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Leyland Line
IndustryShipping
Founded1873
Defunct1935
Area served
North Atlantic

The Leyland Line was a British shipping transport line founded in 1873 by Frederick Richards Leyland after his apprenticeship in the firm of John Bibby, Sons & Co. After Frederick Leyland's death, the company was taken over by Sir John Ellerman in 1892. In 1902, the company was bought by the International Mercantile Marine Company and a portion of its fleet was withdrawn from service and transferred to the Ellerman Lines. The company was liquidated in 1935 after a period of declining influence due to the Great Depression.

History

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Early history

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Frederick Leyland was a longtime partner in John Bibby, Sons & Co which was based in Liverpool. In 1873 the Bibby family withdrew from the shipping business and Leyland set up his own shipping company. As the company was established in 1873, 21 former Bibby ships formed the basic equipment of Leyland's new company of cargo ships. The new company was officially called F. Leyland & Co. Ltd, but the name Leyland Line soon became established. Also inherited from the Bibby Line was the tradition of all ships other ending in "ian" or "ean" and the funnel with a black cap.[1] The shipping company initially operated with a liner service to the Mediterranean, in 1875 the transatlantic service was opened with routes ran from Liverpool to Boston, Philadelphia and Portland. New York City was only occasionally called upon. The ships used by the shipping company were mainly cargo ships, some of which had few passenger facilities that only had transport for emigrants. The liner services developed well and the shipping company became the largest transatlantic freighter line. in 1888, Leyland retired from his active business leaving his son, Frederick Dawson Leyland, in charge of the line.[2][3]

Under John Ellermann

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With the death of Frederick Leyland in 1892, John Ellermann, Christopher Furness and Henry Withy took over the Leyland Line.[3][2] Ellermann became managing director of the company and, in 1893, also took over the chairmanship of Frederick Leyland & Co. In 1896, Leyland set up a passenger service in cooperation with Furness Withy, from Liverpool to New York and the Canadian ports. In 1896, the Wilson Line was added and the joint service was called Wilson, Furness & Leyland Line. The cooperation was limited exclusively to this service. In 1899 Leyland took over the shipping company West India & Pacific Steamship Co. Ltd. and thus opened a liner service to the West Indies (Caribbean)[2]

Decline and Fate

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In 1902, the company was bought by the US banker J.P. Morgan and in 1904 the company was under the control of the International Mercantile Marine Company.[4] Leyland line was given responsibility for the European part of the International Navigation Company but had to discontinue the Mediterranean service. Twenty non-emigration Leyland ships were not included in the sale. Later, John Ellerman acquired the London Papayanni Company to form the shipping company Ellerman Lines emerged shortly afterward, in the same year, a rationalization of services followed and Leyland withdrew their ships from service and transferred to John Ellerman's new company. In 1915 with the bankruptcy of the IMMC, the company looked into an uncertain future for the first time. The First World War, which had meanwhile broken out, also meant numerous ship losses for the shipping company. By the First World War and the 1920s, many ships of the Leyland Line transferred to other companies. With The Great Depression, many more ships were sold to other companies or scrapped and, in 1935, Leyland Line's last ship was sold and the company ceased in the same year.[2][1]

Ships of the Leyland Line

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The list of Leyland Line ships when they enter service for the company.[2]

