User:Muskiipatel

INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY 1. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to identify and quantify the molecular composition of a sample. It works by measuring the absorption of infrared radiation by molecules, which provides information about the molecular structure and bonding.

Principles:

IR spectroscopy is based on the principle that molecules vibrate at specific frequencies when exposed to infrared radiation. These vibrations correspond to different modes of molecular motion, such as stretching, bending, and twisting. Each molecule has a unique set of vibrational frequencies, which serve as a fingerprint for identification.

Instrumentation:

A typical IR spectrometer consists of:

1. Source: IR radiation source (e.g., globar or ceramic element) 2. Sample compartment: holds the sample (solid, liquid, or gas) 3. Detector: measures the transmitted or reflected IR radiation (e.g., thermocouple or photodiode) 4. Spectrometer: disperses the IR radiation into its component wavelengths (e.g., grating or Fourier transform)

Applications:

1. Identification of molecules: fingerprinting for qualitative analysis 2. Quantitative analysis: determination of concentration or amount of substance 3. Structural analysis: determination of molecular structure and bonding 4. Forensic analysis: detection of explosives, narcotics, or other substances