User:Mikkow/Roles (aircraft)

New article name is Roles (military aircraft) Military aircraft are described through what 'type' they are or 'role' they were designed to, or actually performed. The role an aircraft was designed and intended for does not guarantee it will be employed in that role. Technological developments, experience, economical considerations and necessity may well lead to aircraft being employed a role it was not designed or optimized for, with or without hardware modifications. The aircraft's actual abilities may not be accurately described by it's official designation and deployment. Manufacturers, armed forces and online sources, including wikipedia, often make no attempts to separate the designed intent, actual abilities and the employed role when describing aircraft. To complicate matters further, political and commercial considerations motivate changes of the words used to describe roles, in order to make the aircraft appear more or less a certain way. For example, nearly all references to bombing have been replaced in nomencleture in the USA by variations of the word 'attack' and 'strike', a form of euphemism. This article describes both 'role' and 'type'.

Trends

Similar to the historical development of the tank, which originally had many different classes that eventually merged into the single universial Main Battle Tank, combat aircraft designs move towards unified airframe designs capable of handling many roles well with little or no adaption.

Trainer

A trainer is an aircraft used to develop piloting, navigational or war-fighting skills in flight crew. Dedicated trainer are typically lightweight, small and inexpensive. They typically have simple combat ability and are used in combat, especially by air forces in third world countries. Trainer versions of existing military models are frequently produced in a two-seater configuration.

Air to Air

This section covers roles pertaining to destroying hostile aircraft by the means of machine guns, cannons, rockets or guided missiles.

Air Superiority

The objective of destroying hostile aircraft of all types. A fighter is the basic dedicated air superiority aircraft, although the role is commonly covered by multi-role aircraft.

Fighter

Aircraft dedicated to the role of air superiority. American military designation officially extends the definition to include aircraft that has any air to air capability, regardless of primary role, but in practice also requires the aircraft to have the appearance of a fighter (see A-10 Thunderbolt II). This interpretation has as a result become common usage. As a consequence, the only information that can for certain be deducted is that it describes a military aircraft that has the aesthetic properties of an air superiority fighter combined with some type of ability of engaging hostile aircraft.

Light Fighter

A smaller and lighter than average air superiority aircraft. In common usage, any military aircraft that has the appearance resembling that of an air superiority fighter but is smaller and lighter than average.

Heavy Fighter

A heavier and larger than average air superiority aircraft. Designed to carry heavier weapons or operate at longer ranges. To achieve acceptable performance, most heavy fighters are twin-engined. A major design class during the pre-World War II period. Conceived as long-range escort fighters, or heavily-armed bomber destroyers, heavy fighters largely failed in their intended roles during World War II, as they could not out-manoeuvre the more conventional, single-engined fighters. Many twin-engined heavy fighters eventually found their niche as night fighters, with considerable successes. In common usage, it refers to any military aircraft that has the appearance resembling that of an air superiority fighter but is larger and heavier than average.

Night Fighter

An aircraft dedicated to the task of air superiority during night time. Came into existence during World War II with the invention of radar, too bulky to be fitted to anything but heavy fighters and tactical bombers, which were then used as night fighters. The role was made obsolete by radars becoming small and light enough to be fitted on any size aircraft, and the widespread use of homing missiles in air to air combat.

Interceptor

A fighter with a defensive role of intercepting hostile aircraft, typically bombers. Historically sacrificed manoeuvrability for longer range and higher top speed. Very small, light weight point defense rocket-powered interceptors were used briefly during World War II with extreme performance but a flight time of only seven minutes.

Bomber Destroyer

A defensive aircraft dedicated to destroying hostile strategic bombers. Before World War II, fighters were generally unable to carry armaments much heavier than man-portable medium machine guns, while bombers were comparatively large, tough and packing dangerous firepower. The bomber destroyer role was a heavy fighter or larger, designed primarily for long range and heavy cannons in order to deal effectively with bombers. As fighters' performance increased to the point where they could easily carry medium to heavy cannons, capable of destroying any bomber, the bomber destroyer role became lessened and eventually disappeared.

Air to Ground

This section covers roles pertaining to destroying surface targets by a vast array of different armaments, primarily explosives.

Strategic Bomber

An aircraft dedicated to delivering maximum destruction on non-military targets such as infrastructure, industry and population. They are also used for tactical bombing, which in the past tended to be in the form of area carpet bombing, but more modern bombers are often capable of precise tactical bombing. Typically a larger aircraft with all it's payload used for either free fall explosive munitions or powered missiles with either conventional or nuclear warheads. Strategic bombers can also take the shape of fighter-sized aircraft adapted to carry a single nuclear weapon.

Light Bomber

An aircraft dedicated to bombing that carries a lighter payload than average for a bomber. Word used since bombers first appeared in World War I up to after World War II. No longer commonly used.

Transport

External links

• example.com