User:Montanabw/deLipizzaner

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The Lipizzaner ( Slovene : LIPICANEC), this name appears in 1786 for the first time, is an ancient breed of horse. The karst, as it was formerly called, takes its name from the Lipica Stud Farm , the original kennel in the former Habsburg monarchy . Fame the breed especially through their use of the Spanish Riding School in Vienna.

Exterior

Lipizzaner, Austrian breeding

Courbette , painting by Ludwig Koch

Lipizzaner stallion on the way to the presentation in the riding hall of the stud farm in Lipica (1978)

Most Lipizzaner (about 95%) are mold , so have a dark color as a foal and white with six to ten years. But there are also few other coat colors before. Today, there are next to milk-white horses only occasionally bay, black, foxes and dun , but originally it was at the Lipizzaner horses, all the other colors to Perlinen , Mohr heads , plates - and Tigerschecken . The paintings of Hoftiermalers Johann George Hamilton testify to this color variety.

The type of the Lipizzaner has good 300 years is not significantly changed. It looks elegant, medium-sized and compact; in short athletic. Hardness and stamina it stands out. Head, neck (highly placed) and shoulders fit together very well. The Height is today usually 155-165 cm. The Lipizzaner carries today only more isolated a distinctive Roman nose or a Roman nose, which is due to the old-Spanish influence. His hindquarters are strongly muscled, the bondage angle. The hooves are healthy for breeding very hard and very well formed. mane and tail are distinctive and finely hairy, but less lush than Andalusians . The back is of medium length and strong. The movements of the Lipizzaner act gracefully and are distinguished by a springy gait. It's for a good gallop created. His knee action tends to be high, resulting in expressive piaffe and passage.

Interior

The Lipizzan is a late mature horse, with a lively temperament; he is above average durable and suitable to old age for breeding and to work under saddle. The Lipizzaner Stallion of former Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito , Maestoso Mara died, with 41 years in the Serbian state stud Karadordevo. [2] In addition to relevant features of its exterior, the Lipizzaner is particularly suitable because of its sociable to man, its high learning disposition and quick mind for the demanding the haute école. [3] Lipizzaner have generally a high degree of physical and mental strength. Especially this mental strength of the race can be viewed as a curse and a blessing. While an instructor who has experience with this breed has, can achieve spectacular and fast training successes, desperate perhaps the indecisive tab on the mental strength of the Lipizzaner, which you can put up a poor through physical hardness. The quick apprehension of the Lipizzaner is also reflected in undesirable behaviors that go unnoticed learns the horse and if appropriate eagerly. [4] In addition to his good-natured beings, the Lipizzaner - particularly under the saddle - a strikingly elegant appearance and a lot of courage. All these interior properties result from a systematic centuries of defined benefit (and not only morphological) selection.

Use

Lipizzaner horses are known for their use in classical dressage at the Spanish Riding School . Especially the school jumps and lessons of the high school fall this horse breed, also by selection for these same skills, especially light. Key applications include dressage and driving, in which case different breeding goals are based, both recognized by the International Lipizzaner Breeding Association. Although because of their size and high cadence disadvantaged in today's competitive riding dressage, individual Lipizzaner have been repeatedly successful in competitions.

Breeding History

For a long time the Lipizzaner is the Spanish Riding School in Vienna commonly associated, in the Lipizzaner according to the classical art of riding can be formed, which was created in the 16th century. Previously they were bred for the imperial court - for carousels, as riding and horse parade and as carriage horses.

The name comes from its Lipizzaner tribe Lipica in Slovenia. Lipica is located near Trieste , the Italian name of the town is Lipizza. In 1580 the Lipica stud farm and the breed was founded "Spanish Karst" with horses of the Iberian Peninsula. The Lipizzaner contains genetic shares of Spanish, Neapolitan / Italian and Arabian horses, but probably not by so-called "indigenous Karst" horses. 1580 were first acquired (through of Khevenhüller) three Spanish stallions, mares in 1581 another six and 24. Was supplemented stock with stallions from northern Italy and the Polesina. [5]

Possibly as a result of declining quality of Spanish horses are at the beginning of the 18th century increasingly horses have been purchased from other regions in order to improve the breed further. [6] To show the origins or at least the name of the detectable horses Purchases: Cordova, acquired 1701 ( Spaniards) [7] ; Generals in 1710; Amico 1712; Lipp 1717 ( Biickeburg ); Danese 1718 (Denmark); Superbo 1722; Montedoro 1739; Toscanello 1749; Sultan Soliman in 1768 (both Arabs); , Dublin, 1779; Pluto, Sanpareil, Juncker 1772 (all Danes); Conversano, Policastro 1774 (both Neapolitans); Saltadore, 1774 (Holsteiner) [8] ; Morsu 1783 (Arabs); Favory 1779 (Kladrub), Maestoso 1786; 1790 Napoletano (Neapolitan), Allegro (Spaniards), Danese (Denmark) in 1795; Confitero (Spain) in 1796, provenance mainly from Italy (especially from Southern Italy, the breeding areas of the Neapolitanos and today Murgese ), Arabia and Denmark. [9]

From the nineteenth to the twentieth century starting current trends of horse breeding were finally, again following, introduced in the Arabian breed. Total 1770-1925 42 Arabs are accounted for. [10] .

