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Main article: Hokule‘a
Port aft quarter of Hōkūle‘a
Hōkūle‘a under sail
Galley and Diamond Bakery's cookie bucket.[1]
Motto, Kapu nā Keiki,[2] engraved on a crossbeam of Hōkūle‘a


* Shown at first mention of the crew person's name, denotes this person has passed away according to Polynesian Voyaging Society website, or other source as noted.[3]

1976 Inaugural Voyage

[edit]

Hōkūle‘a, led by Captain Elia David Kuʻualoha "Kawika" Kapahulehua* and Navigator Pius Mau "Mau" Piailug, departed Honolua Bay, Maui, Hawaiʻi for Papeʻete, Tahiti, as part of the celebration of the United States Bicentennial. Mau navigated the leg to Tahiti with only his traditional knowledge and skills while the return leg was navigated using modern methods and tools (compass, nautical charts, sextant, chronometer, dividers, parallel rulers, pencil, nautical almanac).[4]

Legs of Inaugural Voyage

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1976 Crew to Tahiti
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Navigator: Mau Piailug; Captain: "Kawika" Kapahulehua; Crew: Clifford Ah Mow, Milton "Shorty" Bertelmann, Ben R. Finney, Charles Tommy Holmes*, Sam Kalalau*, Boogie Kalama, Buffalo Keaulana, John Kruse, Douglas "Dukie" Kuahulu*, David Henry Lewis*, David B. K. "Dave" Lyman III*,[5] William "Billy" Richards, Rodo Tuku Williams*.

1976 Crew to Hawaiʻi
[edit]

Navigator: James "Kimo" Lyman;[8] Captain: "Kawika" Kapahulehua; Crew: Abraham "Snake" Ah Hee, Andy Espirto*, Mel Kinney, Francis Kainoa Lee, Gordon Piʻianaiʻa, Leonard Puputauiki, Penny Rawlins, Keani Reiner*, Charles Nainoa "Nainoa" Thompson, Maka'ala Yates, Ben Young.

1977 Kealaikahiki Project

[edit]

In English, the Hawaiian "Ke ala i kahiki" means "the path to Tahiti." The "Kealaikahiki Project" recreated the traditional Kealaikahiki Point departure of ancient voyages to Tahiti.[9] Gordon Piʻianaiʻa's idea to recreate the traditional departures took Hōkūle‘a southeast, across Kealaikahiki Channel between Lānaʻi and Kahoʻolawe Islands, past Kealaikahiki Point, into the ʻAlenuihāhā Channel and the northeast trade winds. The object was to determine whether Hōkūle‘a, departing from west of the 1976 Honolua Bay, Maui, departure point, would bisect the more easterly 1976 voyage track, and so likely reach Tahiti were she to continue. After heading south for two days, Hōkūle‘a did not bisect the 1976 voyage track, but likely would have further south than anticipated. She came about and returned to Hawaiʻi. The traditional departure point would be used for subsequent sailings to Tahiti.[10][11]

Legs of Kealaikahiki Project

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Crew for Kealaikahiki Project
[edit]

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Dave Lyman; Crew: Teené Froiseth, Sam Kaʻai, Sam Kalalau, John Kruse, "Kimo" Lyman, Jerome "Jerry" Muller, Gordon Piʻianaiʻa, Norman Piʻianaiʻa, Michael A. Tongg*, Makaʻala Yates[12]

1978 Tahiti Voyage

[edit]

A second voyage to Tahiti was aborted when Hōkūle‘a capsized[13] and swamped in high wind and seas southwest of the Island of Molokaʻi, five hours after departing Honolulu's Ala Wai Harbor. The crew hung on to the swamped canoe through the night. Flares launched were unseen by passing aircraft, the emergency radio reached no help. By mid-morning, with no sign of imminent rescue and the swamped canoe drifting farther from land, Eddie Aikau, a North Shore, Oʻahu, lifeguard of the year, 1977 Duke Kahanamoku champion and big-wave surfer, valiantly attempted to paddle a surfboard 12–15 miles (19–24 km) to Lānaʻi for help. About nine hours later, flares launched by the crew were spotted by a Hawaiian Airlines flight which circled Hōkūle‘a and radioed the United States Coast Guard ("USCG"). Half an hour later, a USCG search and rescue helicopter was hovering overhead; Hōkūle‘a crew was rescued. The following morning, the USCG Cape Corwin towed the vessel, from 22 miles southwest of Lāʻau Point, Molokaʻi, back to Honolulu.[14] Despite intensive land, air and sea search, Eddie Aikau was never seen again. Hōkūle‘a carries a plaque in his memory. Future voyages will be accompanied by an escort vessel.[15][16]

Legs of 1978 Tahiti Voyage

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1978 Crew to Tahiti
[edit]

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Dave Lyman; First Mate: Leon Paoa Sterling; "Snake" Ah Hee, Edward Ryan Makua Hanai "Eddie" Aikau*, Charman Akina, M.D., Wedemeyer Au, Bruce Blankenfeld, Kilila Hugho, Sam Kaʻai, John Kruse, Marion Lyman,[17] Buddy McGuire, Norman Piʻianaiʻa, Curt Sumida, Teikiheʻepo "Tava" Taupu.[18]

1980 Tahiti Voyage

[edit]

Nainoa Thompson recreated the 1976 voyage to Tahiti to become the first Native Hawaiian in modern times to navigate a canoe thousands of miles without instruments. His mentor, Mau Piailug, sailed as observer. After 29 days at sea, before sighting Mataiva on the way to Tahiti, Mau offered Nainoa only one correction; this was of Nainoa's interpretation of sighting a land-based seabird in mid-morning flight. Such birds generally fly seaward for food at morning and return to land in the evening. While it can usually be assumed that land lies opposite the birds' morning flight direction, this bird spotted mid-morning (during nesting season), carried a fish in its beak.[19] This detail suggested to Mau that the bird's morning flight was not away from land but toward it. The bird was not flying seaward to find more fish, but rather, was returning to land, to feed its young.[20] Leading up to the voyage, an extensive, formal crew training program helped to insure that the voyage would be as safe as possible.[21] Escort boat Ishka followed for safety.[22][15][23]

Legs of 1980 Tahiti Voyage

[edit]
1980 Crew to Tahiti
[edit]

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Gordon Piʻianaiʻa; Chad Kalepa Baybayan, "Shorty" Bertelmann, Harry Ho, Sam Kaʻai, Michael "Buddy" McGuire, Marion Lyman-Mersereau, Mau Piailug, Steve Somsen, Jo Anne Sterling, Leon Paoa Sterling, "Tava" Taupu; Patrick Koon Hung Piʻimauna Charles "Pat" Aiu, MD* [24]

1980 Crew to Hawaiʻi
[edit]

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Gordon Piʻianaiʻa; Wedemeyer Au, Chad Baybayan, Bruce Blankenfeld, "Snake" Ah Hee, John Kruse, Kainoa Lee, "Kimo" Lyman, Mau Piailug, Steven Somsen, Leon Paoa Sterling, Michael Tongg, Nathan Wong

1985 - 1987 Voyage of Rediscovery

[edit]

For voyages across the International Date Line, dates shown below are standardized on Hawai‘i time.

