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User:Mr. Ibrahem/Glucagon (medication)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This page is about the medication. For the natural hormone, see Glucagon.

Glucagon
INN: Glucagon
Glucagon ball and stick model, with the carboxyl terminus above and the amino terminus below
Clinical data
Trade namesGlucaGen, Baqsimi, Gvoke, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682480
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		Nasal, intravenous (IV), intramuscular injection (IM), subcutaneous injection
Drug classGlycogenolytic[2]
Legal status
Legal status
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)[3]
  • US: ℞-only
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
  • Glucagon
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC153H225N43O49S
Molar mass3482.747314 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc2ccc(cc2)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc3ccc(cc3)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc4ccccc4)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc5c[nH]c6c5cccc6)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc7cnc[nH]7)N)O
  • InChI=1S/C153H225N43O49S/c1-72(2)52-97(133(226)176-96(47-51-246-11)132(225)184-104(60-115(159)209)143(236)196-123(78(10)203)151(244)245)179-137(230)103(58-83-64-167-89-29-19-18-28-87(83)89)183-131(224)95(43-46-114(158)208)177-148(241)120(74(5)6)194-141(234)101(54-79-24-14-12-15-25-79)182-138(231)105(61-117(211)212)185-130(223)94(42-45-113(157)207)171-124(217)75(7)170-127(220)91(31-22-49-165-152(160)161)172-128(221)92(32-23-50-166-153(162)163)174-146(239)110(69-199)191-140(233)107(63-119(215)216)186-134(227)98(53-73(3)4)178-135(228)99(56-81-33-37-85(204)38-34-81)180-129(222)90(30-20-21-48-154)173-145(238)109(68-198)190-136(229)100(57-82-35-39-86(205)40-36-82)181-139(232)106(62-118(213)214)187-147(240)111(70-200)192-150(243)122(77(9)202)195-142(235)102(55-80-26-16-13-17-27-80)188-149(242)121(76(8)201)193-116(210)66-168-126(219)93(41-44-112(156)206)175-144(237)108(67-197)189-125(218)88(155)59-84-65-164-71-169-84/h12-19,24-29,33-40,64-65,71-78,88,90-111,120-123,167,197-205H,20-23,30-32,41-63,66-70,154-155H2,1-11H3,(H2,156,206)(H2,157,207)(H2,158,208)(H2,159,209)(H,164,169)(H,168,219)(H,170,220)(H,171,217)(H,172,221)(H,173,238)(H,174,239)(H,175,237)(H,176,226)(H,177,241)(H,178,228)(H,179,230)(H,180,222)(H,181,232)(H,182,231)(H,183,224)(H,184,225)(H,185,223)(H,186,227)(H,187,240)(H,188,242)(H,189,218)(H,190,229)(H,191,233)(H,192,243)(H,193,210)(H,194,234)(H,195,235)(H,196,236)(H,211,212)(H,213,214)(H,215,216)(H,244,245)(H4,160,161,165)(H4,162,163,166)/t75-,76+,77+,78+,88-,90-,91-,92-,93-,94-,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,120-,121-,122-,123-/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:MASNOZXLGMXCHN-ZLPAWPGGSA-N checkY
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Glucagon is a medication and hormone.[4] As a medication it is used to treat low blood sugar, beta blocker overdose, calcium channel blocker overdose, and those with anaphylaxis who do not improve with epinephrine.[2] It is given by injection into a vein, muscle, or under the skin.[2] A version given in the nose is also available.[6]

Common side effects include vomiting.[2] Other side effects include low blood potassium and low blood pressure.[4] It is not recommended in people who have a pheochromocytoma or insulinoma.[2] Use in pregnancy has not be found to be harmful to the baby.[7] Glucagon is in the glycogenolytic family of medications.[2] It works by causing the liver to break down glycogen into glucose.[2]

Glucagon was approved for medical use in the United States in 1960.[2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$25.75 a dose.[9] In the United Kingdom that dose costs the NHS about £11.52.[4] In the United States the wholesale cost of a dose is US$247.32.[10] It is a manufactured form of the glucagon hormone.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Glucagon Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 16 October 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Glucagon". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  3. ^ "GlucaGen Hypokit 1 mg - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 15 June 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 487. ISBN 9780857111562.
  5. ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  6. ^ Commissioner, Office of the (24 March 2020). "FDA approves first treatment for severe hypoglycemia that can be administered without an injection". FDA. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
  7. ^ "Glucagon (GlucaGen) Use During Pregnancy". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  8. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  9. ^ "Glucagon". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  10. ^ "NADAC as of 2016-12-21 | Data.Medicaid.gov". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
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