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Etienne Gaboury

Etienne Gaboury FRAIC RCA
Born	(1930-04-24) 24 April 1930 Bruxelles, Manitoba, Canada
Nationality	Canadian
Alma mater	College St. Boniface University of Manitoba Ecole des Beaux-Arts
Occupation	Architect

Etienne Joseph Gaboury FRAIC, MAA, RCA (born April 24, 1930) is a Metis Canadian Architect based in Winnipeg and St. Boniface Manitoba for the majority of his career. His architecture follows the regional typologies of the Prairies along with European influence and subtle connections to indigenous architecture. His many buildings shape the architectural typology in St. Boniface and create a connection between the two cities. He has many different scales and purposes for architectural projects within the area, arguably the most well known projects among them include Precious Blood Church, St. Boniface, Esplanade Riel Pedestrian Bridge, Winnipeg, and the Canadian Embassy, Mexico. His main goal in the design of all the projects he has contributed to is to make a statement that makes people think about the building or structure and the reasoning behind it.

Life

Born in Bruxelles, Manitoba to Napoleon and Valentine Gaboury, Etienne is the youngest of eleven children. His parents were French-Canadian, his father coming from Metis descent, while his Mother was of Indigenous descent. Gaboury and his family hardly acknowledged their indigenous heritage in his early life due to the stigmatism surrounding the culture at the time. it wasn’t until later when Metis identity became a point of pride in Canada that he began to acknowledge his culture.

Etienne Gaboury’s first degree was a Bachelor of Arts in Latin Philosophy from College St. Boniface, 1953, he then went on to University of Manitoba to complete a Bachelor of Architecture in 1958. From there he was offered a fellowship by the French government which he took to attend Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Paris, which he completed in 1959. After attending school Gaboury took two years to travel Europe and learn from its architecture which would come to influence some of his own work in the future, he took a particular interest in the work of Le Corbusier and uses a similar understanding for materiality to create landmarks in his own work.

Career

Upon his return to Canada, Etienne Gaboury worked in Winnipeg with the firm of Waissman and Ross, then architect Andre Govin, before doing a two year apprenticeship with Libling Michener and Associates, and registering with the Manitoba Association of Architects in 1961. He started his own practice soon after with a small team of young architects and representatives of other professions related to architecture. Over the course of 40 years practicing, he has contributed in the design of approximately 350 works of architecture. His works vary greatly in form, with an artistic background, he created many landmarks including the mast-like structural shape of Esplanade Riel Pedestrian Bridge and the spiraling tipi form of Precious Blood Church, The statement making designs contribute to defining the architectural typology of the prairies, especially in Winnipeg and St. Boniface. His work also has a large base in religion due to his belief that architecture is not only for the human body, but for the soul as well. He designed many churches for multiple different religions, and for both the French and English speaking populations of the area, treating each project with the same level of intention regardless of the spiritual affiliation. Gaboury also has works at a the larger scale of public, university, and embassy buildings as well as a more intimate residential scale and some park and landscape planning.

Works

Gaboury has played a role in designing approximately 350 projects in his 40 years of consistent work including;