In sum probably make 457 founder animals the basis of the Lipizzaner breed. [11] . The genetic shares of its races in today's population are estimated as follows: [12] :

57% Baroque types (Spanish, Neapolitan, Frederick Borger, ...) 24% Arabs (Original Arab, Arabian breed) 10% "Lipizzaner breed" (pedigree certificate has been lost, but with stud fire) 4% Kladrubers 3% thoroughbreds (Note: sum is not in the cited source 100 percent)

An individual horses the following founder animals were the most significant in terms of its current genetic component: Toscanello: 6.66%; Neapolitano: 6.34; Gazlan: 4.88, Siglavy: 3.14; Tadmor: 3.02; Danese: 2.69; Monaghy: 2.69; Lipp I: 2.32; Norwegia (mare): 2.18; Confitero: 1.97; Favory: 1.96; Bellornata (mare): 1.87; Pluto: 1.72; Maestoso .... (20): 1.49; Concersano .... (24): 1.18 [13]

The rough, barren, mountainous karst, located in the Lipica has effected at the Lipizzaner horses, longevity, health, strong bones, hard hooves, toughness and resilience. In the Federal Piber the young Lipizzaner are therefore maintained at high pastures with rough, barren and rocky environment throughout the summer.

When carried out in 1915 wartime evacuation of all Lipizzaner Lipizzaner from the herd was divided. One part (the smaller one) went to Kladrub on the Elbe , the other part remained in Austria, but was brought after the First World War Lipizza (now Italy and a winner of the war). Italy claimed the horses from Kladrub, but since the Czechs were also on the side of the war profiteers, they have the horses from Kladrub but never ceded to Italy. Later this Lipizzaner herd came to Topoľčiany . Towards the end of the Second World War, all stud farms were evacuated in the area of ​​influence of the German Wehrmacht to Hostau, also Lipizza. After the war the horses from Lipica between Italy and Austria were divided. The descendants of Italian horses are now in Monterotondo bred.

The Piber supplies the Spanish Riding School in Vienna with the famous school stallions . Also in Lipica is found again today an important breeding with its own riding school.

During the various "Removals", the Lipizzaner breed - usually in the context of wars - has learned remained regularly back animals, which was then partially bred by private breeders. A systematic, targeted on riding (not just driving) breeding purposes by private breeders, however, is to recognize until well after the Second World War. Ups of breeding associations from private breeders, as long known of other races, are even more recent. Nevertheless, it is now available in many countries in Europe, the USA, South Africa and Australia breeding associations, which together with the large state studs to an international Lipizzan Association (Lipizzan International Federation) have joined forces.

Therefore Lipizzaner are now grown throughout Europe, but mainly still in the state stud farms of the former Austria-Hungarian Empire in:

Piber (Austria) Lipica ( Slovenia ) Topoľčiany ( Slovakia ) Đakovo ( Croatia ) Szilvásvárad ( Hungary ) Monterotondo ( Italy ) Sâmbăta de Jos ( Romania , in Brasov county ) Karađorđevo ( Serbia ) Vučijak , near Prnjavor (Bosnia) Lipik (Croatia) Beclean pe Somes (Romania, in Bistrita-Nasaud county ) Large private breeders include:

Tempel Farms (Illinois, USA) South African Lipizzaner Centre (Johannesburg, South Africa) Haras of Launes (la Roque d'Anthéron, France) Kobilarna Hosta (Šentjernej, Slovenia) Ergela Kelebija (Serbia) Lipizzanerstutteri Ordrupdal (Denmark)

Branding

The stud fires of the Austro-Hungarian state stud farms

Due to the numerous state stud farms in different countries and the private breeding organizations are there for Lipizzaner no uniform combustion, though certain traditions of at least the major stud farms are handled similarly. The most important fires to be described, as far as information is available.

Piber: left Krupp page: "P" with a crown above; left saddle position : line letter of the father, the right number, including the mother line symbol; right saddle position: Foal registration number; left ganache : "L" Lipica, Monterotondo: li. Saddle Location: life number; li. Ganache: "L" Topoľčiany: li. Krupp page "STR" with an offset to the top "T"; li. Saddle position: Line Letter of the Father, to the right of number, including the mother line symbol; re saddle position: Foal registration number; in mares: li. Krupp page: Szilvásvárad: li. Saddle position: Line Letter of the Father, number (stallions), symbol of the mother line, including foal registration number; re. Saddle area "B" between two antler blades, right of birth year (two digits) Simbata de Jos: li. Saddle position: Line Letter of the Father, diagonally right below the dam line symbol, diagonally right about number (stallions); re. Saddle position: Foal registration number, "F" (for Fagaras) Dakovo: li. Krupp page: "D" with stroke through the vertical line; Lipik: li. Krupp page: "L", with a slash, li saddle position: Lipizzaner Breeding Association Germany: current li. Krupp page: Baroque "L", Foal number Stud Slovenia : li shoulder: lime leaf; li. Saddle position: number The line letter of the father are sorted by stud differently designed, ornate forms of the initials of the main lines, as "C": Conversano, "F": Favory, "J": Incitato, "M": Maestoso; "N": Neapolitano, "P": Pluto, "S": Siglavy, "T": Tulipan.

