User:Ngriffeth/Low-fiber diet
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A low-fiber/low-residue diet is a diet whose goal is fewer and smaller bowel movements each day. The diet may be used as part of the bowel preparation before a diagnostic procedure such as colonoscopy or as a short-term therapy for acute stages of gastrointestinal illnesses such as Crohn's Disease, diverticulitis, bowel obstruction, and ulcerative colitis. In addition, a low-fiber diet is often prescribed before and/or after abdominal surgery or cancer treatments.
Most sources treat low-fiber and low-residue diets as identical, but some make a distinction based on the difference between fiber and residue. Dietary fiber is the indigestible part of food made from plants. Residue includes not only fiber but also other materials found in the colon after digestion. When this distinction is made, a low-fiber diet simply reduces fiber intake by eliminating or limiting high-fiber foods such as raw fruits and vegetables. A low-residue diet includes restrictions on foods such as dairy products, which do not contain fiber but do develop residue after digestion.
The American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics’ removed the low-residue diet from its Nutrition Care Manual because there is no scientifically accepted quantitative definition of residue and there is no method to determine the residue produced by a food.[18]
General guidelines
[edit]Almost all low-fiber/low-residue diets make the following recommendations:[7][6][8][9][13][17][1][4][19][20][21][22]
| Food type | Eat/Drink | Avoid |
|---|---|---|
| Grains | Breads and other baked goods made from refined white flour | Whole grain breads and baked goods |
| Cold cereals made from refined flours, such as cornflakes and rice krispies | Whole grain cereals such as bran flakes | |
| White rice, noodles, refined pasta | Brown rice, whole wheat pasta, and other whole grain foods | |
| Fruits | Fruit juices without pulp, except prune juice | Juices with pulp or seed, prune juice |
| Soft fruits such as bananas and melons | Dried fruits, berries | |
| Canned or well-cooked fruit | ||
| Vegetables | Vegetable juices without pulp | Juices with pulp or seed |
| Potatoes without skin | Potato skins | |
| Canned or well-cooked vegetables | ||
| Meat, Other Protein | Well-cooked tender meat, fish, poultry, eggs | Tough meat, meat with gristle |
| Beans, peas, legumes, nuts | ||
| Dairy | All dairy if lactose intolerant | |
| Milk | ||
| Soft, mild cheeses | Strong cheeses | |
| Plain yoghurt | Yoghurt or cheese containing nuts, berries, raw fruit | |
| Oils | Vegetable oils, margarine, butter |
Some diets recommend limiting servings of baked goods to 2 grams per serving.
Conditions that may require a low residue diet
[edit] | This section needs additional citations for verification. (May 2011) |
- Pre- and post- abdominal or intestinal surgery[medical citation needed]
- Bowel inflammation[medical citation needed]
- Crohn's disease[medical citation needed]
- Diverticulitis[23]
- Ulcerative colitis[medical citation needed]
- Radiation therapy to the pelvis and lower bowel[medical citation needed]
- Chemotherapy[medical citation needed]
- Preparation for and participation in space flight (as per the space toilet)[medical citation needed]
- Preparation for a colonoscopy[medical citation needed]
- Gastroparesis[medical citation needed]
- Internal hemorrhoid surgery[medical citation needed]
Issues
[edit]Quantity of Fiber
[edit]A low-fiber diet is not a no-fiber diet. A recent review article recommends less than 10 grams of fiber per day.[18] Other sources recommend that a patient on a low-fiber diet eat no more than 10-15 grams of fiber per day.
Nutritional Quality
[edit]If the diet must be strict and followed over a long period of time, the intake of fruits and vegetables may not provide adequate amounts of vitamin C and folic acid. The quantity of calcium may also be inadequate if dairy products are restricted. In these cases, a multivitamin supplement or liquid nutritional supplement may be needed.[6][7]
Colonoscopy
[edit]The most common preparaton for a colonoscopy is a clear liquid diet accompanied by laxatives. However, this may not be the most effective preparation. A recent guideline issued by The Standards of Practice Committee of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy recommends using a low-residue diet instead, also accompanied by laxatives,[10] because of evidence that it performs at least as well for bowel cleansing and is associated with better patient satisfaction.[11][12]
Crohn's Disease
[edit]Various guides to low-fiber diet suggest their use for short-term management of Crohn's disease, but there is little research to support this.[13]. A recent review of the research found that a semi-elemental whey hydrolyzed protein (WHP) diet is superior for treatment of Crohn's disease.[14]
Diverticulitis
[edit]While a low-fiber diet is generally used for acute diverticulitis, the NIH guidelines recommend a high-fiber diet for patients with diverticulosis (a condition that may lead to diverticulitis).[16] A Mayo Clinic review from 2011 showed that a high-fiber diet can prevent diverticular disease.[24]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Low-Fiber Nutrition Therapy". New York Presbyterian. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ Alpers, David H.; Taylor, Beth E.; Bier, Dennis M.; Klein, Samuel (Jan 21, 2015). Manual of Nutritional Therapeutics. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Meant for quick retrieval of vital information regarding the management of nutritional issues in patients with gastroenterological problems--either primary or as the consequence of other medical disorders, such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity. The book addresses normal physiology and pathophysiology, and offers chapters on diseases that can lead to specific nutritional problems. The clinical focus is on therapeutic nutrition and dietary management.
