Federal legal tender laws in the United States do not require that private businesses, persons, or organizations accept cash for payment, though it must be treated as valid payment for debts when tendered to a creditor.[1]
Adidas is not an acronym for "All day I dream about sports", "All day I dream about soccer", or "All day I dream about sex". The company was named after its founder Adolf "Adi" Dassler in 1949. The earliest publication found of the latter backronym was in 1978, as a joke.[2][3]
The letters "AR" in AR-15 stand for "ArmaLite Rifle", reflecting the company (ArmaLite) that originally manufactured the weapon. They do not stand for "assault rifle".[4][5]
The common image of Santa Claus (Father Christmas) as a jolly large man in red garments was not created by The Coca-Cola Company as an advertising tool. Santa Claus had already taken this form in American popular culture by the late 19th century, long before Coca-Cola used his image in the 1930s.[8]
The Chevrolet Nova sold well in Latin American markets; General Motors did not rename the car. While no va does mean "doesn't go" in Spanish, nova was easily understood to mean "new".[9]
PepsiCo in no real sense ever owned the "6th most powerful navy" in the world after a deal with the Soviet Union. In 1989, Pepsi acquired several decommissioned warships as part of a barter deal.[11][12] The oil tankers were leased out or sold and the other ships sold for scrap.[13] A follow-on deal involved another 10 ships.[14]
Searing does not seal in moisture in meat; it causes it to lose some moisture. Meat is seared to brown it and to affect its color, flavor, and texture.[15]
Braising meat does not add moisture; it causes it to lose some moisture. Moisture appears to be added when the gentle cooking breaks down connective tissue and collagen, which lubricates and tenderizes fibers.[16][17]
Twinkies, an American snack cake generally considered to be "junk food", have a shelf life of around 25 days, despite the common claim (usually facetious) that they remain edible for decades.[21] The official shelf life is 45 days. Twinkies normally remain on a store shelf for 7 to 10 days.[22]
Packaged foods, when properly stored, can safely be eaten past their "expiration" dates. While some US states regulate expiration dates for some products, generally "use-by" and "best-by" dates are manufacturer suggestions for best quality.[23]
Storing bread in the refrigerator makes it go stale faster than leaving it at room temperature.[24][25] It does, however, slow mold growth.[26]
Crystallized honey
Crystallized honey is not spoiled. The crystals are formed by low temperature crystallization, a high glucose level, and the presence of pollen. The crystallization can be reversed by gentle heating.[27][28]
Seeds are not the spiciest part of chili peppers. In fact, seeds contain a low amount of capsaicin, one of several compounds which induce the hot sensation (pungency) in mammals. The highest concentration of capsaicin is located in the placental tissue (the pith) to which the seeds are attached.[29][30]
Turkey meat is not particularly high in tryptophan, and does not cause more drowsiness than other foods. Drowsiness after large meals such as Christmas or Thanksgiving dinner generally comes from overeating.[31]
Darker roasts of coffee do not always contain more caffeine than lighter roasts. When coffee is roasted, it expands and loses water. When the resultant coffee is ground and measured volumetrically, the denser lighter roasts have more coffee per cup, meaning they contain more caffeine.[32][33]
Bourbon whiskey does not have to be distilled in Kentucky.[34] Bourbon is also distilled in states such as New York, California, Wyoming and Washington, as the legal requirement is only that it be made in the US. However, Kentucky does produce the majority of bourbon.[35][36]
Sushi does not mean raw seafood; some sushi, such as kappamaki, contains no seafood. The word refers to the vinegar-prepared rice the dish contains.[39]
Steak tartare was not invented by Mongol warriors who tenderized horse meat under their saddles.[43] It is likely named after the French tartar sauce, evolving from an early 20th century French dish where the sauce was served with steaks.[44]
Marco Polo did not introduce pasta to Italy from China.[45] The misconception originated as promotional material in the Macaroni Journal, a newsletter published by an association of American pasta makers.[46]
Spices were not used in the Middle Ages to mask the flavor of rotten meat before refrigeration. Spices were an expensive luxury item; those who could afford them could afford good meat, and there are no contemporaneous documents calling for spices to disguise the taste of bad meat.[47]
