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Minister

[edit]
N. Portrait President Term of office Tenure
(Years and days) 		Party Composition Legislature
18 Federico Palomba
(1937– ) 		5 August
1994 		9 August
1999 		5 years, 4 days Democratic Party of the Left PDS–PRC–FD XI
(1994)
19 Mauro Pili
(1966– ) 		9 August
1999 		18 October
1999 		70 days Forza Italia FI–AN–RS–CCD XII
(1999)
20 Gian Mario Selis
(1944– ) 		18 October
1999 		16 November
1999 		29 days Italian People's Party PDS–PPI–FD–Dem–SDI–PRC
(16) Mario Floris
(1937– ) 		16 November
1999 		25 October
2001 		1 year, 343 days Democratic Union for the Republic PDS–DL–UDR–FD–Dem–SDI–PRC
(19) Mauro Pili
(1966– ) 		25 October
2001 		28 August
2003 		1 year, 307 days Forza Italia FI–AN–RS–CCD
21 Italo Masala
(1937– ) 		28 August
2003 		26 June
2004 		303 days National Alliance
22 Renato Soru
(1957– ) 		26 June
2004 		27 February
2009 		4 years, 246 days Democrats of the Left /
Democratic Party 		PD–PS–PRC–SDI–UDEUR–PdCI–IdV XIII
(2004)
23 Ugo Cappellacci
(1960– ) 		27 February
2009 		12 March
2014 		5 years, 13 days The People of Freedom /
Forza Italia 		PdL–UDC–RS–PSdAz XIV
(2009)
24 Francesco Pigliaru
(1954– ) 		12 March
2014 		20 March
2019 		5 years, 8 days Democratic Party PD–SEL–CD XV
(2014)
25 Christian Solinas
(1976– ) 		20 March
2019 		Incumbent 5 years, 236 days Sardinian Action Party Lega–PSdAz–FI–RS–FdI–UDC XVI
(2019)




Portrait Name
(Born–Died) 		Term of office Party Government Ref.
Took office Left office Time in office
Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce
Giuseppe Natoli
(1815–1867) 		23 March 1861 12 June 1861 81 days Historical Right Cavour IV [1]
Filippo Cordova
(1811–1868) 		12 June 1861 3 March 1862 264 days Historical Right Ricasoli I [2]
Gioacchino Napoleone Pepoli
(1823–1881) 		3 March 1862 8 December 1862 280 days Historical Right Rattazzi I [3]


! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Giuseppe Pasolini
(1815–1876) |8 December 1862 |24 March 1863 | 106 days ! style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |bgcolor=#BEE1F5|Farini | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Emilio Visconti Venosta
(1829–1914) |24 March 1863 |28 September 1864 | 1 year, 188 days ! style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |bgcolor=#BEE1F5|Minghetti I | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora
(1804–1878)
As Prime Minister |28 September 1864 |20 June 1866 | 1 year, 265 days ! style="background:#C3B091;" | |Military |bgcolor=#BEE1F5|La Marmora II·III | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Bettino Ricasoli
(1809–1880)
As Prime Minister |20 June 1866 |28 June 1866 | 8 days ! style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |rowspan=2 bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Ricasoli II | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Emilio Visconti Venosta
(1829–1914) |28 June 1866 |10 April 1867 | 286 days ! style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Federico Pescetto
(1817–1882) |10 April 1867 |12 April 1867 | 2 days ! style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |rowspan=2 bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Rattazzi II | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Pompeo Di Campello
(1803–1884) |12 April 1867 |27 October 1867 | 198 days ! style="background:#2E8B57;" | |Historical Left | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Luigi Federico Menabrea
(1809–1896)
As Prime Minister |27 October 1867 |14 December 1869 | 2 years, 48 days ! style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |bgcolor=#BEE1F5|Menabrea I·II·III | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Emilio Visconti Venosta
(1829–1914) |14 December 1869 |20 November 1876 | 6 years, 342 days ! style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |bgcolor=#BEE1F5|Lanza
Minghetti II | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Luigi Amedeo Melegari
(1805–1881) |20 November 1876 |28 December 1877 | 1 year, 38 days ! style="background:#2E8B57;" | |Historical Left |bgcolor=#92EFBB|Depretis I | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Agostino Depretis
(1813–1887)
As Prime Minister |28 December 1877 |24 March 1878 | 86 days ! style="background:#2E8B57;" | |Historical Left |bgcolor=#92EFBB|Depretis II | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Luigi Corti
(1823–1888) |24 March 1878 |24 October 1878 | 214 days ! style="background:#2E8B57;" | |Historical Left |rowspan=2 bgcolor=#92EFBB|Cairoli I | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Benedetto Cairoli
(1825–1889)
As Prime Minister |24 October 1878 |19 December 1878 | 56 days ! style="background:#2E8B57;" | |Historical Left | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Agostino Depretis
(1813–1887)
As Prime Minister |19 December 1878 |14 July 1879 | 207 days ! style="background:#2E8B57;" | |Historical Left |bgcolor=#92EFBB|Depretis III | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Benedetto Cairoli
(1825–1889)
As Prime Minister |14 July 1879 |29 May 1881 | 1 year, 319 days ! style="background:#2E8B57;" | |Historical Left |bgcolor=#92EFBB|Cairoli II·III | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Pasquale Stanislao Mancini
(1817–1888) |29 May 1881 |29 June 1885 | 4 years, 31 days ! style="background:#2E8B57;" | |Historical Left |bgcolor=#92EFBB|Depretis IV·V·VI | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Agostino Depretis
(1813–1887)
As Prime Minister |29 June 1885 |6 October 1885 | 99 days ! style="background:#2E8B57;" | |Historical Left |rowspan=2 bgcolor=#92EFBB|Depretis VII | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Carlo Felice Nicolis,
Count of Robilant
(1826–1887) |6 October 1885 |4 April 1887 | 1 year, 180 days ! style="background:#C3B091;" | |Military | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Agostino Depretis
(1813–1887)
As Prime Minister |4 April 1887 |29 July 1887 | 116 days ! style="background:#2E8B57;" | |Historical Left |bgcolor=#92EFBB|Depretis VIII | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Francesco Crispi
(1819–1901)
As Prime Minister |29 July 1887 |6 February 1891 | 3 years, 192 days ! style="background:#2E8B57;" | |Historical Left |bgcolor=#92EFBB|Crispi I·II | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
(1839–1908)
As Prime Minister |6 February 1891 |15 May 1892 | 1 year, 99 days ! style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Di Rudinì I | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Benedetto Brin
(1833–1898) |15 May 1892 |15 December 1893 | 1 year, 214 days ! style="background:#C3B091;" | |Military |bgcolor=#92EFBB|Giolitti I | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Alberto Blanc
(1835–1904) |15 December 1893 |10 March 1896 | 2 years, 86 days ! style="background:#2E8B57;" | |Historical Left |bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Crispi III·IV | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Onorato Caetani
(1842–1917) |10 March 1896 |11 July 1896 | 123 days ! style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Di Rudinì II | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Emilio Visconti Venosta
(1829–1914) |11 July 1896 |1 June 1898 | 1 year, 325 days ! style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Di Rudinì III·IV | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Raffaele Cappelli
(1848–1921) |1 June 1898 |29 June 1898 | 28 days ! style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Di Rudinì V | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Felice Napoleone Canevaro
(1838–1926) |29 June 1898 |14 May 1899 | 319 days ! style="background:#C3B091;" | |Military |bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Pelloux I | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Emilio Visconti Venosta
(1829–1914) |14 May 1899 |15 February 1901 |1 year, 277 days !style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Pelloux II
Saracco | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Giulio Prinetti
(1851–1908) |15 February 1901 |9 February 1903 | 1 year, 359 days ! style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |rowspan=2 bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Zanardelli | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Enrico Morin
(1841–1910) |9 February 1903 |3 September 1903 | 206 days ! style="background:#C3B091;" | |Military | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Tommaso Tittoni
(1855–1931) |3 September 1903 |27 March 1905 |1 year, 205 days !style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Giolitti II
Tittoni | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Alessandro Fortis
(1842–1909)
As Prime Minister |27 March 1905 |24 December 1905 | 272 days ! style="background:#2E8B57;" | |Historical Left |bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Fortis I | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Antonio Paternò Castello
di San Giuliano
(1852–1914) |24 December 1905 |8 February 1906 | 46 days ! style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Fortis II | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Francesco Guicciardini
(1851–1915) |8 February 1906 |29 May 1906 | 110 days ! style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Sonnino I | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Tommaso Tittoni
(1855–1931) |29 May 1906 |10 December 1909 | 3 years, 195 days ! style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Giolitti III | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Francesco Guicciardini
(1851–1915) |11 December 1909 |31 March 1910 | 110 days ! style="background:#1E87B2;" | |Historical Right |bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Sonnino II | |- style="height:5em;" ! rowspan=2| ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" rowspan=2|Antonio Paternò Castello
di San Giuliano
(1852–1914) |rowspan=2|31 March 1910 |rowspan=2|17 October 1914 |rowspan=2|4 years, 210 days !rowspan=2 style="background:#0047AB;" | |rowspan=2|Historical Right /
Liberal Union |bgcolor=#EEEEEE|Luzzatti |rowspan=2| |- style="height:5em;" |bgcolor=#D5E1FF|Giolitti IV
Salandra I |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Antonio Salandra
(1853–1931)
As Prime Minister |17 October 1914 |31 October 1914 |14 days ! style="background:#0047AB;" | |Liberal Union |bgcolor=#D5E1FF|Salandra I | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Sidney Sonnino
(1847–1922) |31 October 1914 |23 June 1919 |4 years, 235 days ! style="background:#0047AB;" | |Liberal Union |bgcolor=#D5E1FF|Salandra III
Boselli
Orlando | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Tommaso Tittoni
(1855–1931) |23 June 1919 |26 June 1919 |3 days ! style="background:#0047AB;" | |Liberal Union |rowspan=2 bgcolor=#D5E1FF|Nitti I | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Francesco Nitti
(1868–1953)
As Prime Minister |26 June 1919 |26 September 1919 |92 days ! style="background:#00542E;" | |Italian Radical Party | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Vittorio Scialoja
(1856–1933) |26 September 1919 |15 June 1920 |263 days ! style="background:#0047AB;" | |Liberal Union |bgcolor=#D5E1FF|Nitti I·II | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Carlo Sforza
(1872–1952) |15 June 1920 |4 July 1921 |1 year, 19 days ! style="background:Gold;" | |Democratic Liberal Party |bgcolor=#D5E1FF|Giolitti V | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Pietro Tomasi della Torretta
(1873–1962) |4 July 1921 |22 February 1922 |233 days ! style="background:#DCDCDC;" | |Independent |bgcolor=#D5E1FF|Bonomi I | |- ! ! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal" |Carlo Schanzer
(1865–1953) |26 February 1922 |31 October 1922 |251 days ! style="background:Gold;" | |Democratic Liberal Party |bgcolor=#D5E1FF|Facta I·II | |-