The line drawing of the lineages of the mothers, so the line whose fathers, in contrast, are graphic symbols: Conversano: a circle or an ellipse with a horizontal line (a simplified version of the Counts of Conversano stud Brands [14] ); Favory: a rectangle; Incitato: an upwardly open circle; Maestoso: a crown or "M"; Neapolitano: various diagonal crosses (one or two swords symbolizing, perhaps derived from the burning of the Charterhouse of Padula [15] ); Pluto: a wavy line; Siglavy: oblique arrow or triangle; Tulipan: top open circle with vertical line under

The numbers can be continuous foal numbers are assigned in ascending order, stallion numbers in its line show the numbering of the stallion ("the third Siglavy") or foal register numbers that are years as awarded (?).

The L-fire is a sign of the root stud. The tradition is only fire in Piber, Monterotondo or Lipica bred Lipizzaner. This L seems to Emperor Leopold I go back when it is naturally also good to "Lipica" fits.

Progenitors

Lipizzaner horses at Lipica in the pasture

In the 18th and 19th centuries, six stallions were imported to Lipica, the wording technically because of their importance for the breeding of the Lipizzaner progenitors have been made. Since then is grown under consideration of the derived from these stallions lines, the male offspring will be named after the lineage of their respective father. The six lines are named after these stallions (date of birth):

PLUTO ( Frederiksborg ), was white, but probably no mold but a white born Tigerschecke , drawn purely Spanish in 1765, purchased in 1771 at auction for the reduction of the stud Fredericksborg [16] CONVERSANO ( Neapolitan stallion, drawn purely Spanish in 1767, bred by the House Acquaviva [17] , one in the 10th century from Bavaria relocated to Italy noble family ) MAESTOSO ( Kladrub , drawn purely Spanish, 1773) FAVORY (Falbe, Kladrub , drawn purely Spanish, 1779) NEAPOLITANO (Brown Neapolitans , drawn purely Spanish, 1790) Siglavy (in Arabic mold, Syria, 1810) Other stallions have performed only in certain studs to further lineages (Incitato, TULIPAN).

Classic Stutfamilien

Among the classical Stutfamilien is understood in KuKHofgestüt to Lippiza founded or benützten Stutfamilien.

• SARDINIA (Lippiza, 1776) Betalka, Beja, Bravissima, Virtuosa, Bionda, Musica
• SPADIGLIA (Lippiza, 1778) Monteaura, Monte Negra, Monterea, Managua, Monte Rosa, Monte Dora
• ARGENTINA (Lippiza, 1767) Slava, Sana, Adriatic, Adriana, Mimosa, Animosa
• AFRICA (Kladrub 1747) Batosta, Basowizza, Brezja, Basilica, Medea, Lipa, Barbana
• Almerina (Kladrub, 1769) Santa, Sistina, Serena, Slavina, Slavonia, Sitnica, Avala
• PRESCIANA / BRADAMANTA (Kladrub, 1782/1777) Presciana, Bona, Romana, Bonasera, Perletta, Primavera
• ENGLANDERIA (Kladrub, 1773) Englanderia, Allegra, Aida, Allora, Aurica
• EUROPE (Kladrub, 1774) Trompeta, Traga, Tiberias, Malina, Tuscany, Mantua
• STORNELLA / FISTULA (Koptschan, 1784/1771) Stornella, Steaka, Saffa, Sessana, Britanica, Sagana
• IVANKA / FAMOSA (Koptschan, 1754/1773) Soy, Strana, Noblessa, Isabella, Fama, India
• Deflorata (Frederiksborg, 1767) Canissa, Capriola, Manzina, Amabila, Caprina, Kremica
• Capriola (Kladrub, 1785) Capriola, Ancona, Bellamira, Calcedona, Alea, Bellornata
• RAVA (Kladrub, 1755) Ravata, Rigoletta, Risanota, Rosana, Roma, Rimava
• GIDRANE (Original Arabs, 1841) Gaetana, Gaeta, Galanta, Neretva, Jadranka, Narenta
• GENERALE JUNIOR / DJEBRIN (Babolna, 1824) Dubovina, Darinka, Drava, Kupa, Distinta, Oriana
• MERCURIO (Radautz, 1806) Gratia, Gratiosa, Corvina, Fantasca, Pompea, Barbarina
• THEODOROSTA (Bukovina, in 1870 - Baron Kaprii) Theodorosta, Vera, Watta, Theodora, Wandra, Tosiana

Naming in Lipizzaner horses

Traditionally Lipizzaner Stallions get at birth two names. The first refers to the lineage of the father, the second is the mother's name.