Dom Pérignon did not invent champagne. Wine naturally starts to bubble after being pressed, and bubbles at the time were considered a flaw which Pérignon worked unsuccessfully to eliminate.[51][52]
Potato chips were not invented by a frustrated George Speck in response to a customer, sometimes given as Cornelius Vanderbilt, complaining that his French fries were too thick and not salty enough.[53][54] Recipes for potato chips were published as early as 1817.[55] The misconception was popularized by a 1973 advertising campaign by the St. Regis Paper Company.[56]
Hydrox is not a knock-off of Oreos. Hydrox, invented in 1908, predates Oreos by four years and was initially more popular than Oreos. The name "Hydrox" being said to sound like a laundry detergent contributed to its market decline.[65][66]
The difference between the taste of "banana-flavored" candy and a real banana is not due to the former being specifically designed to replicate the taste of Gros Michel bananas, the cultivar that dominated the American banana market before the rise of Cavendish bananas. All banana cultivars derive their flavor from a complex mix of many compounds, while a single compound, isoamyl acetate, gives banana candy its flavor. Isoamyl acetate naturally occurs in bananas as well as many other fruits and fermented beverages.[67] It is more concentrated in Gros Michel bananas than in Cavendish bananas, but its use in candy production was due to its simple production, not any specific resemblance to a banana's flavor. Candies flavored with it have been labeled both "banana-flavored" and "pear-flavored."[68][69]
Microwave ovens do not cook food from the inside out. 2.45 GHz microwaves can only penetrate approximately 1–1.5 inches (2+1⁄2–3+3⁄4 centimeters) into most foods. The inside portions of thicker foods are mainly heated by heat conducted from the outer layers.[73][74][75]
The radiation produced by a microwave oven is non-ionizing, similar to visible light or radio waves. It therefore does not have the cancer risks associated with ionizing radiation such as X-rays and high-energy particles, nor does it render the food radioactive. All microwave radiation dissipates as heat. Long-term rodent studies to assess cancer risk have so far failed to identify any carcinogenicity from 2.45 GHz microwave radiation even with chronic exposure levels (i.e. large fraction of life span) far larger than humans are likely to encounter from any leaking ovens. The risk of injury from direct exposure to microwaves is not cumulative, but instead the result of a high-intensity exposure resulting in tissue burns, in much the same way that a high-intensity laser can burn.[76][77]
Microwaving food does not significantly reduce its nutritive value more than other ways of heating and may preserve it better than other cooking processes due to shorter cooking times.[78]
Ronald Reagan was never seriously considered for the role of Rick Blaine in the 1942 film Casablanca, eventually played by Humphrey Bogart. An early studio press release mentioned Reagan, but the studio already knew that Reagan was unavailable because of his upcoming military service.[79] Indeed, the producer had always wanted Bogart for the part.[80]
Sign languages are not the same worldwide. Aside from the pidginInternational Sign, each country generally has its own native sign language, and some have more than one.[89]
The Chinese word for "crisis" (危机) is not composed of the symbols for "danger" and "opportunity"; the first does represent danger, but the second instead means "inflection point" (the original meaning of the word "crisis").[90][91] The misconception was popularized mainly by campaign speeches by John F. Kennedy.[90]
The word "gringo" did not originate during the Mexican–American War (1846–1848) as a corruption of "Green, go home!", in reference to the green uniforms of American troops.[92][93] The word originally simply meant "foreigner", and is probably a corruption of the Spanish word griego for "Greek" (along the lines of the idiom "It's Greek to me").[94][95]
"420" did not originate from the Los Angeles police or penal code for marijuana use.[102]California Penal Code section 420 prohibits the obstruction of access to public land.[102][103] The use of "420" started in 1971 at San Rafael High School, where a group of students would go to smoke at 4:20 pm.[102]
"Xmas" and a modern Santa Claus on a Christmas postcard (1910)
Xmas did not originate as a secular plan to "take Christ out of Christmas".[104]X represents the Greek letter chi, the first letter of Χριστός (Christós), "Christ" in Greek,[105] as found in the chi-rho symbol ΧΡ since the 4th century. In English, "X" was first used as a scribal abbreviation for "Christ" in 1021.[106][107]
