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Pterula penicillata taxonomy

[edit]

The taxonomic history of this species is a little complicated and unclear.

It was first described in 1790 by the French mycologist Pierre Bulliard who classified it as Clavaria penicillata.[1]

In 1826 the French mycologist François Fulgis Chevallier reclassified this as Penicillaria multifida[2] however this is now a nomen superfluum and considered illegitimate.[3] Penicillaria is now used for a genus of moths and is also the name of the order in which Arachnactidae anemones are placed.

In 1829 the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries reclassified Bulliard's Clavaria penicillata as Anthina (Pterula?) penicillata[4] and this was formally reclassified as Pterula penicillata in 1930 by Fries.[5]

However Clavaria penicillata may still be an accepted species name in some sources and Pterula penicillata may not be accepted.[6]


Pterula multifida var. densissima was described in 1958 by the Czech mycologist Albert Pilát.[7]


Saccardo's thing on densissima:


[8]

[9]

Notes to self

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also Lepiota zeylanica[10] synonym for L. zeylanicus?


http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/GSDSpecies.asp?RecordID=333133


Lepiota otsuensis (Hongo) Hongo, Mem. Fac. lib. Arts Educ. Shiga Univ., Nat. Sci. 9: 75 (1959)

Memoirs of the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Education, Shiga University


Leucocoprinus otsuensis Hongo, J. Jap. Bot. 28: 70 (1953)


In 1953 the Japanese mycologist Tsuguo Hongo documented a species from Ōtsu, Japan which he classified as Leucocoprinus otsuensis having previously classified it as Lepiota otsuensis. Hongo noted that the species was very similar to L. brebissonii but that it could be distinguished from it by the squamules (scales) on the cap.[11] However this is now considered a synonym of Leucocoprinus brebissonii.


Find where it got reclassified and how the Lepiota mentioned in the 1953 paper is in a 1959 one, wrong citation or existing species?

우산각시버섯 - Korean name for it meaning Umbrella mushroom. Seems common there.


Leucocoprinus lilacinogranulosus var. subglobisporus D.A. Reid, Mycological Research 93: 420 (1989)[12]

Reclassified?Leucocoprinus ianthinus var. subglobisporus (D.A. Reid) Blanco-Dios: 65 (2007)


greenhouse[13]

Mushrooms containing gastrointestinal irritants are one of the most common sources of mushroom poisonings however of thousands of documented cases only one fatality was reported in the US.[14]


Test space

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  • 1
    1
Macrolepiota procera displaying a thick, double ring.

The texture of the stem ring may be smooth and thick, membranous and flexible or it can present with scales or a woolly surface with a variety of terms such as squamulose furfuraceous tomentose etc


 Sulphur yellow 


Scales:


 Old gold 


 Verona brown 


 Raw umber 


Surface:


 Barium yellow 

 Citron yellow 

 Sulphur yellow 





Species[15]

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As of July 2022, Index Fungorum accepted 84 species of Leucocoprinus[15] and the GBIF recorded the following number of observations for Leucocoprinus species.[16]

The number of observations recorded does not necessarily correlate directly to how common the species is as this figure is also influenced by how commonly known the species is and hence how often it is reported or suggested as an ID on citizen science sites. GBIF includes observations from iNaturalist in its dataset with the only criteria for inclusion being that the observation is tagged as 'research grade' and is confirmed by a second user. This however does not mean the identification is necessarily correct and misidentified species will be contained within this data. For this reason the GBIF observations are also presented here with the iNaturalist dataset removed. The total number of observations for each species also includes those for former classifications which are now considered synonyms of the currently accepted species.

