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Sanford F. Schram

Sanford Francis Schram (born January 18, 1949) is a noted American political scientist and author. His principal area of interest and expertise is welfare policy. His scholarship and activism are concentrated on reform of the social welfare system in the United States. He has testified before Congress on welfare reform and his published empirical research on “welfare migration” was used before the U.S Supreme Court in the case Saenz v. Roe, which overturned state and national residency requirements for welfare recipients. He is a professor of social theory and policy in the Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research at Bryn Mawr College. He also teaches undergraduate courses in political science and sociology at Bryn Mawr and Haverford Colleges. He is the author of 5 books about welfare and co-author or co-editor of 7 others. He is the only person to have twice received the American Political Science Association's Michael Harrington award--for his books Words of Welfare: The Poverty of Social Science and the Social Science of Poverty (University of Minnesota Press, 1995) and Disciplining the Poor: Neoliberal Paternalism and the Persistent Power of Race (University of Chicago Press, 2011) .

His 2013 book is entitled Becoming a Footnote: An Activist-Scholar Finds His Voice, Learns to Write, and Survives Academia (Albany: SUNY Press, 2013), about which it is written: “For those who know of the author’s work, this book provides a revealing glimpse into the man behind the reputation. But, even for those unfamiliar with it, Becoming a Footnote is a highly readable and engaging account of a life’s work that would be of interest to anyone pursuing an academic position, including those who wonder how to remain real and relevant from inside academia.” — Vicki Lens, Columbia University.

“This book drew me in and works as a narrative on two levels. First, it is disarmingly and convincingly self-deprecating about the struggle to become a critical thinker, to write well, and to devise research programs that would shed light on major questions. Second, it is a valuable history of the central debates around social welfare policy, neoliberalism, and racial stigma.” — James Scott, author of The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia.

In 2012, Schram received the Charles McCoy Career Achievement Award from the American Political Science Association (New Political Science Section) which is given each year to "a progressive political scientist who has had a long successful career as a writer, teacher, and activist".

Jamie Peck, the Canada Research Chair in Urban & Regional Political Economy and Professor of Geography, at the University of British Columbia, has stated: "There are few, if any, better guides to the tortuous politics of welfare reform than Sanford Schram. His path-breaking contributions bear comparison to those of [Frances Fox] Piven and [Richard] Cloward. I can think of no higher recommendation" .

Career

Sanford Schram earned his BA from St. Lawrence University in 1971, and his MA and PhD from the State Univeristy of New York (SUNY) at Albany in 1973 and 1979. He was Instructor, Assistant Professor, and Associate Professor, Political Science at State University of New York (SUNY) at Potsdam from 1980 to 1991, Associate Professor of Political Science at Macalester College from 1991 to 1996, and Associate Professor of Political Science at University of Hawaii from 1996 to 1997. He has been Visiting Professor, Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research, Bryn Mawr College, since 1997 and has been associated with the National Poverty Center, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor since 2007. Schram has lectured widely abroad as well as in the U.S. at: the Center for Cultural Sociology, Yale University. the University of Strasbourg, France, the University of Tampere, Finland, University College Cork, Ireland, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Haifa University, Israel, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria, University of Vienna, Austria, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, University College Olso, Norway and elsewhere.

Bibliography

Words of Welfare: The Poverty of Social Science and the Social Science of Poverty (Minneapolis MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1995). Winner of the Michael Harrington Book Award for 1996 from American Political Science Association.

Tales of the State: Narrative in U.S. Politics and Public Policy (Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1997). Co-edited with Philip T. Neisser.

Welfare Reform: A Race to the Bottom? (Baltimore MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999), Co-edited with Samuel H. Beer.

After Welfare: The Culture of Postindustrial Social Policy (New York: New York University Press, 2000). Praxis for the Poor: Piven and Cloward and the Future of Social Science in Social Welfare (New York:New York University Press, 2002).

Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003), Co-edited with Richard C. Fording and Joe Soss.

Welfare Discipline: Discourse, Governance, and Globalization (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2006).

Making Political Science Matter: Debating Knowledge, Research and Method (New York: New York University Press, 2006), Co-edited with Brian Caterino.

Change Research: A Case Study of Housing Advocacy and Social Work Research (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011), Co-authored with Corey Shdaimah and Roland Stahl.

Disciplining the Poor: Neoliberal Paternalism and the Persistent Power of Race (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011), Co-authored with Joe Soss and Richard C. Fording.

Real Social Science: Applied Phronesis (New York: Cambridge University Press, in press), Co-edited with Bent Flyvbjerg and Todd Landman.