In the "Voyage of Rediscovery," Hōkūle‘a traveled a total distance of 12,000 miles (19,000 km) to destinations throughout Polynesia.[26][27] Inviting fellow Polynesians to join the crew on legs of the voyage extended Hōkūle‘a's success in revitalizing interest in Polynesian culture. For instance, professional Tongan sea captain Sione Taupeamuhu was aboard during a night passage from Tongatapu to Nomuka in the northerly Haʻapai Islands group of Tonga (map). He was skeptical that Hōkūle‘a navigator Nainoa Thompson could find Nomuka without instruments. When Nomuka appeared on the horizon at dawn as anticipated, Taupeamuhu remarked, "Now I can believe the stories of my ancestors."[28] Dorcas and Maalaea served as escort vessels.

Legs of Voyage of Rediscovery

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1985 Crew to Tahiti
[edit]

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: "Shorty" Bertelmann; Crew: Clay Bertelmann*, Dennis Chun, Richard Tai Crouch, Harry Ho, Dr. Larry Magnussen, "Buddy" McGuire, Mau Piailug, Thomas Reity (Satawal), James Shizuru, "Tava" Taupu

1985 Crew to Rarotonga
[edit]

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Gordon Piʻianaiʻa; Crew: "Snake" Ah Hee, Dr. Pat Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Karim Cowan (Tahiti), Bob Krauss, John Kruse, Vic Lipman, Mel Paoa, Mau Piailug, Abraham Piʻianaiʻa, Chad Piʻianaiʻa, Michael Tongg, Andrew Tutai (Cook Islands), Peter Sepelalur (Satawal), Leon Paoa Sterllng, Puaniho Tauotaha (Tahiti), Cliff Watson. (Bob Krauss, journalist; Karim Cowan, and Puaniho Tauotaha were crew members only from Tahiti to Raʻiatea)

1985 Crew to Waitangi
[edit]

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson;[31] Captain and 1st Watch Captain: "Shorty" Bertelmann; 2nd Watch Captain: Leon Paoa Sterling; 3rd Watch Captain: "Tava" Taupu (Marquesas); Crew: Dr. Pat Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Bruce Blankenfeld, Stanley Conrad (New Zealand), Dr. Ben Finney, Harry Ho, "Buddy" McGuire, "Billy" Richards, James Shizuru, Michael Tongg

1986 Crew to Nukuʻalofa
[edit]

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Leon Paoa Sterling; Crew: "Snake" Ah Hee, Dr. Pat Aiu, Carlos Andrade, Chad Baybayan, Philip Ikeda, John Keolanui, "Kimo" Lyman, Mau Piailug, Scott Sullivan, Michael Tongg, Sione Uaine Ula (Tonga)

1986 Crew to Pago Pago
[edit]

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: Leon Paoa Sterling; Crew: Dr. Pat Aiu, Carlos Andrade, Gilbert Ane, Gail Evenari (California), Chad Baybayan, Hector Busby (New Zealand), Philip Ikeda, Sam Kaʻai, John Keolanui, "Kimo" Lyman, Mau Piailug, Scott Sullivan, Jo Anne Sterling, Sione Taupeamuhu (Tonga), Michael Tongg, Sione Uaine Ula (Tonga)

1986 Crew to Aitutaki
[edit]

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: "Shorty" Bertelmann; Crew: Clay Bertelmann, Harry Ho, Pauahi Ioane, Bernard Kilonsky, Ben Lindsey, Mel Paoa, Mau Piailug, Tua Pittman (Cook Islands), "Tava" Taupu (Marquesas)

1986 Crew to Rarotonga
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: Dr. Pat Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Dede Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, "Wally" Froseith, Pauahi Ioane, "Jerry" Muller, Mau Piailug, Tua Pittman (Rarotonga), Reo Tuiravakai (Aitutaki), Raukete Tuiravakai (Aitutaki)

1986 Crew to Tautira
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: "Snake" Ah Hee, Dr. Pat Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Bruce Blankenfeld, Wallace "Wally" Froiseth, Harry Ho, Glen Oshiro, Mau Piailug, Richard Rhodes, Michael Tongg, Aaron Young

1987 Crew to Papeʻete and return
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: U.S. Senator Daniel Akaka, Chad Baybayan; "Wally" Froiseth, Harry Ho, Kilo Kaina, Michele Kapana, Will Kyselka, Russell Mau, Honolulu City Councilman Arnold Morgado; Abraham Piʻianaiʻa, Tutaha Salmon (Tahiti), Cary Sneider (California), "Tava" Taupu (Marquesas), Michael Tongg, Aaron Young. Senator Akaka and Councilman Morgado joined the crew in Papeʻete.

1987 Crew to Rangiroa
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew; Chad Baybayan, Clay Bertelmann, "Wally" Froiseth, Rey Jonsson, Solomon Kahoʻohalahala, Will Kyselka, Charles Larson, Mel Paoa, Cary Sneider (California), "Tava" Taupu, Michael Tongg, Clifford Watson, Dr. Nathan Wong, Elisa Yadao, Aaron Young

1987 Crew to Hawaiʻi
[edit]

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Captain: "Shorty" Bertelmann; Crew: "Snake" Ah Hee, Dr. Pat Aiu, Chad Baybayan, Bruce Blankenfeld, Stanley Conrad (New Zealand), Eni Hunkin (Samoa), Tua Pittman (Cook Islands), Dixon Stroup, Puaniho Tauotaha (Tahiti), Sione Taupeamuhu (Tonga), "Tava" Taupu (Marquesas), Michael Tongg, Clifford Watson, Elisa Yadao

1992 No Nā Mamo

[edit]

Hōkūle‘a sailed to Tahiti, Raʻiatea, and on to Rarotonga for the Sixth[32] Festival of Pacific Arts,[33] then, via Tahiti, sailed back to Hawaiʻi. This voyage, known as "No Nā Mamo," or "For the Children," was designed to train a new generation of voyagers to sail Hōkūle‘a, to share values and knowledge of voyaging, and to celebrate the revival of canoe building and non-instrument navigation. The voyage included an educational component where Hawaiian students could track the progress of the canoe through daily radio reports.[34] Kama Hele escorted the voyage.[35]

Legs of No Nā Mamo

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1992 Crew to Tahiti
[edit]

Crew: Nainoa Thompson, Sailing master; Chad Baybayan, Co-navigator; "Shorty" Bertelmann, Co-navigator; Clay Bertelmann, Captain; Nailima Ahuna, Fisherman; Dennis J. Chun, Historian; Maulili Dixon, Cook; Kainoa Lee; Liloa Long; Jay Pailiki; Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon; Ben Tamura, M.D.; "Tava" Taupu

1992 Crew to Raʻiatea
[edit]

Crew: Nainoa Thompson, Sailing master; Chad Baybayan, Navigator; Keahi Omai, Navigator; "Billy" Richards, Captain; Gilbert Ane; John Eddy, Film Documentation; Clement "Tiger" Espere*; Brickwood Galuteria, Communications; Harry Ho; Sol Kahoohalahala; Dennis Kawaharada, Communications; Reggie Keaunui; Keone Nunes, Oral Historian; Eric Martinson; Nalani Minton, Traditional Medicine; Esther Mookini, Hawaiian Language; Mel Paoa; Cliff Watson, Film Documentation; Nathan Wong, M.D.

