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Abstract

Mary Adelaide Nutting Portrait

Mary Adelaide Nutting was a Canadian American nurse. She was part of the first class of The Johns Hopkins School of Nursing in 1891. Afterward, she remained at Johns Hopkins Hospital where she became the head nurse for two years. Next, she became the assistant superintendent of the nursing school where, once the Isabel Hampton resigned from the position, she became the superintendent. She has accomplished many achievements in her lifetime such as expanding the nursing curriculum, creating a training period for the students, writing numerous articles about her professional life, and establishing a historical library at Johns Hopkins. Nutting died on October 3, 1948 in White Plains, New York at the age of 89.

Early Life

Mary Adelaide Nutting was born in in Frost Village, Quebec, Canada on November 1, 1858. Her parents were Vespasian and Harriet Sophia Peasley Nutting. Her primary and secondary schooling involved private schools in Quebec and Montreal as well as music and art at schools in Boston and Ottawa. Before realizing her potential as a nurse, Nutting was first a music teacher at the Cathedral School for Girls in St. John's, Newfoundland. 

Education

The Johns Hopkins School of Nursing was a brand new school. It was first thought of in 1873 when Johns Hopkins instructed his board of advisors to construct a nursing school. Nutting enrolled at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Training School in Baltimore, Maryland in 1889 at the age of 31. She was a part of the inaugural class. She graduated 2 years later with a class of 17 other women.

Professional Life

In 1992, Nutting became the assistant superintendent of nurses at the school of nursing and two years later was promoted to superintendent and principal. In this position, Nutting worked to establish the discipline of public health nursing. She was elected the President of the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses of the United States and Canada (The National League of Nurses) two years later in 1896. There, she set up the American Journal of Nursing. In 1903, she was elected the inaugural president of the State Association of Graduate Nurses.

After Hopkins

In 1907, she left Hopkins and went to Columbia Teachers College to become a professor of institutional administration. Here she was the first woman to become a professor at Columbia University and created a graduate nursing program. She stayed at Columbia until her retirement in 1925. Despite her time away, she continued to be an active member in The Johns Hopkins Alumni Association and frequently submitted to their articles.

Accomplishments

After graduating a nurse in 1891, Nutting decided to join Hopkins as a member of the faculty. She became the head-nurse of the training school. There, she changed the curriculum by increasing the number of years in the training school from two to three and implementing a preclinical period for after they graduate, improved living conditions for nurses, and started a scholarship program for incoming nurses in training. Nutting also created a course on dietetics at the institution which was the first course of its kind at any nursing school in the US at the time.

Nutting was named the honorary president of the Florence Nightingale International Foundation in 1934.

She wrote A Sound Economic Basis for Nursing which was co-authored by Lavinia Dock. This became the first two volumes of the History of Nursing.

References

http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013500/013593/html/13593bio.html

http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/educ/exhibits/womenshall/html/nutting.html

http://www.nurses.info/personalities_adelaide_nutting.htm

"The History of Johns Hopkins Medicine". Johns Hopkins Medicine. Retrieved 28 February 2017.

Shryock, Richard H. (April 1956). "The Influence of the Johns Hopkins University on American Medical Education". Journal of Medical Education. 31 (4): 226–235. Retrieved 28 February 2017

Markel, Howard (19 July 2011). An Anatomy of Addiction: Sigmund Freud, William Halstead, and the Miracle Drug, Cocaine (First ed.). New York: Pantheon Books.

http://www.medicalarchives.jhmi.edu/papers/nutting.html