The word fuck did not originate in the Middle Ages as an acronym.[110] Proposed acronyms include "fornicating under consent of king" or "for unlawful carnal knowledge", used as a sign posted above adulterers in the stocks. Nor did it originate as a corruption of "pluck yew" (an idiom falsely attributed to the English for drawing a longbow).[110][111][112] It is most likely derived from Middle Dutch or other Germanic languages, where it either meant "to thrust" or "to copulate with" (fokken in Middle Dutch), "to copulate", or "to strike, push, copulate" or "penis".[111] Either way, these variations would have been derived from the Indo-European root word -peuk, meaning "to prick".[111]
The expression "rule of thumb" did not originate from an English law allowing a man to beat his wife with a stick no thicker than his thumb, and there is no evidence that such a law ever existed.[113] The expression originates from the late seventeenth century from various trades where quantities were measured by comparison to the width or length of a thumb.[113][114]
The term "blue laws", denoting laws banning certain activities on specific days, did not originate from such laws being originally written on blue paper.[115][116]
The word the was never pronounced or spelled "ye" in Old or Middle English.[117] The confusion, seen in the common stock phrase "ye olde", derives from the use of the character thorn (þ), which in Middle English represented the sound now represented in Modern English by "th".[118] This evolved as early printing presses substituted the word the with "yͤ", a "y" character with a superscript "e".[119]
The anti-Italian slur wop did not originate from an acronym for "without papers"[120] or "without passport";[121][104] it is actually derived from the term guappo (roughly meaning thug), from the Spanish guapo.[122]
Violent crime rates in the United States declined between 1991 and 2022.
Crime rates are declining for most types of crime, beginning in the mid to late 1980s and early 1990s.[123] In Europe, crime statistics show this is part of a broader pattern of crime decline since the late Middle Ages, with a reversal from the 1960s to the 1980s and 1990s, before the decline continued.[124]In the United States, between 1993 and 2022, the rate of violent crime per 100,000 people fell by almost 50%, and the rate of property crime fell by more than half.[125] The number of gun homicides also decreased.[126]
Chewing gum is not punishable by caning in Singapore. Although importing and selling chewing gum has been illegal in Singapore since 1992, and corporal punishment is still an applicable penalty for certain offenses in the country, the two facts are unrelated; chewing gum-related offenses have always been only subject to fines and incarceration, and the possession or consumption of chewing gum itself is not illegal.[127]
No cases have been proven of strangers killing or permanently injuring children by intentionally hiding poisons or sharp objects such as razor blades in candy or apples during Halloween trick-or-treating and the belief has been "thoroughly debunked". However, in at least one case, adult family members have spread this story to cover up filicide.[130]
There has never been a documented case of pet black cats being tortured or ritually sacrificed around Halloween. Where violent deaths of black cats have been documented around Halloween, the death has usually been ascribed to natural predators, such as coyotes, eagles, or raptors.[131]
It is not necessary to wait 24 hours before filing a missing person report. When there is evidence of violence or of an unusual absence, it is important to start an investigation promptly.[132][133] Criminology experts say the first 72 hours in a missing person investigation are the most critical.[134]
Immigrants had lower arrest rates than citizens in Texas, 2012–2018
Undocumented immigrants in the US have substantially lower crime rates than US-born citizens.[135][136] Compared to undocumented immigrants, US-born citizens are more than twice as likely to be arrested for violent crimes, 2.5 times more likely to be arrested for drug crimes, and over 4 times more likely to be arrested for property crimes.[136] Immigrants are 60% less likely to be incarcerated than US-born citizens.[137]
In the United States, a defendant may not have their case dismissed simply because they were not read their Miranda rights at the time of their arrest. Miranda warnings cover the rights of a person when they are taken into custody and then interrogated by law enforcement.[142] If a person is not given a Miranda warning before the interrogation is conducted, statements made by them during the interrogation may not be admissible in a trial. The prosecution may still present other forms of evidence, or statements made during interrogations where the defendant was read their Miranda rights, to get a conviction.[143]