1992 Crew to Rarotonga
[edit]

Crew: Nainoa Thompson, Sailing master; Chad Baybayan, Navigator; Gordon Piʻianaiʻa, Captain; Moana Doi, Photo Documentation; John Eddy, Film Documentation; Ben Finney, Scholar; "Wally" Froseith, Watch Captain; Brickwood Galuteria, Communications; Harry Ho; Kaʻau McKenney; Keahi Omai; Keone Nunes, Oral Historian; "Billy" Richards, Watch Captain; Cliff Watson, Film Documentation Cook Islands Additional Crew: Clive Baxter (Aitutaki); Tura Koronui (Atiu); Dorn Marsters (Aitutaki); Tua Pittman (Rarotonga); Nga Pouʻaʻo (Mitiaro); Maʻara Tearaua (Mangaia); Peʻia Tuaʻati (Mauke)

1992 Crew to Hawaiʻi
[edit]

Co-navigators: Bruce Blankenfeld, "Kimo" Lyman;[8] Captain: Michael Tongg; Sailing Master: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captain and Cook: "Snake" Ah Hee; Watch Captain: Aaron Young; Ship's Doctor: Pat Aiu, M.D; Historian: Carlos Andrade; Fisherman: Terry Hee; Communications: Scott Sullivan; Crew: Archie Kalepa, Suzette Smith, Wallace Wong, Gary Yuen

1995 Nā ʻOhana Holo Moana

[edit]

1995 Spring voyage segment

[edit]

In the spring, Hōkūle‘a, along with sister ships Hawai‘iloa and Makali‘i, sailed from Hawaiʻi to Tahiti. They participated in a gathering of voyaging canoes from across Oceania at nearby Marae Taputapuatea, Raʻiatea, which led to the lifting of a six-centuries-old tapu on voyaging from Raʻiatea,[40] then all the canoes returned to Tahiti, sailed to Nuku Hiva in the Marquesas, then on to Hawaiʻi.[41] This was only the first part of a voyage spanning spring and summer known as "Nā ʻOhana Holo Moana," or The Voyaging Families of the Vast Ocean.[42][43] Hōkūle‘a was escorted by Gershon II under Steve Kornberg; Rizaldar, under Randy Wichman, also escorted.

Legs of Nā ʻOhana Holo Moana, spring

[edit]
1995 Crew to Tahiti
[edit]

Sailing Master: Nainoa Thompson; Navigators: Kaʻau McKenney, Keahi Omai; Crew: Shantell Ching, Junior Coleman, Catherine Fuller, Harry Ho, Mau Piailug, Sesario Sewralur (son of Mau Piailug), Ben Tamura, MD; "Tava" Taupu, Michael Tongg, Kamaki Worthington. After Hōkūle‘a sighted Tikehau on 2 March 1995, Navigators Kaʻau McKenney and Keahi Omai turned over navigation to their apprentices, Junior Coleman and Sesario Sewralur, who guided the vessel to landfall in Papeʻete, Tahiti.[45]

1995 Crew to Tautira
[edit]

This crew may be the same as on the previous leg, but this is speculation.

1995 Crew to Nuku Hiva
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Chad Baybayan;

1995 Crew to Hawaiʻi
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Chad Baybayan; Co-assistant navigators: Moana Doi, Piʻikea Miller; Watch Captains: "Snake" Ah Hee, "Tava" Taupu, Michael Tongg; Medical Officer: Mel Paoa; Fisherman and Teacher: Nainoa Thompson; Cook: Gary Yuen; Crew: Clyde Aikau, Francis Kainoa Lee, Sam Pautu, Mau Piailug, Sesario Sewralur, Gary Suzuki[49][50]

1995 Summer voyage segment

[edit]

In the summer: Hōkūle‘a and Hawai‘iloa sailed the West Coast of the United States. Both vessels were shipped from Hawaiʻi to Seattle, Washington, after which they sailed to Vancouver, British Columbia. They visited intermediate ports, often where local American Indian tribes hosted them to a dinner and gift exchange. From Vancouver, Hawai‘iloa sailed as far north as Haines, Alaska.[51] Hōkūle‘a sailed south to San Diego via Portland, Oregon, and the California ports of San Francisco, Santa Barbara, and Long Beach. The voyaging canoes were shipped back to Hawaiʻi: Hōkūle‘a from San Pedro; Hawai‘iloa from Seattle. This summer part of the voyage promoted cultural and educational exchanges with Hawaiians (some of whom had never been to Hawaiʻi), Native Americans, and other people living on the United States West Coast.

Legs of Nā ʻOhana Holo Moana, summer

[edit]
  1. Pier 57, Seattle, Washington,  United States: 19 May 1995 to 26 May 1995
    Hōkūle‘a crew participated in National Maritime Week festivities and shared a dinner hosted by the Muckleshoot, Puyallup, Suquamish nations and Wayfinders of the Pacific.[53]
  2. Golden Gardens, Shilshole Bay: 27 May 1995 to 28 May 1995
    A potlatch with First Nations was shared with hoʻolauleʻa (celebration); Hōkūle‘a supported the Polynesian Youth Games hosted by Seattle Parks and Recreation
  3. Chinook Landing Marina, Puyallup Nation, Tacoma: 28 May 1995 to 1 June 1995
    As well as sharing educational outreach and cultural exchange, crew shared in a luau.
  4. Suquamish Reservation: 1 June 1995 to 2 June 1995
  5. Lummi Nation, Bellingham: 3 June 1995 to 4 June 1995
  6. Squalicum Harbor, Bellingham: 5 June 1995
  7. Swinomish Reservation, Skagit, Washington,  United States: 6 June 1995
  8. Vancouver Maritime Museum, Vancouver, British Columbia,  Canada: 7 June 1995 to 8 June 1995
    Exchange with the Assembly of First Nations
  9. Makah Nation, Neah Bay, Washington,  United States: 9 June 1995 to 11 June 1995


  1. Kalama, Washington where crew shared a dinner with Kalama ʻOhana: 16 June 1995
  2. Fort Vancouver, Washington public dock where Hōkūle‘a was part of a festival and the rededication of Kanaka Village:[54] 17 June 1995 to 20 June 1995


  1. Hyde Street Pier arrival for 1 July 1995 welcoming ceremony and festival at Crissy Field, 2 July 1995 Long Boat Regatta on the bay, Hawaiian music concert and Polynesian festival at Lawrence Hall of Science.


