User:Mljonir/sandbox

Censorship in Mexico

Censorship in Mexico includes all types of suppression in free speech in Mexico. In 2016, Reporters Without Borders ranked Mexico 149 out of 180 in the World Press Freedom Index, declaring Mexico to be “the world’s most dangerous country for journalists.” Under the current Mexican Constitution, both freedom of information and expression are to be protected under the legislation from Article 6, which states that "the expression of ideas shall not be subject to any judicial or administrative investigation, unless it offends good morals, infringes the rights of others, incites to crime, or disturbs the public order," and Article 7 in regards to "freedom of writing and publishing writings on any subject is inviolable. No law or authority may establish censorship, require bonds from authors or printers, or restrict the freedom of printing, which shall be limited only by the respect due to private life, morals, and public peace."

In a 2015 article by Foreign Affairs, Senior Partners in Control Risks Geert Aalbers (specializing in Brazil) and Nick Panes (specializing in Mexico City) claim that "local Mexican press is not free," bringing attention to more recent corruption scandals that are often made public through international press.

Attacks and Threats Against Journalists

The dangers posed to journalists in Mexico has been an ongoing issue since the Mexican Revolution, but in more recent times the extent of these threats and murders have escalated. In August of 2016, Reporters Without Borders wrote that Veracruz was "one of the most dangerous states in Mexico for journalists," while also reporting that "176 cases of violence, intimidation, threats, aggression, cyber-attacks, blackmail, murder and enforced disappearance in which journalists were the victims from 2013 to June 2016."

The Organization of American States (OAS) claims to uphold the principles that believe “the murder, kidnapping, intimidation of and/or threats to social communicators, as well as the material destruction of communications media violate the fundamental rights of individuals and strongly restrict freedom of expression. It is the duty of the state to prevent and investigate such occurrences, to punish their perpetrators and to ensure that victims receive due compensation.”

Bibliography

• Aalbers, Geert, and Nick Panes. "Mexico, the Next Brazil?" Foreign Affairs. October 07, 2015. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/mexico/2015-10-07/mexico-next-brazil.
• Bonner, Robert C. "The New Cocaine Cowboys." Foreign Affairs. July/August 2010. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/mexico/2010-07-01/new-cocaine-cowboys.
• Bustamante, Celeste González De. "Muy Buenas Noches": Mexico, Television, and the Cold War. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2012.
• "Constitution of Mexico - OAS." Accessed November 16, 2016. http://www.oas.org/Juridico/MLA/en/mex/en_mex-int-text-const.pdf.
• "Disastrous Toll – 21 Latin American Journalists Killed in past Six Months | Reporters without Borders." Reporters Without Borders. July 05, 2016. Accessed November 16, 2016. https://rsf.org/en/news/disastrous-toll-21-latin-american-journalists-killed-past-six-months.
• Glanville, Brian. "Murder In Mexico." In Made In China, 70-75. Vol. 41. Index on Censorship, 2012. http://ioc.sagepub.com.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/content/41/2/70.full.
• Green, Jonathon. "Mexico." In The Encyclopedia of Censorship, 348-50. New York, NY: Facts on File, 1990.
• Lawson, Chappell H. Building the Fourth Estate: Democratization and the Rise of a Free Press in Mexico. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.
• "Mexico: Threats against Author of Book about Veracruz Governor | Reporters without Borders." Reporters Without Borders. August 11, 2016. Accessed November 16, 2016. https://rsf.org/en/news/mexico-threats-against-author-book-about-veracruz-governor.
• "Mexico: Two Mexican Journalists Murdered in Space of Three Days | Reporters without Borders." Reporters Without Borders. September 20, 2016. Accessed November 16, 2016. https://rsf.org/en/news/mexico-two-mexican-journalists-murdered-space-three-days.
• "Mexico : Violence and Impunity." Reporters Without Borders. Accessed November 16, 2016. https://rsf.org/en/mexico.
• O'Neil, Shannon K. "Mexico Makes It." Foreign Affairs. March/April 2013. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/mexico/2013-03-01/mexico-makes-it.
• Relly, Jeannine E., and Celeste González De Bustamante. "Silencing Mexico: A Study of Influences on Journalists in the Northern States" Sage Pub. 2014. http://hij.sagepub.com/content/19/1/108.full.pdf html.
• "Reporter Gunned down in Veracruz While under State Protection | Reporters without Borders." Reporters Without Borders. July 22, 2016. Accessed November 16, 2016. https://rsf.org/en/news/reporter-gunned-down-veracruz-while-under-state-protection.
• Serna, Laura I. ""As A Mexican I Feel It's My Duty": Citizenship, Censorship, and the Campaign Against Derogatory Films in Mexico, 1922-1930." In The Americas, 225-44. Vol. 63. Houston, TX: Humanities Research Center, Rice University, 2006.
• Simon, Joel. "ONE Informing the Global Citizen." In The New Censorship: Inside the Global Battle for Media Freedom, 11-31. Columbia University Press, 2015.
• Womack, John, Jr. "The Spoils of the Mexican Revolution." Foreign Affairs. July 1970. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/mexico/1970-07-01/spoils-mexican-revolution.
• Wu, Tim. "The World Trade Law of Censorship and Internet Filtering." In Chicago Journal of International Law, 263-87. Vol. 7. 2006.

Subject bold