Maestoso Austria = Sire: Maestoso Trompeta - Mother: Austria

The filly we often go back to the mother's sixth to eighth generation and selects from these three generations of a name. Therefore, there are typical names that recur for each mare family.

Some studs do not adhere to these conventions.

Miscellaneous

The evacuation of the Lipizzaner after the Second World War from the Russian-occupied area is called "rescue of the Lipizzaner" received especially in American popular culture (where U.S. organizations were heavily involved in the transport) and has contributed to their popularity in the United States. For this action, the film is The Miracle of the White Stallions been rotated in the Robert Taylor the then Leader of the Spanish Riding School, Alois Podhajsky plays and used a double of this.

1944 Lipizzan some of Graf were Janković-besan rescued after South Africa. There was another riding school, the South African Lipizzaner , founded in a classic style.

Sources

↑ http://www.lipizzanerzuchtverband.de/ursprungszuchtbuch.pdf ↑ Heinz Nuremberg: On the trail of the Lipizzaner horses. 1998, p 146 ↑ Heinz Nuremberg: On the trail of the Lipizzaner horses. 1998, p 49 ↑ Hans-Heinrich Isenbart & Emil M. Buehrer: Lipizzaner - The imperial horse. 1986, pp. 114f. ↑ Nuremberg: The Lipizzaner, see below, pp. 16-17 ↑ Mauro Aurigi: "Murgese in Bianco" in Cavalli & Cavalieri 3/1991, pp. 78-80 ↑ indications of origin, if known, to Nuremberg: The Lipizzaner, p 19 ↑ Nuremberg. P. 19 ↑ Mauro Aurigi: "Murgese in Bianco" in Cavalli & Cavalieri 3/1991, page 80, right column ↑ The Lipizzaner in the Mirror of Science, pp. 165, 171 ↑ The Lipizzaner in the Mirror of Science, p 183, Table 11 ↑ The Lipizzaner in the Mirror of Science, p.183 ↑ The Lipizzaner in the Mirror of Science, p 182, Table 10 ↑ Il Corsiero Napolitano - Testo di Giuseppe Maria Fraddosio ↑ [1] ↑ [2] ↑ http://www.murgesehorse.com/eng/index.uk.html

Literature

Hans-Heinrich Isenbart & Emil M. Buehrer: Lipizzaner - The imperial horse. Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-87203-009-4 . Heinz Nuremberg: On the trail of the Lipizzaner horses. Ag Olms, Hildesheim 1998, ISBN 3-487-08393-0 . Heinz Nuremberg: The Lipizzaner. Westarp Sciences, Magdeburg 1993, ISBN 3-89432-404-X . Martin Haller: Lipizzaner. Cadmos Verlag, Brunsbek 2003, ISBN 3-86127-384-5 . Ilona Cherry: Lipizzaner - individualists for idealists - a Rasseportrait away from the glitz and glamor. Frühtau-Verlag, Kiel 2004, ISBN 3-9808715-1-7 . Georg Kugler, Wolf Dieter Bihl : The Lipizzaner of the Spanish Riding School. Pichler Verlag, Vienna 2002, ISBN 978-3-85431-284-0 . Gottfried Brem: The Lipizzaner in the mirror of science. Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2011, ISBN 978-3-7001-6917-8 . Gertrud Grilz-Seger & Thomas Druml: Lipizzaner: Stallion tribes. Vehling Verlag, Graz 2011, ISBN 978-3-85333-199-6 . Frank Westerman : The fate of the white horses Another history of the 20th century.. Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-63088-0 .

See also

List of horse breeds Baroque Horse Maria Lankowitz Koeflach

External links

Commons: Lipizzaner - album with pictures, videos and audio files stud farm Lipica [Lipizzaner Museum Lipizzaner Breeding Association Germany eV Lipizzan International Federation Page via the parent Lipica Spanish Riding School and Federal Stud Piber