  1. Santa Barbara Harbor Marina: 10 July 1995 to 11 July 1995, interchange with the Santa Barbara Outrigger Canoe Club, Cousteau Institute, and the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History


  1. Gabrieleño/Tongva Tribal Council, Kalifornia Outrigger Association, Hawaiian Civic Clubs, the Rapa Nui Outrigger Club,[55] and the City of Long Beach, on 12 July 1995;
  2. A two-day symposium with scholars, scientists, and master artisans called Century of the Pakipika, 13 July 1995 to 14 July 1995;
  3. A Hawaiian and Pacific Island Festival with teachers' workshops, the annual Long Beach Hoʻolauleʻa Canoe Regatta and a farewell dinner and ceremonies, 13 July 1995 to 19 July 1995


  1. Embarcadero, San Diego, there was a welcoming ceremony, 22 July 1995,[52]
  2. A Hawaiian and Pacific Islands festival, and an exhibition, called:
  3. Hale Naua, or "Turning Back the Sky," at the San Diego Museum of Man, 23 July 1995 to 25 July 1995


1995 Crew to San Pedro
[edit]

Captains: Gordon Piʻianaiʻa, "Kimo" Lyman, Michael Tongg, Chad Baybayan; Crew: Moana Doi[53]

1999 - 2000 Closing the Triangle

[edit]

Hōkūle‘a sailed from Hawaiʻi to Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and back, via the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia.[56] While in the Marquesas, short trips were made between principal islands of the group (map).[57] A brief stop was made at Pitcairn Island on the Mangareva – Rapa Nui leg. A technically challenging voyage due to Rapa Nui's isolation and location 900 miles upwind;[58] it is known as "Closing the Triangle" because it takes the canoe to the southeastern Pacific for the first time.[59] Kama Hele escorted the voyage.[60]

Legs of Closing the Triangle

[edit]
1999 Crew to Nuku Hiva
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Apprentice Navigator: Piʻikea Miller; Watch Captains: Dennis Chun, Terry Hee, Leon Paoa Sterling; Crew: Russell Amimoto, Desmon Antone, Darcy Attisani, Kekama Helm, Kaʻau McKenney, Atwood Makanani, Hauʻoli Smith, Wallace Wong[60]

1999 Crew to Mangareva
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Chad Baybayan; Apprentice Navigators: Moana Doi, Catherine Fuller; Student Navigator: Aldon Kim; Watch Captains: Terry Hee, Mel Paoa, "Tava" Taupu; Protocol Officer: Kaniela Akaka; Crew: Tim Gilliom, Kealoha Hoe, Aeronwy Polo, Mona Shintani, Gary Suzuki, Nalani Wilson, Gary Yuen[62]

1999 Crew to Rapa Nui
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Navigtors: Bruce Blankenfeld, Chad Baybayan; Medical Officer: Ben Tamura, MD; Photographer and Videographer: Sonny Ahuna; Crew: Shantell Ching, Terry Hee, Mel Paoa, "Tava" Taupu, Michael Tongg, Max Yarawamai, Aaron Young[63]

1999 Crew to Tahiti
[edit]

Navigator: Bruce Blankenfeld; Captain: "Wally" Froiseth; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Bob Bee, Blane Chong, Dennis Chun, Terry Hee, Nalani Kaneakua, Kawika Crivello, Kealoha Hoe, "Kimo" Lyman, Kawai Warren, Kamaki Worthington[64]

2000 Crew to Hawaiʻi
[edit]

Navigator: Nainoa Thompson; Navigator: Shantell Ching; Crew: "Snake" Ah Hee, Chad Baybayan, Pomaikalani "Pomai" Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, Sam Low, Joey Mallot, Kahualaulani Mick, Kaʻiulani Murphy, Kauʻi Pelekane, "Tava" Taupu, Michael Tongg, Dr. Patrice Ming-Lei Tim Sing, Kona Woolsey[65]

2003 - 2004 Navigating Change project

[edit]

In 2003, Hōkūle‘a sailed to Nihoa, the closest of the "Leeward," or Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (maps: small and large scale), to set the stage[66] for the 2004 voyage to the furthest, most westerly of them, Kure Atoll.[67] Hōkūle‘a's 2004 voyage, led by Nainoa Thompson, took the canoe through this area now known as the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument[68] to promote stewardship and awareness of this pristine area. Hōkūle‘a participated in an interagency initiative with this voyage named after it, called "Navigating Change."[69] Upon reaching the remote islands, the crew helped haul away hundreds of pounds of washed-up fishing nets which threatened Hawaiian monk seals and Hawaiian Green sea turtles and also helped with plant conservation. About 1,600 schoolchildren were linked to the vessel by daily satellite phone calls for which teachers prepared with curriculum guides, video and web resources.[70] Kama Hele escorted the voyage.[71]

2003 Legs of Navigating Change

[edit]
2003 Crew to Kauaʻi
[edit]

Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Crew: Carey Amimoto, Anela Benson, Leimomi Dierks, Timmy Gilliom, Kiki Hugho, Nohea Kaiaokamalie, Jerry Muller, Dean Nikaido, Mel Paoa, Ronson Sahut, Jan TenBruggencate, Boyd Yap

2003 Crew to Nihoa
[edit]

Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: Russell Amimoto, Naʻalehu Anthony, Bruce Blankenfeld, Nohea Kaiaokamalie, Cindy Macfarlane, Mel Paoa, Jan TenBruggencate, Kana Uchino, Alex Wegman, Aulani Wilhelm

2004 Legs of Navigating Change

[edit]
2004 Crew to Kauaʻi, outbound leg
[edit]

Navigator: Kaʻiulani Murphy; Captain: Russell Amimoto; Crew: Jan TenBruggencate,

  • Hanalei Bay, Kauaʻi – Nihoa Island – Tern Island, French Frigate Shoals – Laysan Island – Lisianski Island – Pearl and Hermes Atoll – Green Island, Kure Atoll – Midway Atoll: 23 May 2004 to 9 June 2004[74][75]
2004 Crew to Midway
[edit]

Navigator: Kaʻiulani Murphy; Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Sailing Master: Bruce Blankenfeld; Watch Captain: Russell Amimoto; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Ann Bell; Leimomi Kekina Dierks, Randy Kosaki, Keoni Kuoha, Cherie Shehata, MD, "Tava" Taupu, Jan TenBruggencate, Kanako Uchino, Kaleo Wong[76]

2004 Crew to Kauaʻi, return leg
[edit]

Navigator: Bruce Blankenfeld; Captain: Mel Paoa; Terry Hee, Kealoha Hoe, Nohea Kaiaokamalie, Keoni Kuoha, Kaʻiulani Murphy, "Tava" Taupu, Mike Taylor, Gary Yuen[77]

2004 Crew to Honolulu
[edit]

Captain: Russell Amimoto; Gerald Aikau[71][78]

2007 One Ocean, One People

[edit]

The "One Ocean, One People" theme united two voyages in celebration of Pacific voyaging, Pacific Islands, and cultural ties,[79] in passages to Micronesia and Japan. These voyages were named "Kū Holo Mau" and "Kū Holo Lā Komohana".[80][81] Kama Hele escorted the voyage.[82]