Team allocation

[edit]

Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

[edit]
Giorgia MeloniMario DraghiGiuseppe ContePaolo GentiloniMatteo RenziEnrico LettaMario MontiMassimo D'AlemaRomano ProdiLamberto DiniSilvio BerlusconiCarlo Azeglio CiampiGiuliano AmatoCiriaco De MitaGiovanni GoriaBettino CraxiGiovanni SpadoliniArnaldo ForlaniFrancesco CossigaGiulio AndreottiEmilio ColomboMariano RumorAldo MoroGiovanni LeoneFernando TambroniAdone ZoliAntonio SegniMario ScelbaAmintore FanfaniGiuseppe PellaAlcide De GasperiFerruccio ParriPietro BadoglioBenito MussoliniLuigi FactaIvanoe BonomiFrancesco Saverio NittiVittorio Emanuele OrlandoPaolo BoselliAntonio SalandraLuigi LuzzatiSidney SonninoAlessandro FortisTommaso TittoniGiuseppe ZanardelliGiuseppe SaraccoLuigi PellouxGiovanni GiolittiAntonio Starabba, Marchese di RudinìFrancesco CrispiBenedetto CairoliAgostino DepretisGiovanni LanzaFederico Luigi, Conte MenabreaAlfonso Ferrero La MarmoraMarco MinghettiLuigi Carlo FariniUrbano RattazziBettino RicasoliCamillo Benso, Count of Cavour