Published Articles and Book Chapters:

with Richard Hurley, "Title XX and the Elderly," Social Work, March 1977, pp. 95-102.

with David F. Osten, "CETA and the Aging," Aging and Work, August 1978, pp. 163-74.

"Elderly Policy Particularism and the New Social Services," Social Service Review, March 1979, pp. 75-91.

"Citizen Participation in Planning Social Services Programs," Social Work, March 1980, pp. 153-54.

"Elderly Policy Particularism," The Aging in Politics: Process and Policy, Robert B. Hudson, ed. (Springfield, Ill: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1981).

"Politics, Professionalism and the Changing Federalism," Social Service Review, March 1981, pp. 78-92. "The Myth of Workfare," Catalyst, Winter 1982, pp. 49-61.

"Social Services for Older People," Age or Need? Bernice Neugarten, ed. (Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1983).

with J. Patrick Turbett, "Civil Disorder and the Welfare Explosion: A Two-Step Process," American Sociological Review, June 1983, pp. 408-14.

with J. Patrick Turbett, "The Welfare Explosion: Mass Society versus Social Control," Social Service Review, December 1983, pp. 614-25.

with Antone Aboud, "Public Policy and Public Sector Strike Behavior," Journal of Collective Negotiations, Spring 1984, pp. 109-15.

with Antone Aboud, "An Overview of Plant Closing Legislation and Issues," Plant Closing Legislation, Antone Aboud, ed. (Key Issues Number 27 ILR Press, Cornell University, 1984).

with Antone Aboud, "Plant Closing Legislation and Issues," Paul Studohar and Holly Brown, eds., Deindustrialization and Plant Closings (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1986).

"The New Federalism and Social Welfare: AFDC in the Midwest," Peter Eisinger and William Gormley, Jr., eds., The Midwest Response to the New Federalism (Madison, Wisc.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988).

with Pat Turbett and Paul Wilken, "Child Poverty and Welfare Benefits: Reconsideration with State Data," The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, October 1988, pp. 409-422.

with Paul Wilken, "It's No 'Laffer' Matter: Welfare Spending and Poverty," The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, April 1989, pp. 203-218.

with Michael Wiseman, "Should Families be Protected from AFDC-UP?" (Madison, WI: Institute for Research on Poverty Discussion Paper #860-88).

with Theresa Funiciello, "Welfare in the Cuomo Years: Less is Less," in New York State Today, Peter Colby and John K. White, eds. (Albany: SUNY Press, 1989), pp. 281-91.

with Funiciello, "Post-Mortem on the Deterioration of the Welfare Grant," in The Reconstruction of Family Policy, Elaine Anderson and Richard Hula, eds. (Greenwood Press, 1991), pp. 149-64.

"Welfare Spending and Poverty: More is Less," The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, April 1991, pp. 129-42.

"The Postmodern Presidency and the Grammar of Electronic Electioneering," Critical Studies in Mass Communication, June 1991, pp. 210-16.

"Postpositivistic Policy Analysis and the Family Support Act of 1988: Symbols at the Expense of Substance," Polity, Summer 1992, pp. 633-55.

"World Hunger: A Review--Bread for the World, Hunger 1993: Uprooted People (1993)," The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, October 1993, pp. 492-93.

"Postindustrial Family Policy: Just Say No to Women and Children," Review of Radical Political Economics, 26,1, March 1994, pp. 36-63.

with Gary Krueger, "Interstate Variation in Welfare Benefits and Migration of the Poor: Substantive Concerns and Symbolic Responses," (Madison WI: Institute for Research on Poverty Discussion Paper, DP #1032-94).

"Postmodern Policy Analysis: Identity and Difference in Social Policy," Policy Sciences, 26, 2, Spring 1993, pp. 249-70.

with Philip T. Neisser, "(Re)doubling Denial: Industrial Welfare Policy Meets Postindustrial Poverty," Social Text, 41, Winter 1994, pp. 41-60.

with Gary Krueger, "'Welfare Magnets' and Benefit Decline: Symbolic Problems and Substantive Consequences," Publius, 24,4, December 1994, pp. 44-67.

"Inverting Political Economy: Perspective, Position, and Discourse in the Analysis of Poverty," Rethinking MARXISM, 8,2, Summer 1995, pp. 78-99.