Kū Holo Mau

[edit]

Accompanied by the canoe Alingano Maisu and specialized escort boat Kama Hele, (photo below, in gallery)[83] Hōkūle‘a sailed from Hawaiʻi to the Federated States of Micronesia, 23 January to 7 April 2007.[81] This voyage is known as "Kū Holo Mau," or "Sail On, Sail Always, Sail Forever." While on the island of Satawal, the crew of the Hōkūle‘a presented the Alingano Maisu to Mau Piailug as a gift for his role in helping to revive traditional wayfinding navigation in Hawaiʻi.[84] While at Satawal, some Hōkūle‘a navigators who had proven their mastery of non-instrument sailing and navigation over many ocean passages were inducted into Pwo, pronounced "poh." This was the first Pwo ceremony on Satawal in five decades,[85] and the first time Polynesians were inducted.[86]

Legs of Kū Holo Mau
[edit]
2007 Crew to Majuro
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Ben Tamura; Crew: Russell Amimoto, Bob Bee, Terry Hee, Nohea Kaiʻokamalie, Kaleo Wong, Palani Wright[89]

2007 Crew to Pohnpei
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Gerald Akaka; Crew: Russell Amimoto, Terry Hee, Nohea Kaiʻokamalie, Gary Kubota, Kaleo Wong, Palani Wright[90]

2007 Crew to Chuuk
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Pomai Bertelmann, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi[91]

2007 Crew to Satawal
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Chad Baybayan, "Shorty" Bertelmann, Pomai Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, "Snake" Ah Hee, John Kruse, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi[92]

2007 Crew to Woleai
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Chad Baybayan, "Shorty" Bertelmann, Pomai Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, "Snake" Ah Hee, John Kruse, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi[93]

2007 Crew to Ulithi
[edit]

Navigator: Kaʻiulani Murphy; Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Chad Baybayan, Pomai Bertelmann, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi[94][95]

2007 Crew to Yap
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Marjorie Mau; Crew: Naʻalehu Anthony, Chad Baybayan, Pomai Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, Dr. Thane Hancock, "Snake" Ah Hee, John Kruse, Gary Kubota, Keoni Kuoha, Nick Marr, "Billy" Richards, Ana Yarawamai, Max Yarawamai, Pauline Yourupi[96]

2007 Crew to Palau
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy; Medical Officer: Dr. Vernon Andsell; Crew: Aaron Akina, Naʻalehu Anthony, Pomai Bertelmann, Dennis Eric Co, Emily Fielding, Keoni Kuoha, Waimea McKeague, Tommy Remengesau (President of Palau), Pauline Sato, Patti Ann Solomon[97][98]

2007 Crew, Return to Yap
[edit]

Navigator: Kaʻiulani Murphy; Captain: Naʻalehu Anthony; Watch Captains: Tim Gilliom, Attwood Makanani, Nainoa Thompson; Medical Officer: Dr. Vernon Andsell; Crew: Aaron Akina, Pomai Bertelmann, Dennis Eric Co, Emily Fielding, Keoni Kuoha, Waimea McKeague, Pauline Sato, Patti Ann Solomon[97]

Kū Holo Lā Komohana

[edit]

From Yap, the Hōkūle‘a sailed to Yokohama, Japan, 11 April 2007 to 8 June 2007. Upon sighting Kyūshū, navigation of coastal and inland seas utilized landmarks and aids to navigation. From departure to landfall at Okinawa, Japan, Hōkūle‘a was guided by Nainoa Thompson. Chad Baybayan then guided the vessel to further stops at Amami, Uto, Nomozaki, Nagasaki, Fukuoka, Shinmoji marina in Moji-ku, Iwaishima, and Suō-Ōshima (Ōshima). Nainoa Thompson resumed as captain for stops at Miyajima and Hiroshima (image). Bruce Blankenfeld then took over for stops at Uwajima, Muroto, Miura, and Kamakura before concluding the voyage in Yokohama.[99] This voyage is known as "Kū Holo Lā Komohana," or Sail On to the Western Sun. While Hōkūle‘a was shipped back to Honolulu, escort vessel Kama Hele sailed back to Oʻahu under German Captain Mike Weindl with six Japanese crewmembers.[100][101]

Legs of Kū Holo Lā Komohana
[edit]
2007 Crew to Okinawa
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Crew: Takuji Arai (Japan), Pomai Bertelmann, Timi Gilliom, Kaina Holomalia, Attwood Makanani, Kaʻiulani Murphy, Maile Neff, Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon, Dr. Pete Roney, Kanaka Uchino (Japan)

2007 Crew to Ōshima
[edit]

Captain: Chad Baybayan; Crew: Imaikalani P. Aiu, Takuji Araki, Kalepa "Kala" Baybayan, Stephanie M. Beeby, Anela K. Benson, Dennis J. Chun, Monte Costa, Derek Ferrar, Timmy Gilliom, Heidi K. Guth, Kaimi C. Hermosura, Kiyoko Ikeda, William Keala Kai, Attwood Makanani, Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon, Makaʻala Rawlins, Dr. Cherie L. Shehata, Van K. Warren

2007 Crew to Uwajima
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Nainoa Thompson; Watch Captain: Kaʻiulani Murphy; Crew: Imaikalani P. Aiu, Takuji Araki, Nanea Baird, Stephanie M. Beeby, Anela K. Benson, Pomai Bertelmann, Dennis J. Chun, Monte Costa, Heidi K. Guth, Kaimi C. Hermosura, Kiyoko Ikeda, William Keala Kai, Attwood Makanani, Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon, Dr. Cherie L. Shehata, Sky Takemoto, Kanako Uchino, Van K. Warren