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Montanabw/deLipizzaner

Equus ferus caballus

Der Lipizzaner, (Slowenisch: Lipicanec), dieser Name taucht 1786 zum ersten Mal auf, ist eine alte Pferderasse. {{Infobox horse breed | image = Favory Pallavicina.jpg | Bild_Beschreibung = | origin = Lipica, in establishing Inner Austria, today Slovenia | Breeding Area = former kuk Monarchy Austria-Hungary | distribution = low endangered domestic animal breed | Height = 148-162 cm be sought, 153-158 cm Neben einschlägigen Merkmalen seines Exterieurs eignet sich der Lipizzaner besonders aufgrund seiner Kontaktfreudigkeit zum Menschen, seiner hohen Lerndisposition und schnellen Auffassungsgabe für die anspruchsvollen Lektionen der Hohen Schule. Lipizzaner verfügen in der Regel über ein hohes Maß an körperlicher und mentaler Stärke. 1998, p 49 </ ref> Lipizzaner have generally a high degree of physical and mental strength. Besonders diese mentale Stärke der Rasse kann als Fluch und Segen zugleich betrachtet werden. Especially this mental strength of the race can be viewed as a curse and a blessing. Während ein Ausbilder, der Erfahrung mit dieser Rasse hat, spektakuläre und schnelle Ausbildungserfolge erzielen kann, verzweifelt möglicherweise der unentschlossene Reiter an der mentalen Stärke des Lipizzaners, der man durch physische Härte nur wenig entgegensetzen kann. While an instructor who has experience with this breed has, can achieve spectacular and fast training successes, desperate perhaps the indecisive tab on the mental strength of the Lipizzaner, which you can put up a poor through physical hardness. Die schnelle Auffassungsgabe des Lipizzaners zeigt sich auch bei unerwünschten Verhaltensweisen, die das Pferd unbemerkt lernt und gegebenenfalls eifrig umsetzt. Neben seinem gutmütigen Wesen hat der Lipizzaner – besonders unter dem Sattel – eine auffällig elegante Ausstrahlung und eine gehörige Portion Mut. 1986, pp. 114f </ ref> In addition to his good-natured beings, the Lipizzaner -. Especially under saddle - a striking elegant appearance and a lot of courage. All diese Interieureigenschaften resultieren aus einer systematischen jahrhundertelangen leistungsorientierten (und nicht nur morphologischen) Selektion. All these interior properties result from a systematic centuries of defined benefit (and not only morphological) selection. == Verwendung == thumb|upright|Lipizzaner, österreichische Zucht [[Datei:KochCourbette.jpeg|thumb|upright|Courbette, Gemälde von Ludwig Koch]] [[Datei:SežanaLipicaLipicaner1978-2.jpg|thumb|Lipizzaner-Hengst auf dem Weg zur Präsentation in die Reithalle des Gestüts in Lipica (1978)]] Lipizzaner sind bekannt für ihren Einsatz in der klassischen Dressur an der Spanischen Hofreitschule. Use == ==

File:Maestoso Basowizza & Senior Rider Hausberger.jpg

Lipizzaner, Austrian breeding

Courbette, painting by Ludwig Koch

Lipizzaner stallion on the way to the presentation in the riding hall of the stud in Lipica (1978)

