User:Nikkiroe7879/sandbox

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Week 2 Answers

Content gaps are gaps in information in an article that takes away from the credibility of the page. Missing information, short articles, or lack of sources are indicators of content gaps.

Content gaps may arise from bad researching skills or false sourcing. In order to remedy this it would be advised to take the time to research properly and find many resources instead of just a few, in case some are unreliable.

It generally doesn't matter who write on Wikipedia overall, but it does matter who writes a specific article. If someone is to close to a topic, their information may be bias or false.

To be unbiased means that all information included in an article is neutral and factual. If the information is biased it will be removed or flagged on Wikipedia.

Week 4 Answers

1. Blog posts and press releases are considered poor sources of reliable information. Why?

Many blog posts and press releases will contain biased information that may skew facts relating to a topic. Blogs especially have the flexibility to be subjective in the subject they are writing about and tend to write about what they think people want to hear and not what is actually true. Blogs are also unreliable in the fact that they are inaccurate, as they are more concerned about posting by a deadline than proofreading the work before hand. Press releases have the same issues as well, the questions asked may be to illicit certain answers and not to give a whole truth. For example, a blog may question whether or not to see a certain movie, but the blogger will only post their opinion, not reliable information that you as the reader could use to determine whether or not you should see it as well.

2. What are some reasons you might not want to use a company's website as the main source of information about that company?

A company's website would have the same issues as a blog or press release. If you were to research non biased information about a company, starting at it's own website would not be the best start. While one could use the website for basic information, such as address or owner information, it would not be good to use for things such as business achievements or how the employees interact with their customers. For example, if one was doing research for a job and wanted to know if a company treated its employees well, they should not take the word of the company's website, because the information will be skewed and may unfortunately, be false.

3. What is the difference between a copyright violation and plagiarism?

Both plagiarism and copyright infringement are illegal, but the two have distinct differences. Plagiarism involves copying someone else's works and claiming it as your own. For example, copying and pasting a fact about dolphins without quoting where the fact was from. A copyright violation involve using someone else's work or information without asking for that persons permission. For example, using a line from a movie or book in your own work without the express permission of the author.

4. What are some good techniques to avoid close paraphrasing and plagiarism?

To avoid close paraphrasing, a good idea would be to look at multiple websites first, then take notes in your own words about what you learned from it. Avoid looking back at the website while your paraphrasing as it may lead to similar phrasing in your work. To avoid plagiarism, write down every website, book, or journal you look at to later cite in your work as you may forget something and the bots will flag for plagiarism. Make sure to know how to cite properly as well, and the correct format by looking at example formatting.

Web Articles (Week 4)

Henri Grégoire- I chose this article because it is my character in the game and the article itself will need a lot of editing. The grammar and punctuation will most likely need at least two or three comb throughs. The information on the page is not all sourced which will need to be fixed as most will not count the article as credible without sources. The article is also short, meaning there is a lot of room to add more information. On the talk page, there is a complaint that much of the information is not neutral and is showing bias, which will have to be fixed.

Civil Constitution of the Clergy- I chose this article because I have a good background information on the subject and it was an important event in my character's life. The article is well put together but still short, needing information on the decree on church lands, and the obligatory oath. The article will also need a good once over for grammar and punctuation as needed. There also seems to be issues discussed on the talk page about missing or false information on the page which will need to be looked into and fixed.

Abolitionism#France- I chose this article because it is a good source of information about abolitionism and its role in the french revolution. The article does not need to much adding of information, but of course, grammar and punctuation should be checked and fixed. On the talk page, only small changes or edits are mentioned, such as switching Britain to England to make the information more accurate, but overall this article will mostly be used to help with research along with a few minor changes.

Week 5 Contributions

I will be editing the existing article on French Bishop Henrí Grégoire. While his article has a good amount of information in it, it skims over very important parts of his life and career. So, the bulk of what I will add will be to his contribution to the abolition of slavery in France and his beliefs toward the church and their responsibility to France. As he was fairly radical, it will be important for me to include factual information that also does not seem biased in anyway. The article itself also seems to have issues with citations and sourcing so I will need to take this into consideration and may have to delete and replace information that is valid. The article also skims over his relations with the Society of the Friends of the Blacks and his vehement support for equality in all things, including religion. The structure of the article will also have to be edited because as it stands now, it is does not flow well and seems to jump from topic to topic.

In addition to the bibliography I added to the talk page (Henri Gregoire) I will also be using the Game book from class and other resources I find in the library and online.