2007 Crew to Yokohama
[edit]

Navigator and Captain: Bruce Blankenfeld; Senior Officers: Norman Piʻianaiʻa, "Tava" Taupu; Watch Captain: Naʻalehu Anthony; Crew: Takuji Araki, Chris Baird, Dennis Kawaharada, Attwood Makanani, Dr. Cherie L. Shehata, Patti-Ann Solomon; Watch Captain: Kaʻiulani Murphy; Crew: Pomai Bertelmann, Dean Nikaido, Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon, Leighton Tseu (representing the Royal Order of Kamehameha), Kanako Uchino, Kiyotsugu Yoshida (Sunset Films)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Fuller, Catherine (1999-08-23). "Journal, Leg 2: Nukuhiva to Mangareva". The Voyage to Rapa Nui 1999-2000. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
  2. ^ Kapu Nā Keiki web page translates the motto into en-US as "Hold Sacred the Children," which refers to the childrens' outreach program by this name.
  3. ^ Polynesian Voyaging Society website
  4. ^ a b Hawai‘i to Tahiti and Return: 1976, Polynesian Voyaging Society website, provides the crew information for both legs of the 1976 voyage and mentions Mau not sailing on the inaugural voyage's return from Tahiti.
  5. ^ Adamski, Mary. Sea Captain Promoted Merchant Fleet Careers Star Bulletin, Honolulu, 31 January 2006, retrieved 23 July 2008. Notes Dave Lyman's untimely death in 2006 unrelated to sailing on Hōkūle‘a
  6. ^ Unattributed (7 July 2006). "Hōkūle'a 30th Anniversary: The First Voyage". Honolulu Star-Bulletin (in en-US). Gannett Company. Retrieved 2008-08-05. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) This source cites inaugural voyage's ending when Hōkūle‘a returned to Hawaiʻi on 26 July 1976; for return voyage's date of commencement, note the citation immediately following.
  7. ^ Unattributed. "Hōkūle'a 1976" (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Map of voyage mentions Hōkūle‘a 1976 return leg length of 22 days.
  8. ^ a b c Kawaharada, Dennis (1993). "5. In the Northeast Tradewinds". KCCN Hawaiian Radio Cultural Vignette Series: No Nā Mamo. Polynesian Voyaging Society and KCCN Hawaiian Radio. Retrieved 2008-08-28. Kawaharada adds that the vessel can sail at just over 10 knots (10 mph; 20 km/h) knots in stronger winds and following seas.
  9. ^ a b Piʻianaiʻa, Gordon. "Kealaikahiki: The Tradition" (PDF). Polynesian Seafaring Heritage. The Kamehameha Schools and the Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  10. ^ a b Kawaharada, Dennis. "1992 Voyage: Sail to Rarotonga". No Nā Mamo: For the Children (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) The writer mentions Piʻianaiʻa's 1977 voyage in his article on the 1992 voyage.
  11. ^ Bakutis, Bunky (8 April 1977). "Hōkūle'a Test Voyage Backs Channel Theory". The Honolulu Advertiser. Persis Corporation. pp. A-6. Retrieved 2008-08-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) The article appears alongside others on the same topic on a scanned page which aggregates them.
  12. ^ Unattributed. "1977 - Kealaikahiki". Polynesian Voyaging Society Archives - Secondary Source Information - Crew List. Kamehameha Schools Archives. Retrieved 2008-08-20. This document includes Bret Berber and Boogie Kalama as crew on the Kealaikahiki Project, whereas (Kyselka, Kealaikahiki: A New Look at Old Routes, op.cit.) does not.
  13. ^ Polhemus, David (3 March 1978). "Hōkūle'a capsizes; 2 copters shuttle crew here; 1 missing". Honolulu Advertiser. Gannett Corporation. Retrieved 2008-08-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Retrieved from Kamehameha Schools archives of Polynesian Voyaging Society activities.
  14. ^ a b Franseen, R.A. "61' S/Catamaran "Hokule'a", O.N. 571798; Investigation into the Swamping [rest deleted]" (PDF). Report of Investigation, Commander, 14th Coast Guard District. United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 2008-08-16. Retrieved from Unattributed. "1978 - Voyage to Tahiti - Analysis: Coast Guard Fact Finding". Kamehameha Schools Archives: Polynesian Voyaging Society Archives, Set 2: 1978 - 1984. Kamehameha Schools. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  15. ^ a b Kyselka, Will (October 1987). An Ocean in Mind. Kolowalu Books (in en-US) (1st ed.). University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0824811127.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  16. ^ Finney, Ben. Sailing in the Wake of Ancestors: Reviving Polynesian Voyaging. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. p. 168. ISBN 1-58178-025-7.
  17. ^ Now Marion Lyman-Mersereau
  18. ^ Unattributed. "Voyage to Tahiti Cancelled After Canoe Swamping - 1978". Voyages: From 1976. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  19. ^ Nainoa explains (in Kawaharada, "Wayfinding, or Non-Instrument Navigation," in Education and Archive Site: Wayfinding Section, op. cit.) Mau had not previously shared this detail in his instruction. The delicacy of Mau's signal reading demonstrates the navigator's intimate connection to his environment.
  20. ^ Kawaharada, Dennis. "Wayfinding, or Non-Instrument Navigation". Education and Archive Site: Wayfinding Section. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-29. Dennis Kawaharada quotes Nainoa Thompson sharing knowledge of how to read birds for navigation, learned from Mau.
  21. ^ Unattributed (1979). "Syllabus materials" (PDF). Hokule‘a Training Program. The Kamehameha Schools Archives and the Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  22. ^ Unattributed (1980-02-09). "Communications and Electronic Safety Measures Taken for your Voyage to Tahiti and Back". Polynesian Voyaging Society Archives. The Kamehameha Schools Archives and the Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-20. Documents use of escort boat and some of the safety measures implemented for the 1980 voyage.
  23. ^ a b Hollis, Robert (1980-04-17). "Tahitians welcome Hokule'a". The Honolulu Advertiser. Persis Corporation. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  24. ^ TenBruggencate, Jan (2002-10-31). "Kauaʻi's Dr. Patrick Aiu was Hokuleʻa voyager". The Honolulu Advertiser. Gannett Company. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  25. ^ Finney, Ben. "Voyaging into Polynesia's Past; Hawaiʻi to Tahiti and Return: 1980". 1980 Voyage Homepage. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
  26. ^ Ben Finney, et al., "Voyage of Rediscovery", op. cit. p. 96.
  27. ^ Finney, Ben (1992). Voyaging into Polynesia's Past. From Sea to Space (The Macmillan Brown Memorial Lectures 1989) (in en-US). Palmerston North, New Zealand: Massey University. pp. 5–65. ISBN 0908665598.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Dr. Finney gives a short account of the Voyage of Rediscovery.
  28. ^ Finney, et. al., Voyage of Rediscovery, op. cit., p. 120.
  29. ^ Finney; et al. Voyage of Rediscovery. pp. op. cit., pp. 327-329. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Explicit use of et al. in: |last= (help) This is the authoritative printed crew list for these legs of the voyage.
  30. ^ Unattributed. "Voyage of Rediscovery: 1985-87". Voyage of Rediscovery (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) This page lists crew for all legs of the Voyage of Rediscovery and directs readers to further resources. Raukete Tuiravakai and Reo Tuiravakai, both of Aitutaki, are omitted from this web list but shown in Finney, et al, Voyage of Rediscovery. op. cit, p. 328.
  31. ^ Thompson, Nainoa. "(Account of the Voyage to Waitangi)". The Voyage of Rediscovery. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-26. Nainoa's moving account of this voyage which reconnected Māori and Hawaiian with their ancestral history.
  32. ^ Griffiths, Rhonda. "1992 Festival of Pacific Arts, Cook Islands". Festivals of Pacific Arts. Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
  33. ^ Overview of the Festival of Pacific Arts which brings together cultures from across the Pacific every four years.
  34. ^ No Nā Mamo on Polynesian Voyaging Society web site, retrieved on 9 August 2008.