Lipizzaner are known for their use in classical dressage at the Spanish Riding School. Besonders die Schulsprünge und Lektionen der Hohen Schule fallen dieser Pferderasse, auch durch Selektion auf ebendiese Fähigkeiten, besonders leicht. Especially the school jumps and lessons of the high school fall this horse breed, also by selection for these same skills, especially light. Einsatzschwerpunkte sind Dressur und Fahren, wobei hier unterschiedliche Zuchtziele zugrunde liegen, die beide von der Internationalen Lipizzanerzuchtvereinigung anerkannt sind. Key applications include dressage and driving, in which case different breeding goals are based, both recognized by the International Lipizzaner Breeding Association. Obwohl aufgrund ihrer Größe und hohen Kadenz im heutigen Dressur-Turnierreiten benachteiligt, sind einzelne Lipizzaner immer wieder erfolgreich auf Turnieren vorgestellt worden. Although because of their size and high cadence disadvantaged in today's competitive riding dressage, individual Lipizzaner have been repeatedly successful in competitions. == Zuchtgeschichte == Seit langem ist der Lipizzaner mit der Spanischen Hofreitschule in Wien gemeinhin assoziiert, in der Lipizzaner gemäß der klassischen Reitkunst ausgebildet werden, die im 16. Jahrhundert entstanden ist. History == == breeding has long been the Lipizzaner with the Spanish Riding School commonly associated in Vienna, in the Lipizzaner according to the classical horsemanship are formed in the 16th century has emerged. Früher wurden sie für den kaiserlichen Hof gezüchtet – für Karussells, als Reit- und Paradepferde und als Kutschpferde. Previously they were bred for the imperial court - for carousels, as riding and horse parade and as carriage horses. Der Name Lipizzaner stammt von seinem Stammgestüt Lipica in Slowenien. The name comes from its Lipizzaner Family Lipica stud farm in Slovenia. Lipica liegt in der Nähe von Triest, der italienische Name der Ortschaft lautet Lipizza. Lipica is located near Trieste, the Italian name of the town is Lipizza. Im Jahre 1580 wurde mit Pferden der iberischen Halbinsel das Gestüt Lipica und die Rasse der „Spanischen Karster“ begründet. In 1580 the Lipica stud farm and the breed was founded "Spanish Karst" with horses of the Iberian Peninsula. Der Lipizzaner enthält genetische Anteile von spanischen, neapolitanischen/italienischen und arabischen Pferden, aber wohl nicht von so genannten „bodenständigen Karster“ Pferden. The Lipizzaner contains genetic shares of Spanish, Neapolitan / Italian and Arabian horses, but probably not by so-called "indigenous Karst" horses. 1580 wurden zunächst (durch von Khevenhüller) drei spanische Hengste erworben, 1581 weitere sechs sowie 24 Stuten. 1580 were first acquired (through of Khevenhüller) three Spanish stallions, mares in 1581 another six and 24. Ergänzt wurde der Bestand mit Hengsten aus Norditalien und der Polesina. Möglicherweise aufgrund einer nachlassenden Qualität der spanischen Pferde sind mit Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts vermehrt Pferde aus anderen Regionen eingekauft worden, um die Zucht weiter zu verbessern. So zeigen die Herkünfte oder zumindest die Namen der nachweisbaren Pferdeankäufe: Cordova, erworben 1701 (Spanier); Was supplemented stock with stallions from northern Italy and the Polesina ; P 19 </ ref>; Morsu 1783 (Araber); Morsu 1783 (Arabs); Favory 1779 (Kladrub), Maestoso 1786; Favory 1779 (Kladrub), Maestoso 1786; Napoletano 1790 (Neapolitaner), Allegro (Spanier), Danese (Däne) 1795; 1790 Napoletano (Neapolitan), Allegro (Spaniards), Danese (Denmark) in 1795; Confitero (Spanier) 1796, Herkünfte hauptsächlich aus Italien (speziell aus Süditalien, den Zuchtgebieten des Neapolitanos und des heutigen Murgese), Arabien und Dänemark. Vom neunzehnten bis ins beginnende zwanzigste Jahrhundert wurden schließlich, auch hier wieder aktuellen Trends der Pferdezucht folgend, Araber in die Zucht eingeführt. Confitero (Spain) in 1796, provenance mainly from Italy (especially from Southern Italy, the breeding areas of the Neapolitanos and today Murgese), Arabia and Denmark . A total of 42 Arabs are assignable 1770-1925. . : * 57 % Barocke Typen (Spanier, Neapolitaner, Fredericksborger, ...) * 24 % Araber (Originalaraber, Araberrasse) * 10 % "Lipizzanerrasse" (Abstammungsnachweis verloren gegangen, aber mit Gestütsbrand) * 4 % Kladruber * 3 % Vollblüter (Anmerkung: Summe beträgt auch in der zitierten Quelle nicht 100 Prozent) An Einzelpferden waren die folgenden Gründertiere hinsichtlich ihres heutigen genetischen Anteils am bedeutendsten: Toscanello: 6,66%; The genetic shares of its races in today's population are estimated as follows: Der raue, karge, gebirgige Karst, in dem Lipica liegt, hat bei den Lipizzanern Langlebigkeit, Gesundheit, starke Knochen, harte Hufe, Zähigkeit und Widerstandsfähigkeit bewirkt. Concersano .... (24): 1.18 ); The line drawing of the lineages of the mothers, so the line whose fathers, in contrast, are graphic symbols: Conversano: a circle or an ellipse with a horizontal line (a simplified version of the Counts of Conversano stud Brands ); Neapolitano: various diagonal crosses (one or two swords symbolizing, perhaps derived from the burning of the Charterhouse of Padula * CONVERSANO (neapolitanischer Rapphengst, rein spanisch gezogen, 1767; aus der Zucht des Haus Acquaviva, einem im 10. Jh. aus Bayern nach Italien umgezogenen Adelsgeschlecht) * MAESTOSO (Kladrub, rein spanisch gezogen, 1773) * FAVORY (Falbe, Kladrub, rein spanisch gezogen, 1779) * NEAPOLITANO (brauner Neapolitaner, rein spanisch gezogen, 1790) * SIGLAVY (rein arabischer Schimmel, Syrien, 1810) Weitere Hengste haben nur in bestimmten Gestüten zu weiteren Stammlinien geführt (INCITATO, TULIPAN). The six lines are named after these stallions (date of birth): * PLUTO (Frederiksborger), was white, but probably no mold but a white-born Tigerschecke, drawn purely Spanish, 1765 , purchased in 1771 at auction for the reduction of the stud Fredericksborg <ref> [1] </ ref> * CONVERSANO ( Neapolitan black stallion, drawn