Week 6 Questions and Answers

1. What do you think of Wikipedia's definition of "neutrality"?

I strongly agree with it in the sense that a Wikipedia article could not be accurate or reliable without having the neutrality. The definition also discusses how the information must be fair, meaning getting rid of all bias before writing, which I also find very important to have in an informational article. Finally the article discuses how all significant points of view should be represented in the article as well. I find this point to be the most important aspect of the definition as it affects all the other points becuase if your article does not represent all significant points of view then it could be seen as biased or an inaccurate representation of information. This could lead to the article being flagged or disregarded by the Wikipedian community.

2. What are the impacts and limits of Wikipedia as a source of information?

Wikipedia is a huge archive of information that can be used for many different projects or research papers. It spans almost any topic one can think of and even the most specific topics will have some type of information to look at. With all this information comes a few faults though. Many who add to Wikipedia do not do so properly so the information the provide is marked as unreliable, even if it is factual. Also, while the reference the writer may have pulled from is reliable, the information that the writer includes in the article may be biased or skewed from the true meaning of the original article. So, while a researcher may think they have reliable information, they could be misled.

3. On Wikipedia, all material must be attributable to reliable, published sources. What kinds of sources does this exclude? Can you think of any problems that might create?

Possible sources that would be excluded from Wikipedia would be things such as a blog, personal websites, movies or novels. Blogs and personal websites can be put up and edited by anyone, meaning they are most likely biased and not based on facts but rely more on opinions. Movies and novels, while they may say they are historically accurate, tend to over exaggerate or skew certain details that may make your research incorrect.

4. If Wikipedia was written 100 years ago, how might its content (and contributors) be different? What about 100 years from now?

If Wikipedia had been written in the 1900s, many people who contribute to Wikipedia today would be unable to write, such as women and African Americans. Also, most of the articles would be biased as the opinions and facts back in the 1900s were very different then now. A hundred years in the future, Wikipedia could be insanely advanced from its form today. There is no telling how far technology will be advanced in the future but I could imagine a 3D holographic version of Wikipedia that is accessible everywhere and not just for those who have a computer. The information that would be added would make the Wikipedia site ten times larger and even more useful.

Week 6 Draft

First fix will involve the section on racial equality.

 Advocate of racial equality

Title page of Grégoire's 1808 book on Negro literature

Original

In October 1789, Grégoire took a great interest in abolitionism, after meeting Julien Raimond, a free colored planter from Saint-Domingue, who was trying to win admission to the Constituent Assembly as the representative of his group. He published numerous pamphlets and later, books, on the subject of racial equality, and became an influential member of the Society of the Friends of the Blacks. It was on Grégoire's motion in May 1791 that the Constituent Assembly passed its first law admitting some wealthy free men of color in the French colonies to the same rights as whites. In addition, Grégoire was considered a friend of the Jews. He argued that in the French society, the supposed degeneracy of Jews was not inherent, but rather a result of their circumstances. He blamed the way the Jews had been treated, persecution by Christians, and the "ridiculous" teachings of their rabbis, for their condition, and believed they could be brought into mainstream society and made citizens.

With Changes

In October 1789, Grégoire took a great interest in abolitionism, after meeting Julien Raimond, a free colored planter from Saint-Domingue, who was trying to win admission to the Constituent Assembly as the representative of his group. Grégoire published numerous pamphlets and later, books, on the subject of racial equality. Grégoire also became an influential member of the Society of the Friends of the Blacks, although this group and many others like it were seen as radical at the time. As a member of the National Assembly, Grégoire supported seemingly opposing views, such as the eradication of slavery in France but also maintaining his position as a member of the Clergy, who were known (in majority) to want to keep slavery within France and it's colonies. It was on Grégoire's motion in May 1791 that the Constituent Assembly passed its first law admitting some wealthy free men of color in the French colonies to the same rights as whites. Later he was recognized for his work De la littérature des Nègres or the literature of Black writers as it showed readers that the Blacks are equal in every way to whites, including intellectually.

Grégoire was considered a friend of the Jewish people. He argued that in the French society, the supposed degeneracy of Jews was not inherent, but rather a result of their circumstances. He blamed the way the Jews had been treated, persecution by Christians, and the "ridiculous" (consider editing... not neutral?) teachings of their rabbis, for their condition, and believed they could be brought into mainstream society and made citizens. (should I create a new heading here? not much information for a whole new section. Find better source that actually talks about his contribution to the Jewish people.)