# Species Authority Year Total GBIF Observations Total without iNaturalist
1 Leucocoprinus acer Raithelh. 1988 0 0
2 Leucocoprinus acutoumbonatus T.K.A. Kumar & Manim. 2009 0 0
3 Leucocoprinus armeniacoflavus E. Ludw. 2012 0 0
4 Leucocoprinus aureofloccosus (Henn.) Bon 1981 5 5
5 Leucocoprinus austrofragilis Aberdeen 1992 2 2
6 Leucocoprinus bakeri (Dennis) Singer 1982 7 7
7 Leucocoprinus beelianus Heinem. 1977 1 1
8 Leucocoprinus biornatus (Berk. & Broome) Locq. 1945 2 2
9 Leucocoprinus birnbaumii (Corda) Singer 1962 4539 1,659
10 Leucocoprinus bonianus (Pat.) Zhu L. Yang 2000 0 0
11 Leucocoprinus brebissonii (Godey) Locq. 1943 1707 1,600
12 Leucocoprinus breviramus H.V. Sm. & N.S. Weber 1982 2 2
13 Leucocoprinus brunneoluteus Capelari & Gimenes 2004 26 18
14 Leucocoprinus brunneotegulis Dähncke, Contu & Vizzini 2011 0 0
15 Leucocoprinus brunnescens (Peck) Pegler 1983 24 24
16 Leucocoprinus bulbipes (Mont.) Raithelh. 1987 2 2
17 Leucocoprinus canariensis P. Mohr & Dähncke 2004 1 1
18 Leucocoprinus castroi Blanco-Dios 2003 0 0
19 Leucocoprinus cepistipes (Sowerby) Pat. 1889 1184 675
20 Leucocoprinus chryseus Wichanský 1963 0 0
21 Leucocoprinus citrinellus (Speg.) Raithelh. 1987 5 5
22 Leucocoprinus cretaceus (Bull.) Locq. 1945 440 320
23 Leucocoprinus cristatulus (Rick) Raithelh. 1987 2 2
24 Leucocoprinus cygneus (J.E. Lange) Bon 1978 48 47
25 Leucocoprinus delicatulus T.K.A. Kumar & Manim. 2009 0 0
26 Leucocoprinus discoideus (Beeli) Heinem. 1977 17 17
27 Leucocoprinus elaeidis (Beeli) Heinem. 1977 11 11
28 Leucocoprinus fibrillosus Raithelh. 1988 0 0
29 Leucocoprinus flavescens (Morgan) H.V. Sm. 1981 39 28
30 Leucocoprinus flavus (Beeli) Heinem. 1977 5 5
31 Leucocoprinus flos-sulphuris (Schnizl.) Cejp 1948 6 6
32 Leucocoprinus fragilissimus (Ravenel ex Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Pat. 1900 1203 413
33 Leucocoprinus fuscatus Pegler 1977 0 0
34 Leucocoprinus gandour Har. & Pat. 1909 0 0
35 Leucocoprinus griseofloccosus Lagardère & Eyssart. 2018 3 3
36 Leucocoprinus heinemannii Migl. 1987 38 34
37 Leucocoprinus holospilotus (Berk. & Broome) D.A. Reid 1990 2 2
38 Leucocoprinus ianthinus (Sacc.) P. Mohr 1994 181 158
39 Leucocoprinus imerinensis Bouriquet 1942 0 0
40 Leucocoprinus inflatus Raithelh. 1987 0 0
41 Leucocoprinus lanzonii Bon, Migl. & Brunori 1989 5 5
42 Leucocoprinus longistriatus (Peck) H.V. Sm. & N.S. Weber 1982 19 18
43 Leucocoprinus madecassensis R. Heim 1977 0 0
44 Leucocoprinus magnicystidiosus H.V. Sm. & N.S. Weber 1982 1 1
45 Leucocoprinus magnusianus (Henn.) Singer 1951 14 14
46 Leucocoprinus martinicensis Blanco-Dios 2020 1 1
47 Leucocoprinus maublancii Locq. 1945 0 0
48 Leucocoprinus mauritianus (Henn.) P. Mohr 2004 0 0
49 Leucocoprinus medioflavus (Boud.) Bon 1976 22 21
50 Leucocoprinus melanoloma (Singer) Singer 1938 0 0
51 Leucocoprinus minimus (Berk.) Pegler 1981 1 1
52 Leucocoprinus minutulus Singer 1941 1 1
53 Leucocoprinus munnarensis T.K.A. Kumar & Manim. 2009 0 0
54 Leucocoprinus muticolor Aberdeen 1992 9 9
55 Leucocoprinus nanianae Bouriquet 1946 0 0
56 Leucocoprinus nigricans Jezek 1973 1 1
57 Leucocoprinus noctiphilus (Ellis) Heinem. 1977 6 6
58 Leucocoprinus ovatus Raithelh. 2004 0 0
59 Leucocoprinus pepinosporus Heinem. 1977 1 1
60 Leucocoprinus phaeopus (Rick) Raithelh. 1987 4 4
61 Leucocoprinus proletarius (Rick) Raithelh. 1987 1 1
62 Leucocoprinus pusillus T.K.A. Kumar & Manim. 2009 0 0
63 Leucocoprinus revolutus (Rick) Raithelh. 1987 2 2
64 Leucocoprinus rivulosus Raithelh. 1987 0 0
65 Leucocoprinus rubrosquamosus (Rick) Raithelh. 1991 9 9
66 Leucocoprinus russoceps (Berk. & Broome) Raithelh. 1987 2 2
67 Leucocoprinus squamulosus (Mont.) Pegler 1983 0 0
68 Leucocoprinus straminellus (Bagl.) Narducci & Caroti 1995 412 408
69 Leucocoprinus subglobisporus Hongo 1985 6 6
70 Leucocoprinus submontagnei Heinem. 1977 2 2