purely Spanish, 1767; bred by the House Acquaviva <ref> http://www.murgesehorse.com/eng/index.uk.html </ ref>, one in the 10th century from Bavaria relocated to Italy nobility sgeschlecht) * MAESTOSO ( Kladrub, drawn purely Spanish, 1773) * FAVORY (Falbe, Kladrub drawn purely Spanish, 1779) * NEAPOLITANO (Brown Neapolitans, drawn purely Spanish, 1790) * Siglavy (in Arabic mold, Syria, 1810) More stallions have performed only in certain stud to other lineages (Incitato, TULIPAN). == Klassische Stutfamilien == Unter den klassischen Stutfamilien versteht man im KuKHofgestüt zu Lippiza gegründeten oder benützten Stutfamilien. Classic Stutfamilien == == Among the classical Stutfamilien is understood in KuKHofgestüt to Lippiza founded or benützten Stutfamilien. * SARDINIA (Lippiza, 1776) Betalka, Beja, Bravissima, Virtuosa, Bionda, Musica * SPADIGLIA (Lippiza, 1778) Monteaura, Montenegra, Monterea, Managua, Monterosa, Montedora * ARGENTINA (Lippiza, 1767) Slava, Sana, Adria, Adriana, Mimosa, Animosa * AFRICA (Kladrub, 1747) Batosta, Basowizza, Brezja, Basilica, Medea, Lipa, Barbana * ALMERINA (Kladrub, 1769) Santa, Sistina, Serena, Slavina, Slavonia, Sitnica, Avala * PRESCIANA / BRADAMANTA (Kladrub, 1782/1777) Presciana, Bona, Romana, Bonasera, Perletta, Primavera * ENGLANDERIA (Kladrub, 1773) Englanderia, Allegra, Aida, Allora, Aurica * EUROPA (Kladrub, 1774) Trompeta, Traga, Tiberia, Malina, Toscana, Mantua * STORNELLA / FISTULA (Koptschan, 1784/1771) Stornella, Steaka, Saffa, Sessana, Britanica, Sagana * IVANKA / FAMOSA (Koptschan, 1754/1773) Soja, Strana, Noblessa, Isabella, Fama, India * DEFLORATA (Frederiksborg, 1767) Canissa, Capriola, Manzina, Amabila, Caprina, Kremica * CAPRIOLA (Kladrub, 1785) Capriola, Ancona, Bellamira, Calcedona, Alea, Bellornata * RAVA (Kladrub, 1755) Ravata, Rigoletta, Risanota, Rosana, Roma, Rimava * GIDRANE (Orig. * SARDINIA (Lippiza, 1776) Betalka, Beja, Bravissima, Virtuosa, Bionda, Musica * SPADIGLIA (Lippiza, 1778) Monteaura, Monte Negra, Monterea, Managua, Monte Rosa, Monte Dora * ARGENTINA (Lippiza, 1767 ) Slava, Sana, Adriatic, Adriana, Mimosa, Animosa * AFRICA (Kladrub 1747) Batosta, Basowizza, Brezja, Basilica, Medea, Lipa, Barbana * Almerina (Kladrub, 1769) Santa , Sistina, Serena, Slavina, Slavonia, Sitnica, Avala * PRESCIANA / BRADAMANTA (Kladrub, 1782/1777) Presciana, Bona, Romana, Bonasera, Perletta, Primavera * ENGLANDERIA (Kladrub, 1773) Englanderia , Allegra, Aida, Allora, Aurica * EUROPE (Kladrub, 1774) Trompeta, Traga, Tiberias, Malina, Tuscany, Mantua * STORNELLA / FISTULA (Koptschan, 1784/1771) Stornella, Steaka, Saffa , Sessana, Britanica, Sagana * IVANKA / FAMOSA (Koptschan, 1754/1773) soy, Strana, Noblessa, Isabella, Fama, India * Deflorata (Frederiksborg, 1767) Canissa, Capriola, Manzina, Amabila , Caprina, Kremica * capriola (Kladrub, 1785), Capriola, Ancona, Bellamira, Calcedona, Alea, Bellornata * RAVA (Kladrub, 1755) Ravata, Rigoletta, Risanota, Rosana, Roma, Rimava * GIDRANE (Orig Araber, 1841) Gaetana, Gaeta, Galanta, Neretva, Jadranka, Narenta * GENERALE JUNIOR / DJEBRIN (Babolna, 1824) Dubovina, Darinka, Drava, Kulpa, Distinta, Oriana * MERCURIO (Radautz, 1806) Gratia, Gratiosa, Corvina, Fantasca, Pompea, Barbarina * THEODOROSTA (Bukovina, vor 1870 – Baron Kaprii) Theodorosta, Wera, Watta, Theodora, Wandra, Tosiana == Namensgebung bei Lipizzanern == Traditionell bekommen Lipizzanerhengste bei der Geburt zwei Namen. Arabs, 1841) Gaetana, Gaeta, Galanta, Neretva, Jadranka, Narenta * GENERALE JUNIOR / DJEBRIN (Babolna, 1824) Dubovina, Darinka, Drava, Kupa, Distinta, Oriana * MERCURIO (Radautz, 1806 ) Gratia, Gratiosa, Corvina, Fantasca, Pompea, Barbarina * THEODOROSTA (Bukovina, in 1870 - Baron Kaprii) Theodorosta, Vera, Watta, Theodora, Wandra, Tosiana == naming at Lipizzanern == Traditional Lipizzaner Stallions get at birth two names. Der erste bezeichnet die Stammlinie des Vaters, der zweite ist der Name der Mutter. The first refers to the lineage of the father, the second is the mother's name. Maestoso Austria = Vater: Maestoso Trompeta – Mutter: Austria Bei den Stutfohlen geht man häufig mütterlicherseits zurück bis zur sechsten bis achten Generation und wählt aus diesen drei Generationen einen Namen. Maestoso Austria = Sire: Maestoso Trompeta - Mother: Austria The filly we often go back to the mother's sixth to eighth generation and selects from these three generations of a name. Deshalb gibt es für jede Stutenfamilie typische Namen, die immer wiederkehren. Therefore, there are typical names that recur for each mare family. Einige Gestüte halten sich nicht an diese Konventionen. Some studs do not adhere to these conventions. == Sonstiges == Die Evakuierung der Lipizzaner nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg aus dem russisch besetzten Bereich ist als „Rettung der Lipizzaner“ vor allem in die amerikanische Alltagskultur eingegangen (wobei US-Verbände maßgeblich am Transport beteiligt waren) und hat zu deren Bekanntheitsgrad in den USA beigetragen. == Other == The evacuation of the Lipizzaner after the Second World War from the Russian-occupied area is called "rescue of the Lipizzaner" especially in American popular culture received (where U.S. organizations were heavily involved in the transport) and has to their visibility in the USA contributed. Zu dieser Aktion ist der Film Die Flucht der weißen Hengste gedreht worden, in dem Robert Taylor den damaligen Leiter der Spanischen Hofreitschule, Alois Podhajsky spielt und von diesem gedoubelt wurde. For this action, the film The Miracle of the White Stallions has been rotated, in the Robert Taylor the then Leader of the Spanish Riding School, Alois Podhajsky plays and used a double of this. 1944 wurden einige Lipizzaner von Graf Janković-Bésán nach Südafrika gerettet. Janković-besan 1944 Lipizzaner some of Graf were rescued after South Africa. Dort wurde eine weitere Reitschule, die South African Lipizzaners, nach klassischem Vorbild gegründet. There was another riding school, the South African Lipizzaner, founded in a classic style. == Quellen ==