The United States does not require police officers to identify themselves as police in the case of a sting or other undercover work, and police officers may lie when engaged in such work.[144] Claiming entrapment as a defense instead focuses on whether the defendant was improperly induced by undue pressure from government officials to commit crimes they would not have otherwise committed.[145]
It is not illegal in the US to shout "fire" in a crowded theater. Although this is often given as an example of speech that is not protected by the First Amendment, it is not now nor has it ever been binding law. The phrase originates from Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.'s opinion in the United States Supreme Court case Schenck v. United States in 1919, which held that the defendant's speech in opposition to the draft during World War I was not protected free speech. However, that case was not about shouting "fire" and the decision was later overturned by Brandenburg v. Ohio in 1969.[146][147]
The US Armed Forces have generally forbidden military enlistment as a form of deferred adjudication (that is, an option for convicts to avoid jail time) since the 1980s.[148] US Navy protocols discourage the practice, while the other four branches have specific regulations against it.[149]
Last meal requests do not have to be fulfilled.[150] States have various restrictions on what can be requested, up to not permitting them at all.[151]
Although popularly known as the "red telephone", the Moscow–Washington hotline was never a telephone line, nor were red phones used. The first implementation of the hotline used teletype equipment, which was replaced by facsimile (fax) machines in 1988. Since 2008, the hotline has been a secure computer link over which the two countries exchange email.[152] Moreover, the hotline links the Kremlin to the Pentagon, not the White House.[153][154]
Likewise, the nuclear football, the briefcase used by presidents to launch nuclear attacks, does not contain a large red button to launch an attack. Rather, its primary use is to confirm the president's identity, and to facilitate communication with the Pentagon.[155][156][157]
Twinkies were not claimed to be the cause of San Francisco mayor George Moscone's and supervisor Harvey Milk's murders. In the trial of Dan White, the defense successfully argued White's diminished capacity as a result of depression. While eating Twinkies was cited as evidence of this depression, it was never claimed to be the cause of the murders.[158][159]
Neither the Mafia nor other criminal organizations regularly use or have used cement shoes to drown their victims.[160] There are only two documented cases of this method being used in murders: one in 1964 and one in 2016 (although, in the former, the victim had concrete blocks tied to his legs rather than being enclosed in cement).[161] The French Army did use cement shoes on Algerians killed in death flights during the Algerian War.[162]
Embalming is not legally required in the United States.[163][164] The Federal Trade Commission passed a rule in 1984 forbidding making this claim, to prevent the funeral industry from promoting the misconception for financial gain.[165]
Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein is named after the fictional scientist Victor Frankenstein, who created the sapient creature in the novel, not the creature itself, which is never named in the novel and is now usually called Frankenstein's monster.[167] However, as later adaptations started to refer to the monster itself as Frankenstein, this usage became well-established, and some no longer regard it as erroneous.[168][169]
The musical intervaltritone was not banned by the Catholic Church and was not associated with devils during the Middle Ages.[178][179] Early medieval music used the tritone in Gregorian chant for certain modes.[180]Guido of Arezzo (c. 991 – c. 1033) was the first theorist to discourage the interval.[180]
The minuet in G major by Christian Petzold is commonly attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach, although the piece was identified in the 1970s as a movement from a harpsichord suite by Petzold. The misconception stems from Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach, a book of sheet music by various composers (mostly Bach) in which the minuet is found.[183] Compositions that are doubtful as works of Bach are cataloged as "BWV Anh.", short for "Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis Anhang" ("Bach works catalogue annex"); the minuet is assigned to BWV Anh. 114.