Name Shipyard GRT Passengers Launch
date
Notes
Bavarian Harland & Wolff 3,113 - 1869 Sold to J. Glynn & Son, Liverpool, 1892
Bohemian I Harland & Wolff 3,113 - 1870 Sunk at Ireland, 1891
Bulgarian Harland & Wolff 3,113 - 1870 Sunk at Ireland, 1885
Iberian I Harland & Wolff 2,931 - 1867 Sunk at Cape Clear, 1885
Illyrian Harland & Wolff 2,931 - 1867 Wrecked on Cape Clear, 1884
Istrian Harland & Wolff 2,931 - 1867 Sold to Furness Withy, 1894
Egyptian Harland & Wolff 2,137 - 1861 Broken up in 1902.
Persian Harland & Wolff 2,137 - 1863 Broken up in 1902.
Arabian Harland & Wolff 2,137 - 1866 Broken up in 1902.
Belgian ? 1,989 - 1855 Not much was known about her; and her career with the line.
Louisianian Barclay Curle 3,643 - 1891 Broken up in 1924.
SS Cornishman Harland and Wolff 5,749 - 1891 Scrapped in 1926.
SS Colonian Harland and Wolff 6,583 40 passengers 1891 Scrapped in 1926.
SS Victorian Harland & Wolff 2,152 - 1895 Torpedoed and sunk near Malta, 1916
Cestrian Harland & Wolff 8,823 - 1896 Torpedoed and sunk in Aegean Sea, 1917
Londonian Alexander Stephen and Sons 8,823 - 1896 Capsized and sank, 1898
Woolton Oswald, Mordaunt & Co 2,152 - 2 May 1885 Sailed from Newcastle, New South Wales on 14 June 1893 for Valparaiso, Chile, with a cargo of coal and tallow, and disappeared during the voyage.
Anglian - 5,532 - 2 May 1885 Torpedoed and sunk in English Channel, 1915
SS Armenian Harland and Wolff 8,825 - 25 July 1895 Torpedoed and sunk by U-24 on 28 June 1915.
SS European Harland and Wolff 8,249 60 passengers 9 July 1896 Scrapped at Genoa in 1933.
SS American Harland and Wolff 8,249 60 passengers 8 August 1895 Scrapped at Genoa in 1932.
SS Asian Caird & Company 5,613 - August 4, 1898 Ran aground and broke up.
SS Antillian Caird & Company 5,613 - September 20, 1898 Scrapped in 1930.
SS Winifredian Harland and Wolff 10,435 - 1899 Broken up in Italy, 1929.
Atlantian I Armstrong-Whitworth 9,355 - 1899 torpedoed and sunk off Eagle's Rock, 1918
SS Devonian Harland and Wolff 10,405 - 1900 Torpedoed and sunk in 1917.
Bohemian Alexander Stephen and Sons 8,548 - June 28, 1900 Ran aground in 1920.
SS Californian Caledon Shipbuilding & Engineering Company 6,223 47 passengers 26 November 1901 Best known for its inaction during the sinking of the RMS Titanic despite
being the closest ship in the area. Sunk by German U-boat, 9 November 1915.
SS Hanoverian R & W Hawthorn 13,507 1,550 passengers 25 February 1902 First sold to the Dominion Line, then sold to the White Star Line, before returning to the Leyland Line as Devonian and being chartered to Red Star Line. Scrapped in 1929.
Scottish Harland and Wolff 18,084 - 8 October 1903 1907 sold to Hamburg America Line as President Lincoln, Sunk on 31 May 1918
Servian Harland and Wolff 18,072 - 19 February 1903 1907 sold to Hamburg America Line as President Grant, became Troop transport during First and Second World War, Sold for scrap on 11 March 1952
SS Regina Harland & Wolff 16,314 2,300 passengers 19 April 1917 became Troop transport during First World War. Scrapped in 1947.
SS Pennland Harland & Wolff 16,322 2,100 passengers 11 November 1920 Sunk 25 April 1941.
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References

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  1. ^ a b "Leyland Line History and Ephemera".
  2. ^ a b c d e "Leyland Line". The Ships List.
  3. ^ a b "Frederick Leyland and Co, Grace's Guide".
  4. ^ "Boston Evening Transcript, 29 Apr 1901, Leyland line bought?".
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Category:Shipping companies of the United Kingdom Category:1873 establishments in the United Kingdom Category:Defunct shipping companies of the United Kingdom Category:1873 establishments Category:Transatlantic shipping companies