71 Leucocoprinus tanetensis Bouriquet 1946 0 0
72 Leucocoprinus tenellus (Boud.) Locq. 1943 11 11
73 Leucocoprinus thoenii Heinem. 1977 2 2
74 Leucocoprinus tricolor H.V. Sm. 1981 15 7
75 Leucocoprinus tropicus Natarajan & Manjula 1982 0 0
76 Leucocoprinus truncatus (A. Pearson) E. Ludw. & P. Mohr 2012 1 1
77 Leucocoprinus velutipes Heinem. 1977 1 1
78 Leucocoprinus venezuelanus Dennis 1961 13 13
79 Leucocoprinus violaceus Heinem. 1977 1 1
80 Leucocoprinus viridiflavoides (B.P. Akers & Angels) E. Ludw. 2012 3 3
81 Leucocoprinus viridiflavus (Petch) E. Ludw. 2012 14 14
82 Leucocoprinus wynneae (Berk. & Broome) Locq. 1943 1 1
83 Leucocoprinus zeyheri (Berk.) Singer 1943 30 30
84 Leucocoprinus zeylanicus (Berk.) Boedijn 1940 8 8
  1. ^ Bulliard, Pierre. Herbier de la France; ou, Collection complette des plantes indigenes de ce royaume; avec leurs proprie´te´s, et leurs usages en medecine. Vol. 433. Paris: Chez l'auteur, Didot, Debure, Belin. p. 448.
  2. ^ Chevallier, François (1826). Flore générale des environs de Paris... (in French) (1 ed.). p. 111.
  3. ^ "Mycobank Database - Penicillaria multifida". www.mycobank.org. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
  4. ^ Fries, Elias (1829). Systema mycologicum : sistens fungorum ordines, genera et species, huc usque cognitas, quas ad normam methodi naturalis determinavit. Vol. 3. Lundae: Ex Officina Berlingiana. p. 286.
  5. ^ Fries, Elia (1830). "Eclogae Fungorum, Praecipus ex Herbariis Germanorum de Scriptorum". Linnaea : Ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange. 5. Berlin: F. Dümmler: 532 – via www.biodiversitylibrary.org.
  6. ^ "Mycobank Database - Clavaria penicillata". www.mycobank.org. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
  7. ^ Pilát, Albert (1958). "Übersicht der europäischen Clavariaceen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der tschechoslowakischen Arten. / Přehled hub kyjankovitých-Clavariaceae se zvláštním zřetelem k československým druhům". Sborník Národního Musea V Praze Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae (in Czech). 14B (3–4): 146. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
  8. ^ Saccardo, P. A.; Traverso, G. B.; Trotter, A. (1888). Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum. Vol. 6. Patavii: sumptibus auctoris.
  9. ^ Saccardo, P. A.; Traverso, G. B.; Trotter, A. (1897). Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum. Vol. 12. Patavii: sumptibus auctoris.
  10. ^ Royal Botanical Gardens, Peradeniya; Ceylon. Dept. of Agriculture (1901–1924). Annals of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya. LuEsther T. Mertz Library New York Botanical Garden. Colombo : Skien ; London : Dulau.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  11. ^ Hongo, Tsugno (March 1953). "Larger fungi of the provinces of Omi and Yamashiro" (PDF). The Journal of Japanese Botany. 28 (3): 70–72 – via www.jjbotany.com/.
  12. ^ Reid, Derek A. (1989-12-01). "Notes on some Leucocoprinoid fungi from Britain". Mycological Research. 93 (4): 413–423. doi:10.1016/S0953-7562(89)80034-6. ISSN 0953-7562.
  13. ^ Smith, Helen V. (1981). "Some Species of Leucocoprinus which Grow in Greenhouses". Michigan botanist. National Agricultural Library U. S. Department of Agriculture. Ann Arbor : Michigan Botanical Club. p. 46-48.
  14. ^ Brandenburg, William E.; Ward, Karlee J. (2018-07). "Mushroom poisoning epidemiology in the United States". Mycologia. 110 (4): 637–641. doi:10.1080/00275514.2018.1479561. ISSN 1557-2536. PMID 30062915. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ a b "Species Fungorum - Leucocoprinus". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
  16. ^ "Leucocoprinus Pat., 1888". Global Biodiversity Information Facility - www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2022-07-28.
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