- ^ Cunningham, Eleese (April 2012). "Are Low-Residue Diets Still Applicable?". Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 112 (6): 960.
- ^ a b Mayo Clinic. "Low-fiber diet",August 15, 2009; retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. "Low-residue/Low-fiber Diet". Retrieved December 16, 2011.
- ^ a b c "Low Fiber/Low Residue Diet". Jackson|Siegelbaum Gastroenterology. Jackson|Siegelbaum Gastroenterology and West Shore Endoscopy Center. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
- ^ a b c "Low Fiber/Low Residue Diet". ATLANTIC COAST GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATES. Atlantic Coast Gastroenterology. December 17, 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
- ^ a b "Should You Try a Low-Residue Diet?". WebMD. WebMD. October 25, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
- ^ a b "Low residue diet" (PDF). Great Western Hospital. Great Western Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. May 15, 2012. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
- ^ a b Saltzman, John R.; Cash, Brooks D.; Pasha, Shabana F.; Early, Dayna S.; Muthusamy, V. Raman; Khashab, Mouen A.; Chathadi, Krishnavel V.; Fanelli, Robert D.; Chandrasekhara, Vinay; et al. (April 2015). "Bowel preparation before colonoscopy". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (GIE). 81 (4): 781--794. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2014.09.048.
This is one of a series of documents discussing the use of GI endoscopy in common clinical situations. The Standards of Practice Committee of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy prepared this document that updates a previously issued consensus statement and a technology status evaluation report on this topic
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|last10=(help) - ^ a b Wu, Keng-Liang; Rayner, Christopher K; Chuah, Seng-Kee; Chiu, King-Wah; Lu, Chien-Chang; Chiu, Yi-Chun (2011). "Impact of low-residue diet on bowel preparation for colonoscopy". Diseases of the colon & rectum. 54 (1). LWW: 107--112. doi:10.1007/DCR.0b013e3181fb1e52.
- ^ a b Helwick, Caroline (May 23, 2016). "Low-Residue Diet Acceptable for Bowel Prep". Medscape. WebMD. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
- ^ a b c "The Low-Residue Diet for Crohn's Disease". Healthline. Healthline Media. January 6, 2017. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
- ^ a b Alexander, Dominik D; Bylsma, Lauren C; Elkayam, Laura; Nguyen, Douglas L (May 6, 2016). "Nutritional and health benefits of semi-elemental diets: A comprehensive summary of the literature". World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 7 (2): 306–319. doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i2.306.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Tarleton, Sherry; DiBaise, John K. (April 2011). "Low-Residue Diet in Diverticular Disease: Putting an End to a Myth". Nutrition in Clinical Practice. 26 (2). American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: 137--142. doi:10.1177/0884533611399774.
- ^ a b Strate, Lisa L. "Diverticular Disease". NIH. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
- ^ a b Wax, Emily; Zieve, David; Ogilvie, Isla (August 14, 2016). "Low-fiber diet". Medline Plue. ADAM Health Solutions. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
- ^ a b Vanhauwaert, Erika; Matthys, Christophe; Verdonck, Lies; De Preter, Vicky (November 2015). "Low-Residue and Low-Fiber Diets in Gastrointestinal Disease Management". Advances in Nutrition. 6: 820–827. doi:10.3945/an.115.009688. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
This narrative review focuses on defining the similarities and/or discrepancies between low-residue and low-fiber diets and on the diagnostic and therapeutic values of these diets in gastrointestinal disease management.
- ^ Manual of Clinical Nutrition Management (PDF). Compass Group. 2013.
- ^ "Low FIber Diet" (PDF). Rush University Medical Center. Rush University Medical Center. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
- ^ Clinical Dietitians Nutrition Service. "Low-Fiber, Low-Residue Diet" (PDF). Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
- ^ "Low-Residue/Low-Fiber Diet". University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. UPMC. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
- ^ Mayo Clinic. "Diverticulitis diet"
- ^ Tarleton, S; Dibaise, JK (2011). "Low-residue diet in diverticular disease: Putting an end to a myth". Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 26 (2): 137–42. doi:10.1177/0884533611399774. PMID 21447765.