• 1961, St. Louis le Roi, St. Boniface
• 1962, Salon funéraire Desjardins, St. Boniface
• 1962, Église des Saints-Martyrs-canadiens, St. Boniface
• 1963, St. Boniface Clinic, St. Boniface
• 1963, Église et presbytère de Saint-Claude, Saint-Claude
• 1964, St. Boniface Civic Complex, St. Boniface
• 1964, Résidence des Soeurs de la Sainte Famille, St. Boniface
• 1965, St. Boniface Cathedral Parish and Cemetery Office, St. Boniface
• 1965, École collégiale Saint-Norbert, Winnipeg
• 1965, St. Boniface Diocesan gym addition, St. Boniface
• 1965, Holy Family Church, St. Boniface
• 1966, Blessed Sacrament Church, St. Boniface
• 1966, Metro Plaza, Winnipeg
• 1966, Private residence, Winnipeg
• 1966, Home for the Aged, Grandview,
• 1963-1967, Berkshire Park neighbourhood, St. Boniface
• 1967, St. Anne’s Church and Rectory, Regina,
• 1967, Trinity Lutheran Church, Starbuck,
• 1968, Louis Riel Arts and Technology Centre, St. Boniface
• 1968, Gaboury Residence, Winnipeg
• 1968, Precious Blood Church, St. Boniface
• 1968, Messiah Lutheran Church, Winnipeg
• 1968, Maison de l’Administration général des Soeurs Grises, Montréal
• 1968, The Pas Collegiate, The Pas
• 1969, Fire Station Number 3, St. Boniface
• 1969, Fire Station Number 15, St. Boniface
• 1969, Gilbert Plains School, Gilbert Plains
• 1969, Sparks Street Development, Ottawa
• 1970, Fire Station Number 2, St. Boniface
• 1970, St. Peter's Lutheran Church, Winnipeg
• 1972, St. Boniface Basilica Reconstruction, St. Boniface
• 1972, Parc La Salle School, Winnipeg
• 1972, The Pas Town Hall, The Pas
• 1973, Foyer Chez-Nous, St. Boniface
• 1973, Taché Centre, St. Boniface
• 1973, St. Paul’s College Theatre, Winnipeg
• 1974, Centre culturel Franco-Manitobaine, St. Boniface
• 1975, Berney Residence, Winnipeg
• 1975, Royal Canadian Mint, St. Boniface
• 1976, Churchill Town Centre, Churchill
• 1977, Provincial General Purpose Building, Portage La Prairie
• 1979, Lower Fort Garry Interpretive Centre, Selkirk
• 1982, Canadian Embassy, Mexico City
• Hotel/school, Abidjan
• North End Water Pollution Control Centre, Winnipeg
• Acceuil Colombien, St. Boniface
• 1985, East Gate Lodge EPH, Beausejour
• 1986, Drake Centre for Management Studies, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg
• 1986, École Roland Lauzé School and Teacherages, Nelson House
• 1987, Le Chatelet condominiums, Winnipeg
• 1987, Rideau Park Personal Care Home, Brandon
• 1989, Central United Church, Brandon
• 1990, Louis Riel Library, Winnipeg
• 1991, St. Peter’s Abbey Church, Muenster
• 1993, Health Sciences Centre PsycHealth Centre, Winnipeg
• 1994, Videon Cable Building, Winnipeg
• 1994, Provincial Remand Centre, Winnipeg
• 1995, Parc Louis Riel Park, Winnipeg
• 1997, Selkirk Psychiatric Institute, Selkirk
• 1998, Manitoba Hydro Control Centre, Winnipeg
• 2001, The Forks Festival Park Stage, Winnipeg
• 2001, Foyer Youville, Sainte-Anne-des-Chênes
• 2002, Centre Étudiant - Collège Saint-Boniface, St. Boniface
• 2003, Diallo Residence, Winnipeg
• 2004, Provencher Bridge and Esplanade Riel, Winnipeg
• 2004, Philippine-Canadian Centre of Manitoba, Winnipeg
• 2004, Helen Betty Osborne Ininiw Educational Resource Centre, Norway House

Gaboury Residence (1968)

The residence Etienne Gaboury designed for himself in Winnipeg in 1968 was all about contextualism and regionalism. His design was focused on responding to the specific site in a way that worked for his lifestyle, as well as responding to Prairie architecture and improving upon the existing dwellings typologies with passive design techniques. The building focused largely on the movements of the sun across the Prairie's sky with many layers of windows to allow natural light deep into the spaces of the house at all times of the day and year.

Precious Blood Church (1968)

Exterior of Precious Blood Church

The Precious Blood Church has a highly sculptural quality with a tipi like roof that spirals upwards. The Wrapping structure provides an entrance corridor with the worship space towards the center of the building and the support spaces lining the outside of the curve in individual folds in the structure. The roof opens up to allow natural light into the worship space through the layers of the spiral.

Royal Canadian Mint (1975)

The Royal Canadian Mint in Winnipeg was initially intended to be a simple industrial building specifically for the production of coins. Looking further at the program of the Mint, Gaboury designed the building to host tours and provide a welcoming environment to guests, as well as house the necessary industrial industrial machinery used in the making of coins. The heavy contrast in program led to the choice for heavy contrast in materials, between glass and sentiment layers.

Canadian Embassy in Mexico (1982)

Exterior of Canadian Embassy in Mexico

The Canadian Embassy in Mexico provided unique challenges to Etienne Gaboury as an architect due to its location and purpose. It was important for Gaboury to design for the Mexican climate and using the architectural language of the area in the exterior facades, but capture the Canadian culture and design techniques on the interior in contrast. The building now hosts both Canada and Mexico in equal parts and creates a small composition of a country within the context of another country.

Esplanade Riel Bridge (2004)

Birds eye view of Esplanade Riel Bridge

View from the plaza at the center of the Esplanade Riel Bridge

The Esplanade Riel Bridge constructed in 2004, provides a direct connection across the Red River from Winnipeg to St. Boniface. Gaboury designed the outdoor space to provide a place of community with a plaza at the halfway point and a clear connection to the francophone community in St. Boniface, the Peace Park in Winnipeg and the decals on the Provencher Bridge depicting the seasons. The bridge not only provides a direct route across the river for pedestrians, but also adds to the Winnipeg skyline with its sculptural cable-stayed structure system. The architecture mimics European bridge design with its plaza at the center, while the height of the bridge follows the architectural language common across the prairies as seen in the height of silos across otherwise fairly low horizons.

Achievements

• 1961 Massey Awards Gold Medal for Architecture, St. Louis le Roi
• 1966 Canadian Home Journals Centennial Award Gold Medal for Residential Architecture, Private Residence
• 1985 Heritage Canada Award, St. Boniface Cathedral
• 1988 Heritage Winnipeg Award, Le Chatelet Condominiums

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