User:Nejssor/International Phonetic Alphabet chart

Further information: International Phonetic Alphabet § Letters

The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.

Official chart

The official IPA chart, revised to 2018.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i y	ɨ ʉ	ɯ u
Near-close	ɪ ʏ		ʊ
Close-mid	e ø	ɘ ɵ	ɤ o
Mid	e̞ ø̞	ə	ɤ̞ o̞
Open-mid	ɛ œ	ɜ ɞ	ʌ ɔ
Near-open	æ	ɐ
Open	a ɶ	ä	ɑ ɒ

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Legend: unrounded • rounded

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

Place →	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal					Laryngeal
Manner ↓	Bi­labial		Labio­dental		Linguo­labial		Dental		Alveolar		Post­alveolar		Retro­flex		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥	m	ɱ̊	ɱ		n̼			n̥	n			ɳ̊	ɳ	ɲ̊	ɲ	ŋ̊	ŋ	ɴ̥	ɴ
Plosive	p	b	p̪	b̪	t̼	d̼	t̪	d̪	t	d			ʈ	ɖ	c	ɟ	k	ɡ	q	ɢ	ʡ		ʔ
Sibilant affricate							t̪s̪	d̪z̪	ts	dz	t̠ʃ	d̠ʒ	tʂ	dʐ	tɕ	dʑ
Non-sibilant affricate	pɸ	bβ	p̪f	b̪v			t̪θ	d̪ð	tɹ̝̊	dɹ̝	t̠ɹ̠̊˔	d̠ɹ̠˔			cç	ɟʝ	kx	ɡɣ	qχ	ɢʁ	ʡʜ	ʡʢ	ʔh
Sibilant fricative									s	z	ʃ	ʒ	ʂ	ʐ	ɕ	ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative	ɸ	β	f	v	θ̼	ð̼	θ	ð	θ̠	ð̠	ɹ̠̊˔	ɹ̠˔	ɻ̊˔	ɻ˔	ç	ʝ	x	ɣ	χ	ʁ	ħ	ʕ	h	ɦ
Approximant		β̞		ʋ				ð̞		ɹ		ɹ̠		ɻ		j		ɰ		ʁ̞				ʔ̞
Tap/flap		ⱱ̟		ⱱ		ɾ̼			ɾ̥	ɾ			ɽ̊	ɽ						ɢ̆		ʡ̆
Trill	ʙ̥	ʙ							r̥	r		r̠	ɽ̊r̥	ɽr					ʀ̥	ʀ	ʜ	ʢ
Lateral affricate									tɬ	dɮ			tꞎ	d𝼅	c𝼆	ɟʎ̝	k𝼄	ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricative									ɬ	ɮ			ꞎ	𝼅	𝼆	ʎ̝	𝼄	ʟ̝
Lateral approximant								l̪		l		l̠		ɭ		ʎ		ʟ		ʟ̠
Lateral tap/flap									ɺ̥	ɺ			𝼈̥	𝼈		ʎ̆		ʟ̆

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Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Non-pulmonic consonants

Ejective	Stop	pʼ	tʼ	ʈʼ	cʼ	kʼ
		qʼ	ʡʼ
	Fricative	fʼ	θʼ	sʼ	ʃʼ	ʂʼ
		ɕʼ	xʼ	χʼ
	Affricate	tsʼ	t̠ʃʼ	ʈʂʼ	kxʼ	qχʼ
	Lateral	ɬʼ	tɬʼ	cʎ̝̊ʼ	kʟ̝̊ʼ
Click		kʘ	kǀ	kǃ	kǂ	kǁ
Implosive	Voiced	ɓ	ɗ	ᶑ	ʄ	ɠ
		ʛ
	Voiceless	ɓ̥	ɗ̥	ᶑ̥	ʄ̥	ɠ̊
		ʛ̥

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Co-articulated consonants

Plosive	k͡p	ɡ͡b	q͡p
Nasal	ŋ͡m
Fricative/ approximant	ʍ	w	ɥ
	ɧ	ɫ
Implosive	ɠ̊͜ɓ̥	ɠ͡ɓ

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Auxiliary symbols

Diacritics

◌̥ ◌̊	Voiceless	◌̤	Breathy voiced	◌̪ ◌͆	Dental
◌̬	Voiced	◌̰	Creaky voiced	◌̺	Apical
◌ʰ	Aspirated	◌̼	Linguolabial	◌̻	Laminal
◌̹ ◌͗ ◌˒	More rounded	◌ʷ	Labialized	◌̃	Nasalized
◌̜ ◌͑ ◌˓	Less rounded	◌ʲ	Palatalized	◌ⁿ	Nasal release
◌̟ ◌˖	Advanced	◌ˠ	Velarized	◌ˡ	Lateral release
◌̠ ◌˗	Retracted	◌ˤ	Pharyngealized	◌̚	No audible release
◌̈	Centralized	◌̴	Velarized or pharyngealized	◌ᵊ	Mid central vowel release
◌̽	Mid-centralized	◌̝ ◌˔	Raised	◌ᶿ	Voiceless dental fricative release
◌̩ ◌̍	Syllabic	◌̞ ◌˕	Lowered	◌ˣ	Voiceless velar fricative release
◌̯ ◌̑	Non-syllabic	◌̘	Advanced tongue root	◌ʼ	Ejective
◌˞	Rhoticity	◌̙	Retracted tongue root	◌͡◌ ◌͜◌	Affricate or double articulation

Suprasegmentals

ˈ	Primary stress
ˌ	Secondary stress
ː	Long
ˑ	Half-long
◌̆	Extra-short
|	Minor (foot) group
‖	Major (intonation) group
.	Syllable break
‿	Linking (absence of a break)

Level tones

◌̋	˥	Extra-high (top)
◌́	˦	High
◌̄	˧	Mid
◌̀	˨	Low
◌̏	˩	Extra-low (bottom)
ꜜ◌		Downstep
ꜛ◌		Upstep

Tone contours

◌̌	˩˥	Rising
◌̂	˥˩	Falling
◌᷄	˧˥	High rising
◌᷅	˩˧	Low rising
◌᷇	˥˧	High falling
◌᷆	˧˩	Low falling
◌᷈	˧˦˨	Rising–falling
◌᷉	˧˨˦	Falling–rising
↗︎		Global rise
↘︎		Global fall

Transcription

[ ]	Phonetic transcription
/ /	Phonemic transcription
( )	Indistinguishable utterance
⸨ ⸩	Sound obscured
{ }	Prosodic notation

See also

• IPA vowel chart with audio
• IPA pulmonic consonant chart with audio
• International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects
• Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet
• Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet

External links

• The International Phonetic Alphabet and the IPA Chart
• Interactive IPA chart