User:Ngeer20/Syntrophobacter wolinii
| Syntrophobacter wolinii | |
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| Species: | S. wolinii Boone & Bryant, 1980
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Syntrophobacter wolinii is a non-motile, gram-negative and rod-shaped species of bacteria that was originally isolated from a wastewater digester. This species is most notably able to degrade propionate and reduce sulfate.[1][2] S. wolinii can be grown in co-culture or pure culture. 16s rRNA analysis shows its close relation to other sulfate reducers.
Metabolism
[edit]Propionate is an intermediate in the process of methane production in sewage digesters, the main environment in which this species has been isolated from. S. wolinii degrades propionate via the methylmalonyl-CoA pathway, resulting in the production of acetate, CO2 and H2.[3] This process is energetically favorable only under low partial pressure of H2 gas, specifically below 10-5 atm. At high partial pressures of oxygen, the reaction is endergonic (ΔG° = +76.0 kJ). When H2 partial pressures are constrained by methanogenesis or sulfate-reduction, the reaction is exergonic (ΔG° = 26.5 kJ).[4][1][2] S. wolinii can use additional substrates such as pyruvate and fumarate in place of propionate.[5] Reduction of sulfate to sulfite and methylation of Hg(II) have also been observed by the bacterium. [2] [6]
Cultures
[edit]S. wolinii has been repeatedly grown in co-culture with sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio sp. and methanogen Methanospirillum hungateii.[1][2][3][5] Isolation in pure culture has been successful with propionate and sulfate together or pyruvate alone.[2] S. wolinii optimum growth occurs when kept near neutral pH, yet has been observed to tolerate a pH of 6.1. Growth of this microbe appears to be sensitive to salinity, and is stunted at NaCl concentrations of 86 mM.[5]
Phylogeny
[edit]16s rRNA analysis indicates that S. wolinii is closely related to Desulfomonile tiedjei and Desulfoarculus baarsi. All three of these microbes can perform sulfate reduction. [7]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Boone DR, Bryant MP (September 1980). "Propionate-Degrading Bacterium, Syntrophobacter wolinii sp. nov. gen. nov., from Methanogenic Ecosystems". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 40 (3): 626–32. doi:10.1128/aem.40.3.626-632.1980. PMC 291629. PMID 16345640.
- ^ a b c d e Wallrabenstein, Christina; Hauschild, Elisabeth; Schink, Bernhard (November 1994). "Pure culture and cytological properties of 'Syntriphobacter wolini'". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 123 (3): 249–254. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07232.x.
- ^ a b Houwen, Frans P.; Plokker, Jeannette; Stams, Alfons J. M.; Zehnder, Alexander J. B. (1990-12-01). "Enzymatic evidence for involvement of the methylmalonyl-CoA pathway in propionate oxidation by Syntrophobacter wolinii". Archives of Microbiology. 155 (1): 52–55. doi:10.1007/BF00291274. ISSN 1432-072X.
- ^ Thauer, R K; Jungermann, K; Decker, K (1977-03). "Energy conservation in chemotrophic anaerobic bacteria". Bacteriological Reviews. 41 (1): 100–180. doi:10.1128/br.41.1.100-180.1977. PMC 413997. PMID 860983.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ a b c Liu, Yitai; Balkwill, David L.; Aldrich, Henry C.; Drake, Gwendolyn R.; Boone, David R. (1999). "Characterization of the anaerobic propionate-degrading syntrophs Smithella propionica gen. nov., sp. nov. and Syntrophobacter wolinii". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 49 (2): 545–556. doi:10.1099/00207713-49-2-545. ISSN 1466-5034.
- ^ Yu, Ri-Qing; Reinfelder, John R.; Hines, Mark E.; Barkay, Tamar (2018-7). "Syntrophic pathways for microbial mercury methylation". The ISME Journal. 12 (7): 1826–1835. doi:10.1038/s41396-018-0106-0. ISSN 1751-7362. PMC 6018798. PMID 29599522.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Harmsen, Hermie J. M.; Wullings, Bart; Akkermans, Antoon D. L.; Ludwig, Wolfgang; Stams, Alfons J. M. (1993-09-01). "Phylogenetic analysis of Syntrophobacter wolinii reveals a relationship with sulfate-reducing bacteria". Archives of Microbiology. 160 (3): 238–240. doi:10.1007/BF00249130. ISSN 1432-072X.