  35. ^ Wong, Wallace. "Journal of Wallace Wong: Rarotonga to Hawaiʻi, November 16-30, 1992". No Nā Mamo: For the Children. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  36. ^ Kubota, Gary T. (7 July 2006). "Hokule'a 30th Anniversary" (PDF). Honolulu Star-Bulletin; Hokule'a 30th Anniversary Special Section. Oahu Publications, Inc. Retrieved 2008-08-28. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) On p.2, the section on the 1992 voyage notes the Honaunau departure.
  37. ^ Chun, Dennis. "1992 Voyage: Hawai'i to Tahiti" (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Provides narrative about first leg of No Na Mamo and biographical information on key crew members.
  38. ^ Kawaharada, Dennis. "1992 Voyage: Sail to Ra'iatea". No Na Mamo Voyage to Ra'iatea and Rarotonga (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) A narrative of the voyage by Communications crew Kawaharada.
  39. ^ Kawaharada, Dennis. "1992: The Voyage Home". No Na Mamo Voyage to Ra‘iatea and Rarotonga (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  40. ^ Finney, Ben. "Sin at Awarua". 1995 Voyage to Nukuhiva in the Marquesas Islands (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  41. ^ Unattributed. "Map of 1995 Na ʻOhana Holo Moana Voyage" (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  42. ^ Finney, Ben (2003). Sailing in the Wake of Ancestors. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. ISBN 1-58178-024-7. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  43. ^ Louvat, Marc. "Meeting at Taputapuatea, 1995". A Fano Ra - Navigation Ancestrale (in fra and portions in en-US). Institut de la Communication Audiovisuelle - Polynésie française. Retrieved 2008-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) This is 20MB Flash video of the 1995 ceremony at Taputapuatea marae.
  44. ^ Unattributed. "Departure from Hawaiʻi (Feb 3-11)". Spring 1995: Nā ʻOhana Holo Moana (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-07. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  45. ^ Unattributed. "Landfall Tahiti (Feb. 27- Mar. 5)". Spring 1995: Na ʻOhana Holo Moana (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-07. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  46. ^ Unattributed. "Ceremonies at Taputapuatea, Raʻiatea (Mar. 7-29)". Spring 1995: Na ʻOhana Holo Moana (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  47. ^ Unattributed. "To Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands (April 15-18)". Spring 1995: Na ʻOhana Holo Moana (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Documents dates of departure from Tautira and arrival at Taiohae Bay.
  48. ^ Unattributed. "Welcome Back to Hawaiʻi (May 3-14)". Spring 1995: Na ʻOhana Holo Moana (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-07. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  49. ^ a b Unattributed. "Sailing for Hawaiʻi (Apr. 20-May 2)". Spring 1995: Na ʻOhana Holo Moana (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-07. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  50. ^ Unattributed. "Crew List 1995 Nuku Hiva". The Polynesian Voyaging Society Archives. The Kamehameha Schools and the Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-26. This source shows Kainoa Lee as crew on Hōkūle‘a while the PVS website shows him as a watch captain, not on Hōkūle‘a, but rather, on Hawai‘iloa.
  51. ^ Hawai‘iloa was built of traditional materials, with the sponsorship of the Bishop Museum's Native Hawaiian Culture and Arts Program in response to the Hōkūle‘a voyages' revival of interest in Native Hawaiian culture. But no healthy koa trees large enough for her hulls could be found in Hawaiʻi's forests. This dilemma led to action to help Hawaiʻ's environment including planting koa seedlings for future generations, because traditional Hawaiian culture and Hawaiʻi's environment interdepend. (See Sam Low, Sacred Forests on Polynesian Voyaging Society web site, retrieved 07 August 2008 quoting Nainoa Thompson about "Mālama Hawaiʻi") So, to build Hawai‘iloa without having to wait several centuries for the koa to grow, the Polynesian Voyaging Society accepted a gift of two enormous 400-year old Sitka spruce logs from the forests of the Tsimshian, Haida, and Tlingit Native Alaskans. Hawai‘iloa's voyage through Southeast Alaska was to thank these people for their kindness and to recognize their contribution to Hawaiian native culture (See Northwest-Alaska 1995 Home on Polynesian Voyaging Society web site, retrieved 7 August  2008)
  52. ^ a b c d e f Unattributed. "Voyaging Schedule for the West Coast Trip of the Hokuleʻa Voyaging Canoe". Polynesian Voyaging Society Archives. The Kamehameha Schools and the Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
  53. ^ a b c Unattributed. "The Northwest-Alaska and West Coast Tours". Summer 1995: Northwest-Alaska and West Coast Tours (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-07. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  54. ^ Unattributed (2006-08-02). "Introduction to the Village". Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. United States National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-09-06. About Kanaka Village.
  55. ^ Brookman, David Y. (2007). "Mata Hoe Vaka Kahu Kahu O Hera Rapa Nui". Easter Island Home Page (http://www.netaxs.com/~trance/rapanui.html). David Y. Brookman. Retrieved 2008-09-08. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
  56. ^ Unattributed. "A Voyage to Rapa Nui (map)". The Voyage to Rapa Nui 1999-2000. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-24. A map of the voyage showing projected and actual gps positions.
  57. ^ Unattributed. "Isles of Hiva (The Marquesas)". The Voyage to Nuku Hiva: Leg 2: Nukuhiva to Mangareva. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
  58. ^ Unattributed. "Voyage to the Marquesas: June 15 – July 14". Closing the Triangle: A Quest for Rapa Nui. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
  59. ^ Unattributed (1999-07-23). "Closing the Triangle: A Quest for Rapa Nui". Voyages: From 1976. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
  60. ^ a b c Unattributed. "Leg 1: Hawaiʻi to Nukuhiva". The Voyage to Rapa Nui 1999-2000. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
  61. ^ a b c d e Unattributed. "The Voyage to Rapa Nui 1999-2000". Voyages: From 1976. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-25. This page gives arrival and departure dates for all the passages of this voyage.
  62. ^ a b Unattributed. "Leg 2: Nukuhiva to Mangareva". The Voyage to Rapa Nui 1999-2000. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
  63. ^ Unattributed. "Leg 3: Mangareva to Rapa Nui". The Voyage to Rapa Nui 1999-2000. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
  64. ^ Unattributed. "Leg 4: Rapa Nui to Tahiti". The Voyage to Rapa Nui 1999-2000. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
  65. ^ Unattributed. "Leg 5: Tahiti to Hawaiʻi". The Voyage to Rapa Nui 1999-2000. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
  66. ^ Unattributed. "Navigating Change: The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands 2003-2004". Voyages: From 1976. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
  67. ^ Establishment of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument The White House, Washington, D.C. On 15 June 2006, conservation of the area was furthered by the President's naming it as a U.S. National Monument
  68. ^ "Secretary Kempthorne Joins Mrs. Laura Bush in Announcing Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument" (Press release). U.S. Department of the Interior. 2007-03-02. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
  69. ^ Unattributed (2006-06-15). "Navigating Change". Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