== Literatur == * Hans-Heinrich Isenbart & Emil M. Bührer: Lipizzaner - Das kaiserliche Pferd. == Sources == * == Literature == Hans-Heinrich Isenbart & Emil M. Buehrer: Lipizzaner - The imperial horse. Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-87203-009-4. Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-87203-009-4. * Heinz Nürnberg: Auf den Spuren der Lipizzaner. * Heinz Nuremberg: In the Footsteps of the Lipizzaner horses. Olms Ag, Hildesheim 1998, ISBN 3-487-08393-0. Ag Olms, Hildesheim 1998, ISBN 3-487-08393-0. * Heinz Nürnberg: Der Lipizzaner. * Heinz Nuremberg: The Lipizzaner. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg 1993, ISBN 3-89432-404-X. Westarp Sciences, Magdeburg 1993, ISBN 3-89432-404-X. * Martin Haller: Lipizzaner. * Martin Haller: Lipizzaner. Cadmos Verlag, Brunsbek 2003, ISBN 3-86127-384-5. Cadmos Verlag, Brunsbek 2003, ISBN 3-86127-384-5. * Ilona Kirsch: Lipizzaner - Individualisten für Idealisten - ein Rasseportrait abseits von Glanz und Glamour. * Ilona Cherry: Lipizzaner - individualists for idealists - a Rasseportrait away from the glitz and glamor. Fruehtau-Verlag, Kiel 2004, ISBN 3-9808715-1-7. Frühtau-Verlag, Kiel 2004, ISBN 3-9808715-1-7. * Georg Kugler, Wolfdieter Bihl: Die Lipizzaner der Spanischen Hofreitschule. * Georg Kugler, Wolf Dieter Bihl: The Lipizzaner of the Spanish Riding School. Pichler Verlag, Wien 2002, ISBN 978-3-85431-284-0. Pichler Verlag, Wien 2002, ISBN 978-3-85431-284-0. * Gottfried Brem: Der Lipizzaner im Spiegel der Wissenschaft. * Gottfried Brem: The Lipizzaner in the mirror of science. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 2011, ISBN 978-3-7001-6917-8. Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2011, ISBN 978-3-7001-6917-8. * Gertrud Grilz-Seger & Thomas Druml: Lipizzaner: Hengststämme. * Gertrud Grilz-Seger & Thomas Druml: Lipizzaner: Stallion tribes. Vehling Verlag, Graz 2011, ISBN 978-3-85333-199-6. Vehling Verlag, Graz 2011, ISBN 978-3-85333-199-6. * Frank Westerman: Das Schicksal der weißen Pferde. Eine andere Geschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts. * Frank Westerman: The fate of the white horse Another history of the 20th century.. München 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-63088-0. Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-63088-0. == Siehe auch == * Liste der Pferderassen * Barockpferd * Maria Lankowitz * Köflach == Weblinks ==

* Lipizzaner-Gestüt Lipica * Lipizzaner-Museum * Lipizzaner-Zuchtverband Deutschland eV * Lipizzan International Federation * Seite über das Stammhaus Lipica * Spanische Hofreitschule und Bundesgestüt Piber Kategorie:Pferderasse Kategorie:Spanische Hofreitschule == See also == * List of horse breeds * Baroque horse * Maria Lankowitz * Koeflach == External links ==

* [http:/ / www.lipica.org/ Lipizzaner stud farm Lipica] * Lipizzaner Museum * Lipizzaner Breeding Association Germany eV * [http: / / www.lipizzan-online.com/ Lipizzan International Federation] * page via the parent Lipica * Spanish Riding School and Federal Stud Piber Category: Horse race Category: Spanish Riding School