Structural Changes

Take "Advocate of Racial Equality" out of the sub-topic section for career and give it its own section. Have career changed to career and contributions, as now it reads to broad. Combine "Political Career after 1795" and "After the Restoration" into one section, as now both sections are to brief to be considered their own sections. Make sure in this new section to use dates accordingly to show the timeline. Change section title "Bibliography" to "Written Works" because as it reads now it confuses the reader as to which section contains the article references. If no other information is found about his later life, then change section title to "Death and Funeral" to make the article flow better. Also, inregards to the recommendations on the Talk page, make sure to get rid of or rework information that is not in the Neutral Point of view.

Combination Edit

Original

Political career after 1795

After the establishment of the Directory in 1795, Grégoire was elected to the Council of Five Hundred. After Napoleon Bonaparte took power in 1799, he became a member of the Corps Législatif, then of the Senate (1801). He took the lead in the national church councils of 1797 and 1801; but he was strenuously opposed to Napoleon Bonaparte's policy of reconciliation with the Holy See, and after the signature of the concordat he resigned his bishopric on 8 October 1801.

He was one of the minority of five in the Senate who voted against the proclamation of the French Empire, and he opposed the creation of a new French nobility and Napoleon's divorce from Joséphine de Beauharnais. Notwithstanding this, he was created a Count and officer of the Légion d'honneur. During the later years of Napoleon's reign he travelled to England and Germany, but in 1814 he returned to France. He opposed Napoleon during the Hundred Days.

After the restoration

After the restoration of the Bourbons, Grégoire remained influential, though as a revolutionary and a schismatic bishop he was also the object of hatred by royalists. He was expelled from the Institut de France, and forced into retirement.

In 1814 he published, De la constitution française de l'an 1814, in which he commented on the Charter from a Liberal point of view, and this reached its fourth edition in 1819, in which year he was elected to the Lower Chamber by the département of Isère. This was considered a potentially harmful episode by the powers of the Quintuple Alliance, and the question was raised of a fresh armed intervention in France under the terms of the secret Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. To prevent this, Louis XVIII decided on a modification of the franchise; the Marquis Dessolles ministry resigned; and the first act of Count Decazes, the new premier, was to annul the election of Grégoire.

From this time onward the former bishop lived in retirement, occupying himself in literary pursuits and in correspondence with other intellectual figures of Europe. He was compelled to sell his library to obtain means of support.

With changes

Political career after 1795 (Fix flow of this section, to much jumping around)

After the establishment of the Directory in 1795, Grégoire was elected to the Council of Five Hundred. He and his fellow council members opposed the coup d’état of 18 Brumaire in which Napolean siezed power and the Hundred Days. The Council issued a proclamation the day after the coup, and so it was named The Council of Five Hundred Concurs. The council warned in this proclamation that this coup would cause France to revert back to the times before the Revolution.

After Napoleon Bonaparte took power in 1799, Grégoire became a member of the Corps Législatif, then of the Senate (1801). He took the lead in the national church councils of 1797 and 1801; but he was strenuously opposed to Napoleon Bonaparte's policy of reconciliation with the Holy See, and after the signature of the concordat he resigned his bishopric on 8 October 1801. He was one of the minority of five in the Senate who voted against the proclamation of the French Empire, and he opposed the creation of a new French nobility and Napoleon's divorce from Joséphine de Beauharnais. Notwithstanding this, he was created a Count and officer of the Légion d'honneur. During the later years of Napoleon's reign he travelled to England and Germany, but in 1814 he returned to France.

In 1814 he published, De la constitution française de l'an 1814, in which he commented on the Charter from a Liberal point of view, and this reached its fourth edition in 1819, in which year he was elected to the Lower Chamber by the département of Isère. This was considered a potentially harmful episode by the powers of the Quintuple Alliance, and the question was raised of a fresh armed intervention in France under the terms of the secret Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. To prevent this, Louis XVIII decided on a modification of the franchise; the Marquis Dessolles ministry resigned; and the first act of Count Decazes, the new premier, was to annul the election of Grégoire.

After the restoration of the Bourbons, Grégoire remained influential, though as a revolutionary and a schismatic bishop he was also the object of hatred by royalists. He was expelled from the Institut de France. From this time onward the former bishop lived in retirement, occupying himself in literary pursuits and in correspondence with other intellectual figures of Europe. He was compelled to sell his library to obtain means of support.