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User:Mr. Ibrahem/Etonogestrel birth control implant

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Etonogestrel birth control implant
Implanon
Background
TypeHormonal
Progestin-only implant
First use1998  Indonesia
SynonymsEtonogestrel contraceptive implant
Trade namesImplanon, Nexplanon, others
AHFS/Drugs.comFDA Professional Drug Information
Failure rates (first year)
Perfect use0.05%[1]
Typical use0.05%[1]
Usage
Duration effect3 to 5 years[2][3]
ReversibilityYes
User remindersRequires removal after the 3–5 years[4]
Advantages and disadvantages
STI protectionNo
WeightMay cause weight gain
Period disadvantagesMay cause irregular or prolonged bleeding
Period advantagesMinimizes pain. In 33% no periods.
BenefitsLong-term contraception.

Etonogestrel birth control implant, sold under the brand name Nexplanon among others, is a device made up of a single rod containing etonogestrel which is used for birth control.[5] It is one of the most effective forms of birth control with a one-year failure rate around 0.05%.[6] It lasts at least three or four years with some data showing effectiveness for five years.[2][4][7][8] The device is placed under the skin.[2] Following removal fertility quickly returns.[5]

Common side effects include menstrual changes including irregular bleeding, with approximately one third of women reporting no menstrual periods.[5][9][10] It is not recommended in people with liver disease.[10] The etonogestrel implant is a type of long-acting reversible birth control.[6] It works by stopping ovulation, thickening the mucus around the opening of the cervix, and altering the lining of the uterus.[11]

Etonogestrel implants were approved for medical use in Indonesia in 1998 and in the United States in 2006.[9][12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[13] It is available as a generic medication.[14] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 8.93 to 13.29 USD.[15] In the United Kingdom the device costs the NHS about 83.43 pounds.[14] The cost in the United States is about 625.00 USD.[6] Etonogestrel implants are approved in more than 90 countries and used by about three million women globally as of 2010.[11][12]

References

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  1. ^ a b Trussell, James (2011). "Contraceptive efficacy" (PDF). In Hatcher, Robert A.; Trussell, James; Nelson, Anita L.; Cates, Willard; Kowal, Deborah; Policar, Michael S. (eds.). Contraceptive technology (20th revised ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 779–863. ISBN 978-1-59708-004-0. ISSN 0091-9721. OCLC 781956734. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-11-12. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b c Hamilton, Richard J. (2016). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2016 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 392. ISBN 9781284095289. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Melville, Catriona (2015). Sexual and Reproductive Health at a Glance. John Wiley & Sons. p. 21. ISBN 9781118460757. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b Lotke, Pamela S. (2016). Contraception, An Issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 634. ISBN 9780323402590.
  5. ^ a b c World Health Organization (2015). The selection and use of essential medicines. Twentieth report of the WHO Expert Committee 2015 (including 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and 5th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). Geneva: World Health Organization. pp. 332–36. hdl:10665/189763. ISBN 9789241209946. ISSN 0512-3054. WHO technical report series;994.
  6. ^ a b c Wipf, Joyce (2015). Women's Health, An Issue of Medical Clinics of North America. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 507–509. ISBN 9780323376082. Archived from the original on 2017-09-24. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Hatcher, Robert Anthony (September 2018). Contraceptive technology. Hatcher, Robert A. (Robert Anthony), 1937- (21st ed.). New York, NY. pp. Chapter 4, specifically pages 129–134. ISBN 978-1732055605. OCLC 1048947218.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ^ "Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: Implants and Intrauterine Devices - ACOG". www.acog.org. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
  9. ^ a b Shoupe, Donna; Mishell, Daniel R. (2015). The Handbook of Contraception: A Guide for Practical Management (2 ed.). Humana Press. p. 140. ISBN 9783319201856. Archived from the original on 2017-09-24. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ a b "Implanon - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
  11. ^ a b Pattman, Richard; Sankar, Nathan; Handy, Pauline; Price, David Ashley (2010). Oxford Handbook of Genitourinary Medicine, HIV, and Sexual Health. OUP Oxford. p. 368. ISBN 9780199571666. Archived from the original on 2017-09-24. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ a b Senanayake, Pramilla; Potts, Malcolm (2008). Atlas of Contraception, Second Edition (2 ed.). CRC Press. p. 53. ISBN 9780203347324. Archived from the original on 2017-09-24. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  14. ^ a b British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 791. ISBN 9780857113382.
  15. ^ "Etonogestrel". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
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