Listening to Mozart or classical music does not enhance intelligence (or IQ). A study from 1993 reported a short-term improvement in spatial reasoning.[184][185] However, the weight of subsequent evidence supports either a null effect or short-term effects related to increases in mood and arousal, with mixed results published after the initial report in Nature.[186][187][188][189]
The "Minute Waltz" takes, on average, two minutes to play as originally written.[190] Its name comes from the adjective minute, meaning "small", and not the noun spelled the same.[191]
The Beatles' 1965 appearance at Shea Stadium was not the first time that a rock concert was played at a large, outdoor sports stadium in the U.S. Such venues were employed by Elvis Presley in the 1950s and the Beatles themselves in 1964.[194]
Concept albums did not begin with rock music in the 1960s. The format had already been employed by singers such as Frank Sinatra in the 1940s and 1950s.[198]
Cass Elliot ("Mama Cass" of The Mamas & the Papas) did not die from choking on a ham sandwich.[199][200] This falsehood was initiated by her manager who wanted to avoid the implication that her death was associated with substance abuse.[201]
Phil Collins did not write his 1981 hit "In the Air Tonight" about witnessing someone drowning and then confronting the person in the audience who let it happen. According to Collins himself, it was about his emotions when divorcing from his first wife.[202]
Popular musicians are not more likely to die at the age of 27. The notion of a "27 Club" arose after the deaths, in a ten-month period, of Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison, and later the deaths of Kurt Cobain and Amy Winehouse. Statistical studies have shown that there is no scientific basis for this idea.[203][204][205]
Statue of Budai, often incorrectly referred to as the "Buddha"
The chubby, bald monk with lengthened ears who is often depicted laughing, known as the "fat Buddha" or "laughing Buddha" in the West, is not the actual Buddha, but a 10th-century Chinese Buddhist folk hero by the name of Budai.[206] The historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, who lived in the 5th century BC, is most often depicted in normal weight and concentrated in meditation.
Jesus was most likely not born on December 25, when his birth is traditionally celebrated as Christmas. It is more likely that his birth was in either the season of spring or perhaps summer. Although the Common Era ostensibly counts the years since the birth of Jesus,[207] it is unlikely that he was born in either AD 1 or 1 BC, as such a numbering system would imply. Modern historians estimate a date closer to between 6 BC and 4 BC.[208]
The Bible does not say that exactly three magi came to visit the baby Jesus, nor that they were kings, or rode on camels, or that their names were Caspar, Melchior, and Balthazar, nor what color their skin was.[209][210][211][citation needed] Three magi are inferred because three gifts are described, but the Bible says only that there was more than one magus.[212][213][214]
The idea that Mary Magdalene was a prostitute before she met Jesus is not found in the Bible or in any of the other earliest Christian writings. It has been a disputed doctrine in several theological traditions whether Mary Magdalene, Mary of Bethany (who anoints Jesus' feet in John 11:1–12),[217] and the unnamed "sinful woman" who anoints Jesus' feet in Luke 7:36–50[218] were the same woman.[215][216]
Paul the Apostle's name was not changed from Saul. He was born a Jew, with Roman citizenship inherited from his father, and thus carried both a Hebrew and a Greco-Roman name from birth, as mentioned by Luke in Acts 13:9:[219] "...Saul, who also is called Paul...".[220][221]
Roman Catholic dogma does not say that the pope is either sinless (as is commonly believed among non-Catholic Christians)[224] or always infallible.[225] Catholic dogma since 1870 does state that a divine revelation by the pope (generally called ex cathedra) is free from error, but it does not hold that he is always free from error, even when speaking in his official capacity.[226]
The First Council of Nicaea did not establish the books of the Bible. The Old Testament had likely already been established by Hebrew scribes before Christ. The development of the New Testament canon was mostly completed in the third century before the Nicaea Council was convened in 325;[234] it was finalized, along with the deuterocanon, at the Council of Rome in 382.[235]
Constantine the Great did not make Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire. While he was the first Christian emperor and promoted religious tolerance with the Edict of Milan, Christianity was not declared the official religion of the Roman Empire until 380 AD, some 43 years after Constantine's death.[236][237]
The Seven Deadly Sins are never listed in the Bible. The concept originated with Tertullian, and originally consisted of nine vices.[238] This was later reduced to seven by Gregory I.[239]
The burqa (also transliterated as burka or burkha) is often confused with other types of head-wear worn by Muslim women, particularly the niqāb and the hijab. A burqa covers the body, head, and face, with a mesh grille to see through. A niqab covers the hair and face, excluding the eyes. A hijab covers the hair and chest but not the face.[240]