"Against Policy Analysis: Critical Reason and Poststructural Resistance," Policy Sciences, 28, 4, Fall 1995, 375-84.

with Carol Weissert, "Federalism 1995-1996: An Overview," Publius, 26, 3, Fall 1996, pp. 1-26. with Carol Weissert, "Federalism 1996-1997: An Overview," Publius, 27, 2, Spring 1997, pp. 1-31.

with Lawrence Nitz and Gary Krueger, “Without Cause or Effect: Reconsidering Welfare Migration as a Policy Problem,” American Journal of Political Science, 42, 1, January 1998, pp. 210-30.

with R. Scott Daniels, “‟Poor‟ Statistical Accounting: Welfare Policy Research in Cyberspace and Public Sphere,” Theory & Event, 2.2, Spring 1998.

with Carol Weissert, "Federalism 1997-1998: An Overview," Publius, 28, 2, Spring 1998, pp. 1-28. "Introduction," Welfare Reform: A Race to the Bottom? Special Issue, Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 28, 3, Summer 1998, pp. 1-9.

with Joe Soss, "Making Something Out of Nothing: Welfare Reform and the New Race to the Bottom," Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 28, 3, Summer 1998, pp. 67-88.

with Joe Soss, "The Real Value of Welfare: Why Poor Families Do Not Migrate," Politics and Society, 27, 1, March 1999, pp. 39-66.

with Thomas Vartanian, Joe Soss, and Jim Baumohl, "Already Hit Bottom: Welfare Retrenchment, General Assistance and Single Male Migration," Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 26, 2, June 1999, pp. 151-74.

with Carol Weissert, " The State of U.S. Federalism: 1998-1999," Publius, 29, 2, Spring 1999, pp. 1-34. "In the Clinic: The Medicalization of Welfare," Social Text, 62, 18, 1, Spring 2000, pp. 81-107.

with Carol Weissert, " The State of U.S. Federalism: 1999-2000," Publius , 30, 1-2, Winter/Spring 2000, pp. 1-19.

with Joe Soss, Thomas Vartanian and Erin O‟Brien, “Setting the Terms of Relief: Explaining State Policy Choices in the Devolution Revolution,” American Journal of Political Science, 45, 2, April 2001, pp. 378- 95.

“Federalism: Reconciling National Values with States Rights and Local Control in the 21st Century,” Focus on Law Studies, (a dialogue with Michael Belknap, Michael Greve, Jennie Kronenfeld, Kathryn McDermott, Robert Nagel, Paul Posner, Denise Scheberle, and Sanford Schram) Published by the American Bar Association, 26, 1, Spring 2001, pp. 1-16.

with Joe Soss, “Success Stories: Welfare Reform, Policy Discourse, and the Politics of Welfare Reform,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 577, September 2001, pp. 49-65.

“Social Welfare After September 11,” The Nonprofit Quarterly, Spring 2002, pp. 21-24.

with Joe Soss, “Success Stories: Welfare Reform, Policy Discourse, and the Politics of Welfare Reform,” in Randy Albelda and Ann Withorn, eds., Lost Ground: Welfare, Poverty and Beyond (Boston: South End Press, 2002), pp. 57-78.

“Race and State Welfare Reform Choices: A Cause for Concern,” in From Poverty to Punishment: How Welfare Reform Punishes the Poor (Oakland CA: Applied Research Center, 2002), pp. 89-107.

“Federalism in the United States,” in Ann L. Griffiths, ed. Handbook of Federal Countries, 2002 (Montreal: McGill-Queen‟s University Press, 2002), pp. 342-57.

with Joe Soss, Thomas Vartanian and Erin O‟Brien, “The Hard Line and the Color Line: Race, Welfare, and the Roots of Get-Tough Reform,” in Sanford F. Schram, Joe Soss, and Richard Fording, eds., Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003), pp. 225-53.

“Illusions of Change: Rethinking the Current Welfare Retrenchment,” Social Service Review 77, 3, September 2003, pp. 475-80.

“Return to Politics: Perestroika and Postparadigmatic Political Science,” Political Theory 31, 6, December 2003, pp. 835-51.

“The Praxis of Poor People’s Movements: Strategy and Theory in Dissensus Politics,” Perspectives on Politics 1, 4, December 2003, pp. 715-720.

with Joe Soss, Tom Vartanian, and Erin O'Brien, “Welfare Policy Choices in the States: Does the Hard Line Follow the Color Line?,” Focus, 23, 1, Winter 2004, pp. 9-15.

“Beyond Paradigm: Resisting the Assimilation of Phroentic Social Science,” Politics & Society, 32, 3, September 2004, pp. 413-433.

“Putting a Black Face on Welfare: The Good and the Bad,” in Anne Schneider and Helen Ingram, eds. Deserving and Entitled: Social Constructions and Public Policy (SUNY Press, 2005), pp. 261-89.

“Return to Politics: Perestroika, Phronesis, and Post-Paradigmatic Political Science,” in, Kristen Monroe, ed., Perestroika! The Raucous Rebellion in Political Science (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005), pp. 103-14.