  70. ^ Saul, Susan. "Hokule'a Voyages Through Hawaiian Islands NWR" (in en-US). U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 2008-08-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Navigating Change was more than the trip of a voyaging canoe; it was an initiative supported by US Fish & Wildlife Service, Polynesian Voyaging Society, Bishop Museum, NOAA, Hawai'i Department of Education, Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawaiʻi Maritime Center, University of Hawaiʻi, The Nature Conservancy, Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, Coastal Zone Management Hawaiʻi, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Harold K.L. Castle Foundation and the Pacfic American Foundation. Susan Saul includes some of these partners; others are found in: O'Conner, Maura (June 2008). "A Teacher's Guide to Navigating Change" (PDF). HawaiianAtolls.org. Bishop Museum, Co-Trustees of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-09-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) and in the Polynesian Voyaging Society's "Navigating Change: The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands 2003-2004", op.cit.
  71. ^ a b c d TenBruggencate, Jan (2004-06-23). "Hokule'a prepares for passage into future". Honolulu Advertiser. Gannett Corporation. Retrieved 2008-09-02. Cites date of return to Kauaʻi; note that the contemplated September 2004 trip to Palmyra Atoll, Christmas Island, and return to Hawaiʻi under navigator Kaʻiulani Murphy and captain Russell Amimoto did not take place.
  72. ^ "Crew List 2003-2004 Northwestern Islands Navigating Change". The Polynesian Voyaging Society Crew List. The Kamehameha Schools and the Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
  73. ^ TenBruggencate, Jan (2004-05-03). "Recovering the seafaring tradition of Hawaiʻi". Honolulu Advertiser. Gannett Corporation. Retrieved 2008-09-02. Navigation to Nihoa and Mokumanamana (Necker Island) was done using traditional methods. Reefs circling islands further northwest are too low to spot from a safe distance, so positions for the remaining part of the journey are cross-checked against gps for safety.
  74. ^ TenBruggencate, Jan (2004-05-24). "After delays, Hokule'a voyage finally begins". Honolulu Advertiser. Gannett Corporation. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  75. ^ TenBruggencate, Jan (2004-06-07). "Northwest islands dotted with wrecks of old vessels". Honolulu Advertiser. Gannett Corporation. Retrieved 2008-09-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  76. ^ TenBruggencate, Jan (2004). "Navigating Change: Hokule'a's new mission, Mission and Crew". The Honolulu Advertiser Special Report: The Other Hawai‘i, A Journey to the Northwest Hawaiian Islands with Hokuleʻa. Gannett Co. Retrieved 2008-09-26. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  77. ^ TenBruggencate, Jan (2004-06-12). "Hokule'a begins trip home". Honolulu Advertiser. Gannett Corporation. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  78. ^ TenBruggencate, Jan (2004). "Main page". The Honolulu Advertiser Special Report: The Other Hawai‘i, A Journey to the Northwest Hawaiian Islands with Hokuleʻa. Gannett Co. Retrieved 2008-09-26. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  79. ^ Coleman, Stuart H. (December 2006). "Stars in His Head: The Last of the Wayfinders". Spirit of Aloha.com. Honolulu Publishing Company. Retrieved 2008-08-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) An overview of the Hokule‘a story.
  80. ^ Unattributed. "One Ocean, One People" (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  81. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k 2007 Sailing Plan and Log, Polynesian Voyaging Society web site, gives details of stops, dates.
  82. ^ Unattributed (2007). "One Ocean, One People: Voyage to Micronesia and Japan". 2007 Voyage Weblog. Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  83. ^ Kama Hele - The Ultimate Escort Vessel
  84. ^ Unattributed. "2007 Voyage to Micronesia for Mau Piailug". Ku Holo Mau: Sail On, Sail Always, Sail Forever (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  85. ^ Kubota, Gary (18 March 2007). "Navigators' Journey of Spirit, Skill Ends: Five Polynesians are Recognized as Select Master Wayfinders". Honolulu Star-Bulletin (in en-US). Oahu Publications, Inc. Retrieved 2008-08-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Describes the 2007 induction of Nainoa Thompson, Milton "Shorty" Bertelmann, Bruce Blankenfeld, Chadd Kaʻonohi Paishon, and Chad Kalepa Baybayan into Pwo, 32 years after Hōkūle‘a's launching, in recognition of their mastery of Micronesian non-instrument navigation as taught by Mau Piailug. This reference adds that the Pwo ceremony had not been conducted in fifty years, whereas Pwo suggests this was the first Pwo in fifty-six years
  86. ^ "3/26 Kathy's Report, Recap of Chuuk to Yap". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. 26 March 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  87. ^ "What a Beautiful Departure it Was". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)Narrative about the departure from Kawaihae also mentions sailing plan and gift of Alingano Maisu to Mau Piailug.
  88. ^ Unattributed. "Map of Kū Holo Mau Voyage". 2007 One Ocean, One People (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  89. ^ Unattributed. "Leg 1: Hawaiʻi to Majuro: Crew Lists". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  90. ^ Kaʻiulani, Murphy. "Kaʻiulani's Hokule'a Reports: 2/18, 2/19, 2/20, and 2/21-on our way to Pohnpei". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  91. ^ Unattributed (6 March 2007). "3/8 Crew Lists Pohnpei to Chuuk". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  92. ^ Murphy, Kaʻiulani (12 March 2007). "3/12 Underway to Satawal". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  93. ^ Kubota, Gary T. (20 March 2007). "Voyagers to Pay Homage to Chiefs: The Crews are Sailing to Woleai Atoll, then to Ulithi and Yap". Honolulu Star-Bulletin Mobile Edition (in en-US). Oahu Publications, Inc. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  94. ^ "3/26 Kathy's Report, recapping Chuuk to Yap". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. 26 March 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  95. ^ Bertelmann, Pomaikalani (2 April 2007). "4/2 "Venus to the Moon, a run for CAPT."". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Mentions some crew leaving the vessel at Woleai.
  96. ^ Murphy, Kaʻiulani (25 March 2007). "3/24 & 25: Kaʻiulani Reports, from Ulithi and Yap". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Includes addition of Dr. Hancock to crew.
  97. ^ a b Polynesian Voyaging Society (28 March 2007). "3/28 Crew Lists: Yap-Palau-Yap". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  98. ^ "3/29 Kathy reports from Yap: Hōkūle'a and Maisu depart for Palau". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. 29 March 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Mentions president of Palau, Tommy Remengesau, sailing from Yap to Palau on Hōkūle‘a.
  99. ^ Shintani, M. Google Tracking Map of Kū Holo Lā Komohana voyage.
  100. ^ Unattributed (17 July 2007). "Kama Hele arrives home". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  101. ^ Interview with Nainoa Thompson, (in en-US or jpn), YouTube video on Polynesian Voyaging Society site, about the One Ocean, One People voyage, retrieved 9 August 2008.
  102. ^ Polynesian Voyaging Society. "4/12: Hōkūle'a Departs from Yap for Okinawa, Japan". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  103. ^ Baybayan, Chad (14 May 2007). "5/14 HST: Crew Lists to Ōshima". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  104. ^ Ontiveros, Ramona (27 May 2007). "5/27: On Her Way to Ehime". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  105. ^ Unattributed (1 June 2007). "Uwajima to Yokohama Crew List". 2007 Voyage Weblog (in en-US). Polynesian Voyaging Society. Retrieved 2008-08-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
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