Not all Muslim women wear face or head coverings.[241]
A fatwa is a generally non-binding legal opinion issued by an Islamic scholar under Islamic law; it is therefore commonplace for fatwa from different authors to disagree. The misconception that it is a death sentence stems from a decree issued by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini of Iran in 1989 where he said that the author Salman Rushdie had earned a death sentence for blasphemy. It is debated whether this was a fatwa.[242][243][244]
The word jihad does not always mean 'holy war'; its literal meaning in Arabic is 'struggle'. While there is such a thing as jihad by the sword, jihad can be any spiritual or moral effort or struggle,[245][246][247] such as seeking knowledge, putting others before oneself, and inviting others to Islam.[248]
The Quran does not promise martyrs 72 virgins in heaven. It does mention that virgin female companions, houri, are given to all people, martyr or not, in heaven, but no number is specified.[249] The source for the 72 virgins is a hadith in Sunan al-Tirmidhi by Imam Tirmidhi.[250][251] Hadiths are sayings and acts of Muhammad as reported by others, not part of the Quran itself.[252][250]
The forbidden fruit mentioned in the Book of Genesis is never identified as an apple,[253] as widely depicted in Western art. The original Hebrew texts mention only fruit.[254][255]
Artificial turf is not maintenance free. It requires regular maintenance, such as raking and patching, to keep it functional and safe.[257]
The name golf is not an acronym for "Gentlemen Only, Ladies Forbidden".[258][259] It may have come from the Dutch word kolf or kolve, meaning "club",[259] or from the Scottish word goulf or gowf meaning "to strike or cuff".[258]
The black belt in martial arts does not necessarily indicate expert level.[261] It was introduced for judo in the 1880s to indicate competency at all of the basic techniques of the sport. Promotion beyond 1st dan (the first black belt rank) varies among different martial arts.[262]
The use of triangular corner flags in English football is not a privilege reserved for those teams that have won an FA Cup in the past, as depicted in a scene in the film Twin Town. The Football Association's rules are silent on the subject, and the decision over what shape flag to use has been up to the individual club's groundskeepers.[263]
India did not withdraw from the 1950 FIFA World Cup because their squad wanted to play barefoot. In reality, India withdrew because the country's managing body, the All India Football Federation (AIFF), was insufficiently prepared for the team's participation.[264]
There is no definitive proof that violent video games cause people to become violent. Some studies have found no link between aggression and violent video games,[265][266] and the popularity of gaming has coincided with a decrease in youth violence.[267][268] The moral panic surrounding video games in the 1980s through to the 2020s, alongside several studies and incidents of violence and legislation in many countries, likely contributed to proliferating this idea.[269][270]
The Japanese government did not pass a law banning Square Enix from releasing the Dragon Quest games on weekdays due to it causing too many schoolchildren to cut class. This rule is self-imposed by the developers themselves.[275]
Federal legal tender laws in the United States do not require that private businesses, persons, or organizations accept cash for payment, though it must be treated as valid payment for debts when tendered to a creditor.[1]
Adidas is not an acronym for "All day I dream about sports", "All day I dream about soccer", or "All day I dream about sex". The company was named after its founder Adolf "Adi" Dassler in 1949. The earliest publication found of the latter backronym was in 1978, as a joke.[277][278]
The letters "AR" in AR-15 stand for "ArmaLite Rifle", reflecting the company (ArmaLite) that originally manufactured the weapon. They do not stand for "assault rifle".[279][280]
^Serventi, Silvano; Sabban, Françoise (2002). Pasta: The Story of a Universal Food [La Pasta: Storia e cultura di un cibo universale]. Translated by Shugaar, Antony. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 10. ISBN0-231-12442-2.
^Kladstrup, Don; Kladstrup, Petie (2005). "Chapter 1: The Monarch and the Monk". Champagne: How the World's Most Glamorous Wine Triumphed Over War and Hard Times. New York: William Morrow and Company. ISBN978-0-06-073792-4.
^Mikkelson, Barbara (November 10, 2000). "Potato Chip Origin". Snopes. Archived from the original on January 21, 2022. Retrieved July 7, 2024.
^Fox, William S.; Banner, Mae G. (April 1983). "Social and Economic Contexts of Folklore Variants: The Case of Potato Chip Legends". Western Folklore. 42 (2): 114–126. doi:10.2307/1499968. JSTOR1499968.
^Soltysiak, Michal; Celuch, Malgorzata; Erle, Ulrich (June 2011). "Measured and simulated frequency spectra of the household microwave oven". 2011 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1109/MWSYM.2011.5972844. ISBN978-1-61284-754-2.