“Federalism in the United States,” in Ann L. Griffiths, ed. Handbook of Federal Countries, 2004 (Montreal: McGill-Queen‟s University Press, 2005), pp. 372-391.

“Dependency,” in Poverty in America: An Encyclopedia of History, Policy, and Society, Gwendolyn Mink, Alice O'Connor, eds. (New (New York: ABC-CLIO, 2004), pp. 225-226.

“„Working Poor‟,” in Poverty in America: An Encyclopedia of History, Policy, and Society, Gwendolyn Mink, Alice O'Connor, eds. (New York: ABC-CLIO, 2004), pp. 832-834.

“Regulating the Poor: Frances Fox Piven and Richard A. Cloward,” in Poverty in America: An Encyclopedia of History, Policy, and Society, Gwendolyn Mink, Alice O'Connor, eds. (New York: ABC- CLIO, 2004), pp. 627-628.

“Contextualizing Racial Disparities in American Welfare Reform: Toward a New Poverty Research,” Perspectives on Politics 3, 2, June 2005, pp. 253-68.

“Social Security Act of 1935,” in Encyclopedia of American Federalism, Joseph Marbach, Ellis Katz and Troy Smith, eds. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2006), pp. 577-78.

“Shapiro v. Thompson,” in Encyclopedia of American Federalism, Joseph Marbach, Ellis Katz and Troy Smith, eds. (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2006), p. 566.

“Personal Responsibility & Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996,” in Encyclopedia of American Federalism, Joseph Marbach, Ellis Katz and Troy Smith, eds. (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2006), pp. 477- 79.

“TANF,” in Encyclopedia of American Federalism, Joseph Marbach, Ellis Katz and Troy Smith, eds. (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2006), pp. 636-37.

“That Old Black Magic? The New Politics of Racial Implication,” in Keith Kilty and Elizabeth Segal, eds., The Promise of Welfare Reform: Results or Rhetoric? (New York: Halworth Press, 2006).

“Homelessness and the Ownership Society: An Inclusive Exclusion,” Political Theory 34, 1, February 2006, pp. 132-35.

“New Poverty Research,” in Encyclopedia of Governance, Mark Bevir, ed. (Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2006).

with Joe Soss, “Coloring the Terms of Membership: Reinventing the Divided Citizenry in an Era of Neoliberal Paternalism,” (Ann Arbor: National Poverty Center, Working Paper #06-13, June, 2006).

with Richard Fording and Joe Soss, "Devolution, Discretion, and Local Variation in TANF Sanctioning." (Lexington: University of Kentucky, Center on Poverty Research, Discussion Paper #DP2006-04, 2006).

with Richard Fording and Joe Soss, “Devolution, Discretion, and Variation in Local TANF Sanctioning,” Insights on Southern Poverty 4, 1, Spring 2006, pp. 1, 3-5.

with Richard Fording and Joe Soss, “The Bottom Line, the Business Model and the Bogey: Performance Management, Sanctions, and the Brave New World of Welfare-to-Work in Florida.” (Lexington: University of Kentucky, Center on Poverty Research, Discussion Paper #DP2006-10, 2006).

with Joe Soss, “Welfare Reform as a Failed Political Strategy: Evidence and Explanations for the Stability of Public Opinion,” Focus, 24, 3, Fall-Winter 2006, pp. 17-23.

with Joe Soss, "A Public Transformed? Welfare Reform and Policy Feedback," American Political Science Review, 101, 1, February 2007, pp. 111-127.

with Richard Fording and Joe Soss, “Devolution, Discretion and the Effect of Local Political Values on TANF Sanctioning,” Social Service Review 81, 2 (June 2007): 285-316.

with Richard Fording and Joe Soss, “Distributing Discipline: Race, Politics, and Punishment at the Front Lines of Welfare Reform,” (Lexington: University of Kentucky, Center on Poverty Research, Discussion Paper #DP 2007-04, 2007).

with Joe Soss, "The Promise of a Public Transformed: Welfare Reform and Policy Feedback," in Joe Soss, Jacob Hacker, and Suzanne Mettler, eds.
Remaking America: Democracy and Public Policy in an Age of Inequality (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007), pp. 99-118.

“Taking Political Science Seriously: Mixing Methods Makes for a More Contingent but Self-Reflective Discipline,” Human Studies, 30, 3 (September 2007): 275-280.

“Race, Blood, Land: Fugitive Fictions and the Facts of America,” Theory & Event, 11, 3 (Fall 2007): http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v010/10.3schram.html.

