☉ equals 695,700 kilometres.
• Stellar radii or diameters are usually derived only approximately using Stefan-Boltzmann law for the deduced stellar luminosity and effective surface temperature.
• Stellar distances, and their errors, for most, remain uncertain or poorly determined.
• Many supergiant stars have extended atmospheres, and many are embedded within opaque dust shells, making their true effective temperatures highly uncertain.
• Many extended supergiant atmospheres also significantly change in size over time, regularly or irregularly pulsating over several months or years as variable stars. This makes adopted luminosities poorly known and may significantly change the quoted radii.
• Other direct methods for determining stellar radii rely on lunar occultations or from eclipses in binary systems. This is only possible for a very small number of stars.

Extragalactic large stars

In this list are some examples of more distant extragalactic stars, which may have slightly different properties and natures than the currently largest-known stars in the Milky Way:

• Some red supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds are suspected to have slightly different limiting temperatures and luminosities. Such stars may exceed accepted limits by undergoing large eruptions or change their spectral types over just a few months.
• A survey of the Magellanic Clouds has catalogued many red supergiants, where many of them exceed 700 R_☉ (490,000,000 km; 3.3 AU; 300,000,000 mi). Largest of these is about 1,200-1,300 R_☉, though a few recent discoveries show stars reaching sizes of >1,500.

The List (currently in making)

See my fandom version in making by following this link: https://science-life.fandom.com/wiki/Disputed_list_of_largest_stars

Rank	Identifier/Name	Solar Radii	Notes
?	THA 34-26	2,754	Largest star known? A likely inaccurate size. Uncertainty is greater than parallax itself.
?	WY Geminorium	2,358	Other estimates give lower sizes.
?	[RHI84] 10-683	2,296
?	RMC 87F	2,250	Might be a much smaller red giant.
1.)	Stephenson 2-18	2,150	Currently the largest known stars, hailed the largest by Wikipedia. One of the coolest stars known. A slightly older paper gives a lower luminosity.
?	IRAS 05346-6949	2,064
?	V1804 Sagittarii	2,050
?	WY Vellorum	2,011	Symbiotic star in the constellation of Vela.
?	V1647 Orionis	2,005	Gigantic protostar with X-ray emmissions.
?	WOH G19	1,984
?	WOH G109	1,983
?	J004539.99+415404.1	1,980	In the Andromeda Galaxy.
2.)	HV 888	1,974	Other estimates give lower luminosities and thus lower sizes.
?	[W60] A72	1,966
N/A	Orbit of Saturn	1,900-2,100	Reported for reference.
3.)	RX Telescopii	1,887
?	J004520.67+414717.3	1,870	In the Andromeda galaxy.
?	V538 Carina	1,850	Might be a much smaller AGB star, so, this size might be inaccurate.
?	V762 Cassiopeia	1,800	The furthest star visible to the naked eye.
?	HIP 36623	1,800

References for stars taken from the List of largest stars

This will be cleaned up soon

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