^Bendazzi, Giannalberto (2017). "The First Feature Length Animated Film in History". Twice the First: Quirino Cristiani and the Animated Feature Film. CRC Press. p. 36. ISBN978-1-351-37179-7. Archived from the original on April 3, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2023. On the other hand, the movie was not widely successful, and appealed to a small portion of the population. It was strictly for a Buenos Aires audience: nobody in the provinces even saw it because it was not distributed there. And likewise, given the subject, it was not possible to export the film to other nations, not even to a close cousin similar to Uruguay.
^Higgins, Scott (2000). "Demonstrating Three-Colour Technicolor: "Early Three-Colour Aesthetics and Design"". Film History. 12 (4): 358–383. doi:10.2979/FIL.2000.12.3.358 (inactive November 1, 2024). ISSN0892-2160. JSTOR3815345.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
^Bratcher, Dennis (December 3, 2007). "The Origin of "Xmas"". CRI / Voice, Institute. Archived from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
^ abca. Mikkelson, Barbara (July 8, 2007). "What the Fuck?". Snopes. Archived from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
b. Mikkelson, Barbara (July 9, 2007). "Pluck Yew". Snopes. Archived from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
^Sheidlower, Jesse (Autumn 1998). "Revising the F-Word". Verbatim: The Language Quarterly. 23 (4): 18–21.
^Pogash, Carol (November 23, 2003). "Myth of the 'Twinkie defense'". San Francisco Chronicle. p. D-1. Archived from the original on June 11, 2012. Retrieved March 20, 2007. The "Twinkie defense" is so ingrained in our culture that it appears in law dictionaries, in sociology textbooks, in college exams and in more than 2, 800 references on Google. Only a few of them call it what it is: a myth.
^Mikkelson, David (October 30, 1999). "The Twinkie Defense: Debunking the Myths and Misinformation". Retrieved June 18, 2024. "Twinkie defense" is now a widespread and commonly-recognized term. It is also a term based on something that never happened.
^Evans, Bergen (1962). Comfortable Words. New York City: Random House. All dictionaries now recognize "a Frankenstein" as any monstrous creation that threatens to destroy its creator.
^William Pryse-Phillips (2003). Companion to Clinical Neurology. Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-515938-1., p. 611 defines the term as "Slight and transient improvement in spational[sic] reasoning skills detected in normal subjects as a result of exposure to the music of Mozart, specifically his sonata for two pianos (K448)."
^Bridgett, D.J.; Cuevas, J. (2000). "Effects of listening to Mozart and Bach on the performance of a mathematical test". Perceptual and Motor Skills. 90 (3 Pt 2): 1171–1175. doi:10.2466/pms.2000.90.3c.1171. PMID10939064. S2CID35762220.
^Jones, Martin H.; West, Stephen D.; Estell, David B. (2006). "The Mozart effect: Arousal, preference, and spatial performance". Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. S (1): 26–32. doi:10.1037/1931-3896.S.1.26.
^Frédéric Chopin; Joseph Banowetz (2000). Piano works. Alfred Music Publishing. p. 6. ISBN978-0-7692-9854-2. Retrieved October 2, 2010.
^Maurice Hinson (2004). The Pianist's Dictionary. Indiana University Press. p. 114. ISBN978-0-253-21682-3. Retrieved October 2, 2010. This piece bears an erroneous nickname since the story long associated with this nickname presumes the pianist is supposed to play the piece in one minute. The word "minute" means small or little waltz.
^MacDonald, David; Bonocore, Mark. "Is the Pope Sinless?". The Pope, Bishop of Rome Catholic and Orthodox relations. CatholicBridge.com. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
^"For pride is the root of all evil, of which it is said, as Scripture bears witness; Pride is the beginning of all sin. [Ecclus. 10, 1] But seven principal vices, as its first progeny, spring doubtless from this poisonous root, namely, vain glory, envy, anger, melancholy, avarice, gluttony, lust." Gregory the Great, Moralia in Iob, book XXXI
^Levine, Rabbi Menachem (October 7, 2018). "Judaism and Tattoos". aish.com. Archived from the original on October 7, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
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