Key

[edit]
Election Chamber of Deputies Senate of the Republic Leader
Votes % Seats +/– Position Votes % Seats +/– Position
2008 12,434,260 33.2
217 / 630
 – Steady 2nd 11,052,577 33.7
118 / 315
 – Steady 2nd Walter Veltroni
2013 8,934,009 25.4
297 / 630
 Increase
80 		Steady 2nd 8,400,255 27.4
112 / 315
 Decrease
6 		Increase 1st Pier Luigi Bersani
2018 6,161,896 18.8
112 / 630
 Decrease
185 		Steady 2nd 5,783,360 19.1
54 / 315
 Decrease
58 		Steady 2nd Matteo Renzi
2022 5,356,180 19.1
69 / 400
 Decrease
43 		Steady 2nd 5,226,732 19.0
40 / 200
 Decrease
13 		Steady 2nd Enrico Letta
Election Chamber of Deputies Senate of the Republic Leader
Votes % Seats +/– Position Votes % Seats +/– Position
2013 666,035 1.9
9 / 630
 – Steady 8th 590,083 1.9
0 / 315
 – Steady 7th Giorgia Meloni
2018 7,302,517 4.4
32 / 630
 Increase
23 		Increase 5th 1,286,606 4.3
18 / 315
 Increase
18 		Increase 5th
2022 7,302,517 26.0
119 / 400
 Increase
87 		Increase 1st 7,167,136 26.0
65 / 200
 Increase
47 		Increase 1st
Election Chamber of Deputies Senate of the Republic Leader
Votes % Seats +/– Position Votes % Seats +/– Position
2013 8,691,406 25.6
109 / 630
 – Steady 1st 7,285,850 23.8
54 / 315
 – Steady 2nd Beppe Grillo
2018 10,732,066 32.7
227 / 630
 Increase
119 		Steady 1st 9,733,928 32.2
112 / 315
 Increase
58 		Increase 1st Luigi Di Maio
2022 4,333,972 15.4
52 / 400
 Decrease
175 		Decrease 3rd 4,285,894 15.6
28 / 200
 Decrease
85 		Decrease 3rd Giuseppe Conte
Election Chamber of Deputies Senate of the Republic Leader
Votes % Seats +/– Position Votes % Seats +/– Position
2018 5,698,687 17.4
124 / 630
 Increase
104 		Increase 3rd 5,321,537 17.6
58 / 315
 Increase
40 		Increase 3rd Matteo Salvini
2022 2,464,005 8.8
66 / 400
 Decrease
59 		Decrease 4th 2,439,200 8.9
30 / 200
 Decrease
28 		Decrease 4th
Election Chamber of Deputies Senate of the Republic Leader
Votes % Seats +/– Position Votes % Seats +/– Position
2018 4,596,956 14.0
106 / 630
 – Steady 4th 4,358,004 14.4
58 / 315
 – Steady 4th Silvio Berlusconi
2022 2,278,217 8.1
45 / 400
 Decrease
61 		Decrease 5th 2,279,802 8.3
18 / 200
 Decrease
40 		Decrease 5th
Election Chamber of Deputies Senate of the Republic Leader
Votes % Seats +/– Position Votes % Seats +/– Position
2022 2,186,669 7.8
21 / 400
 – Steady 6th 2,132,310 7.7
9 / 200
 – Steady 6th Carlo Calenda
Election Chamber of Deputies Senate of the Republic Leader
Votes % Seats +/– Position Votes % Seats +/– Position
2022 1,071,663 3.6
12 / 400
 – Steady 7th 972,316 3.5
4 / 200
 – Steady 7th Angelo Bonelli

Climate

[edit]
Bologna, Italy
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
34
 
 
6
−1
 
 
44
 
 
9
1
 
 
54
 
 
14
4
 
 
74
 
 
18
7
 
 
58
 
 
23
12
 
 
57
 
 
27
16
 
 
41
 
 
30
19
 
 
53
 
 
30
18
 
 
68
 
 
25
15
 
 
72
 
 
19
10
 
 
68
 
 
11
4
 
 
49
 
 
7
0
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [4]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
1.3
 
 
43
31
 
 
1.7
 
 
48
34
 
 
2.1
 
 
58
39
 
 
2.9
 
 
64
45
 
 
2.3
 
 
73
54
 
 
2.3
 
 
81
60
 
 
1.6
 
 
87
65
 
 
2.1
 
 
86
65
 
 
2.7
 
 
78
59
 
 
2.8
 
 
65
50
 
 
2.7
 
 
52
40
 
 
1.9
 
 
44
33
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
[edit]
2027 Italian general election
← 2022 25 October 2027 Next →
400 seats in the Chamber (C) · 200 seats in the Senate (S)
201 seats needed for a majority in the Chamber
104 seats needed for a majority in the Senate
Opinion polls
Registered46,021,956 (C) · 45,210,950 (S)
Turnout29,385,111 (C) · 63.85% (Decrease 9.09 pp)
28,850,840 (S) · 63.81% (Decrease 9.20 pp)
  First party Second party Third party
 
Elly Schlein 2023 (cropped).jpg
Giorgia Meloni Official 2023 crop.jpg
MEP Roberto Vannacci.jpg
Leader Elly Schlein Giorgia Meloni[5] Roberto Vannacci
Party Democratic Party Brothers of Italy The World Upside Down
Alliance Centre-left Centre-right –
Leader's seat Lombardy 1 (C) L'Aquila (C) Lombardy 1 (C)
Seats won 195 (C) · 98 (S) 150 (C) · 66 (S) 52 (C) · 28 (S)
Popular vote 12,340,096 (C)
12,161,688 (S) 		10,305,014 (C)
10,135,847 (S) 		2,333,972 (C)
2,285,894 (S)
Percentage 44.1% (C) · 44.3% (S) 40.8% (C) · 39.0% (S) 8.4% (C) · 8.6% (S)
Swing Increase 3.2 pp (C)
Increase 3.0 pp (S) 		Increase 6.8 pp (C)
Increase 6.5 pp (S) 		New
Prime Minister before election

Giorgia Meloni
Brothers of Italy

Prime Minister after the election

Elly Schlein
Democratic Party

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "IV Governo Cavour". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  2. ^ "I Governo Ricasoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  3. ^ "I Governo Rattazzi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  4. ^ "Application Control Violation". clima.meteoam.it.
  5. ^ The coalition had not officially expressed a unitary leader before the elections, having agreed that this should be the expression of the party with the highest number of votes.
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