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| Jino | |
|---|---|
| Jinuo, Buyuan Jino, Youle Jino, 基諾語補遠方言 | |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Sipsongpanna, Dai autonomous prefecture of Yunnan province, China |
| Ethnicity | Asian |
Native speakers | 21000 (2007) |
| Dialects | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | People's Republic of China|China |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | jiu |
| Glottolog | buyu1238 |
Jino Language
[edit]Jino Language (Jinuo; also known as Buyuan, Jinuo, Buyuan Jinuo 基諾語補遠方言.)[1] autonyms: tɕy˦no˦, ki˦nʲo˦) Jino language is a pair of Loloish languages spoken by the Jino people of Yunnan. In total, there are about 20,899 Jinuo people living in China.[2] 70%-80% of jinuo people can speak Jino fluently in the world[3]. The Jino languages has two subdialects of Youle Jino and Buyuan Jinuo,[2] and they are not mutually intelligible. Buyuan Jinuo is spoken by 21,000 people[4] Most of the speakers are monolingual, which means they only speak Jino language.[1] There is no official written form. Most Jino also speak one of the Tai languages or Chinese. The iso 639-3 code for jino language is "jiu" for Youle Jino, or "jiy" for Buyuan Jino.[4] The Glottocode for Jino language is "youl1235" for Youle Jino[5], or "buyu1238" for Buyuan Jino.[6]
Classification
[edit]Jino language is under Hani-jino, which is classified as Loloish family, which is under the sub-family of Lolo-burmese. Lolo-burmese is under the Lolo-Burmese family[4]
History
[edit]The language usage is rapidly eliminating, in the 1980s there was 70%-80% of Jinuo people used Jino language. In 2000, There was less than 50% of the population can speak Jino language.[7]
Jino was recognized by the state council on the 6th june 1979 as the last recognized minority nationality in china.[7]
Historically, Jino people was organized as a matriarchal culture, and “Jino” means “descending from the uncle,” and it refers to the importance of mother’s brother in matriarchal societies.[8]
From language aspect, Jino language is similar to other languages under the branch of the Tibeto-Burman languages, because Jino people moved from the northwest of Yunnan province to the territories they are at now, but the timing and routes of this migration remain uncertain,[9]
Geographic Distribution
[edit]Jinuo Township (Junuo Mountain), Located in Jinghong (景洪) City of the Sipsongpanna Dai autonomous prefecture of Yunnan province, China.[7]
Tonemes
[edit]There are five tonemes in Buyuan Jino language. Gai believes that the function of tonemes are distinguishing lexical meanings and grammatical meanings. (from citation1)
1, [55] value tone (high level tone): it tends to exhibit vowels that are phonetically shortened
2, [44] value tone (mid level tone): lower than 55, though high
3, [31] value tone(low falling tone): low
4, [35] value tone (rising tone): rising
5, [53] value tone (high falling tone): falling from the top level
[53] value tone is considered difficult to tell when listen to native speaker [2]
Writing system
[edit]Since there is no official written form for Jino, therefore, Jino does not have a writing system, but it developed several systems of signs to cover communication in different situations [9]. They used engraved wooden or bamboo boards to record debts between villages.
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Did you know Buyuan Jinuo is endangered?". Endangered Languages. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
- ^ a b c NetCommons (2013-03-01). "神戸市外国語大学学術情報リポジトリ". Annals of Foreign Studies (in Japanese). 83.
- ^ Moseley, Christopher (2012). "Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger". UNESCO.
- ^ a b c "Jinuo, Buyuan". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
- ^ "Glottolog 2.7 - Jino". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Jino". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ a b c Yuming, Li; Wei, Li (2013-03-22). The Language Situation in China. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-1614512530.
- ^ a b Minahan, James B. (2014-02-10). Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781610690188.
- ^ a b Arcones, Pedro Ceinos (2014-04-14). China's Last but one matriarchy: The Jino of Yunnan. Pedro Ceinos.
- ^ Project, Joshua. "Jino in China". Retrieved 2017-03-08.