“Poor People‟s Movements,” entry, Encyclopedia of Social History, forthcoming.

with Joe Soss, “Coloring the Terms of Membership: Reinventing the Divided Citizenry in an Era of Neoliberal Paternalism,” in Ann Chih Lin and David Harris, ed., The Colors of Poverty: Why Racial and Ethnic Disparities Persist (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2009), pp. 293-322.

“Success Story Syndrome: Crediting Welfare Reform Rather than the People Who Survive It,” New Labor Forum 17, 1 (Spring 2008): 90-99.

with Brian Caterino,“A Response to Todd Landsman,” Political Studies 6, 2 (May 2008): 186-87.

with Richard Fording and Joe Soss, “Neoliberal Poverty Governance: Race, Place and the Punitive Turn in U.S. Welfare Policy,” Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 1, 1 (April 2008): 17-36..

with Joe Soss and Richard Fording, “The Color of Devolution: The Politics of Local Punishment in an Era of Neo-liberal Welfare Reform,” American Journal of Political Science 52, 3 (July 2008): 536-553 .

with Joe Soss, Richard C. Fording, and Linda Houser, “Deciding to Discipline: A Multi-Method Study of Race, Choice and Punishment on the Frontlines of Welfare Reform,” (Ann Arbor: National Poverty Center, Working Paper #07-33, 2007): http://www.npc.umich.edu/publications/u/working_paper07-33.pdf.

with Avis Jones-Deweever, Bonnie Thornton Dill, “Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in the Workforce, Education, and Training under Welfare Reform,” in Emerging Intersections: Race, Class, and Gender in Theory, Policy, and Practice, Bonnie Thornton Dill and Ruth Enid Zambrana, eds., Patricia Hill Collins, forward (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2009), pp. 150-179.

with Joe Soss, Richard C. Fording, and Linda Houser, “Deciding to Discipline: A Multi-Method Study of Race, Choice and Punishment on the Frontlines of Welfare Reform,” American Sociological Review, 74, 3 (June 2009): 398-422.

with Corey Shdaimah and Roland Stahl, “When You Can See the Sky Through Your Roof: Policy Analysis from the Bottom Up” in Edward Schatz, ed. Political Ethnography (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009), pp. 255-74.

with Joe Soss, Richard Fording and Linda Houser, “The Third Level of Welfare Reform: Neoliberal Pedagogy,” Citizenship Studies 14, 6 (December 2010): 739-54.

with Joe Soss and Richard C. Fording, “Neoliberal Paternalism: Race and the New Poverty Governance,” in State of White Supremacy: Racism,Governance, and the U.S, Moon-Kie Jung, Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, João CostaVargas, eds. (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2011).

with Joe Soss and Richard Fording, “The Organization of Discipline: From Performance Management to Perversity and Punishment,” JPART 21, 2 supplement (April 2011): 202-232.

with Richard Fording and Joe Soss, “Race and the Local Politics of Punishment in the New World of Welfare,” American Journal of Sociology116, 5 (March 2011): 1610-57.

“The Deep Semiotic Structure of Deservingness: Discourse and Identity in Welfare Policy.” In Frank Fischer and Hebert Gottweis (Eds.), The Argumentative Turn in Policy Analysis (Revisited). Durham: Duke University Press.

“The Welfare State,” Encyclopedia of Political Thought, Michael Gibbons et al, eds. (London: Blackwell), forthcoming.

“The Artful Study of Not Being Governed: Methodological Pluralism and a Better Political Science for a Better World,” Common Knowledge, 18, 2 (August 2012): forthcoming.

with Basha Silverman, “The End of Social Work: Neoliberal Paternalism in Social Policy Implementation,” Critical Policy Studies (June 2012): forthcoming.

“Welfare Professionals and Street-Level Bureaucrats,” Sage Handbook of Social Work, Mel Gray and Robert Midgely and Stephen A. Webb, eds. (Pacific : Sage Publications, 2012). Chapter 4, pp. 67-80.

with Joe Soss and Richard C. Fording, “Welfare & Welfare Reform: Disciplining the Poor: Social Welfare Policy in the Age of Neoliberal Paternalism,” Chapter 13 in Social Policy and Social Justice, Michael Reisch et al. (Sage, forthcoming).

with Linda Houser, Joe Soss and Richard C. Fording, "Child Care Subsidies and Caseworker Discretion in the Post-Welfare Reform Era” Journal of Women, Politics and Policy, forthcoming.

“Calling Out the Persistence of Racism: A Commentary on Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in an Age of Color-Blindness (New York: The New Press, 2010), New Political Science, 34, 2 (June 2012): .